• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of liming, manure application, and inoculation with Rhizobium on the early growth, nodulation, seedling establishment, winter survival, and forage yield and quality of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) at the Experimental Livestock Farm, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suweon in 1985 and 1986. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Seedling vigor and nodule formation of alfalfa at early stage were the best in the treatments of liminginoculation( L1) and liming-manure-inoculation(LM1). 2. Seedling establishment was not significantly affected by the treatments of liming, manure application, nodulation and the combination of these. 3. The LI and LMI treatments showed the highest winter survival of 94.3 and 83.5%, respectively, but the lowest winter su.rvival of 55.9 and 58.5% was found in no treatment(None) and inoculation( I ), respectively. 4. No differences in crude protein(CP1, acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) contents were found among the treatments. 5. There were significant differences in the total dry matter yield of alfalfa among the treatments. The total dry matter yields of 10,618, 11,830, 11,855 and 13,456 kg/ha from the treatments of L, LM, LI and LMI, respectively, were significantly higher than those of None, M and I treatments. 6. Based on the results of the experiment, it appears that the dry matter yield of alfalfa could be enhanced by the treatments of liming with Rhizobium inoculation and also liming, manure application and Rhizobium inoculation as a practical method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.980-987
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• 2012

In order to investigate the effect of physical forms of starter diets on performance, weaning age, nutrient digestibility and rumen biochemical factors, 24 female of neonatal Brown Swiss calves (average body weight of $39.5{\pm}1.2kg$) were randomly assigned to three treatments. Dietary treatments were mashed (MS), pelleted (PS), and texturized (TS) starter using 8 calves from birth till 90 days of age in each treatment. Diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous with 21% crude protein. Based on the experimental results, calves that received PS and TS diets, had significant higher average daily gain (ADG) than those receiving MS (p<0.01). Dry matter intake in calves fed PS and TS was greater than calves fed MS (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in feed efficiency. Treatments had no effect on initiation of rumination. Weaning age of calves in MS was longer than the other two treatments (p<0.05). Crude protein and organic matter digestibility in MS treated calves were lower than other treatments (p<0.05). No differences were observed in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ash digestibility among treatments (p>0.05). Ruminal pH was higher (p<0.01) in MS than the other groups, but ruminal ammonia (g/dl) concentration was not different among the treatments. Body measurements such as body length, pin width, hip width, pin to hip length, size of metacarpus and metatarsus bones, hip height, wither height, stomach size and heart girth were not significantly different among the treatments. Overall, it is concluded that starter diets in the form of pellet and texture can improve performance in neonatal Brown Swiss calves compared to the mashed form.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2005

We evaluated the effects of different feeding strategies on the growth of young Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., in a freshwater recirculating system during summer. Each of twenty fish (Mean body weight$\pm$ SD; 37. 7$\pm$0.10 g) were randomly distributed into each of 24 tanks. Eight treatments were prepared in triplicate. Control fish were hand-fed commercial feed twice daily without starvation. The other seven treatments employed different feeding and starvation strategies ranging from I day starved and 1 day fed (1DS+ 1DF) to 7 days starved to 7 days fed (7DS+7DF). All fish survived to the end of the 44-day feeding trial. The amount of food supplied was highest for the control fish in the control. Food supplied to fish in the 3DS+3DF and 4DS+4DF treatments was significantly lower than that of fish in the 1DS+1DF and 2DS+2DF treatments, but significantly higher than that of fish in the 5DS+5DF, 6DS+6DF and 7DS+7DF treatments. The weight gain of control fish was significantly higher than that of fish in other treatments. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) for fish in the 7DS+7DF treatment was significantly higher than that of fish in the control group, but it did not differ from that of fish in the 1DS+1DF and 2DS+2DF treatments. We concluded that young Nile tilapia raised with different starvation and feeding regimes during the summer in a freshwater recirculating system did not catch up in growth to fish fed daily. However, the enhanced FER of Nile tilapia in the 7DS+ 7DF, 2DS+ 2DF, and 1 DS+ I DF treatments partly explains the compensatory growth of the fish, although their weight gain was relatively low.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives : Lateral epicondylitis on elbow is one of the most common causes of elbow pain. Lateral epicondylitis can be managed with acupuncture, but the evidence for its effectiveness is uncertain. The purpose of this review is to investigate the trends of acupuncture treatments on lateral epicondylitis. Methods : We investigated the studies about acupuncture treatments for lateral epicondylitis via searching 5 Korean web databases(KTKP, RISS, OASIS, KCI, Kisti) The key search terms were 'Lateral epicondylitis', 'Tennis elbow', 'External epicondylitis'. 12 research papers(10 case reports, 1 RCT, 1NRCT) were found to be analyzed according to their published year, the titles of journals, published institution, the types of study, the number of cases, the types of treatments, the instruments for assessment and ethical approvals. The effectiveness of acupuncture treatment was classified. Results : 12 papers were published since 2003. The studies on acupuncture treatments about lateral epicondylitis were mainly published in The journal of pharmacopuncture. 10 case reports, 1 non-randomized controlled trials, 1 randomized controlled trials had been under research. In most of the research, the number of the cases were not enough. In 9 cases of the studies, various korean medicine treatments including acupuncture were used to treat the symptoms. In 3 cases of the studies single method was used to treat the symptoms. Visual analogue scale(VAS) and range of motion(ROM), grip strength were used as primary assessments. Among 12 clinical studies, 1 of them were accepted by institutional review board(IRB). Conclusions : In this study, we analyzed the trends of acupuncture treatments on lateral epicondylitis. Reviewing the domestic trends of studies on acupuncture treatments for lateral epicondylitis and examining the strong and weak points of those treatments are essential for the future studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1148-1156
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• 2011

Compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed different diets with different feeding regime was compared. Four hundred fifty fish (twenty five fish per tank) were randomly distributed into 18 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Six treatments were prepared: fish were hand-fed with the control (C) diet to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 8 weeks (C-8W treatment); and other groups of fish were starved for 2 weeks and then fed with the C, high protein (HP), high carbohydrate (HC), high lipid (HL), and combined protein, carbohydrate and lipid (CPCL) diets to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 6 weeks, referred to as C-6W, HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W, and CPCL-6W treatments, respectively. Final body weight of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in C-6W, but not different from that of fish in C-8W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Specific growth rate of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in all other treatments except for fish in CPCL-6W treatment. Feeding rate of fish in C-8W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments, but not different from that of fish in C-6W treatment. In addition, feeding rate of fish in C-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments were higher than those of fish in C-6W treatment. None of moisture, crude protein and ash content of the whole body of fish excluding the liver was different among treatments. Dietary supplementation of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and their combination could improve compensatory growth of fish when fish were fed for 6 weeks after 2-week feed deprivation; especially, supplementation of dietary protein was the most effective to improve compensatory growth of fish.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 1988

The problem of making confidence statements is considered about the means of treatments with t largest sample values among k available treatments. These confidence bounds are used in selecting a fixed number of superior treatments. An illustrative example is also provided.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical effect of Korean medical treatments for the patient who were diagnosed as the Cauda Equina Syndrome. Methods : The patient was treated by Korean medical treatments including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medication. The Improvement of clinical symptoms was assessed by Visual Analog Scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and Muscle Manual Test(MMT). Results : After treatments, VAS and ODI were generally decreased, MMT was improved in case. Conclusions : The Oriental medical treatments might be effective methods to treat the patient who were diagnosed as the Cauda Equina Syndrome.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2002

The mechanical and thermal load, and thermal softening occuring by the rush temperature of die, in warm and hot forging, cause wear, heat cracking and plastic deformation, etc. This paper describes the effects of solid lubricants and surface treatments for warm forging die. Because cooling effect and low friction are essential to the long life of dies, optimal surface treatments and lubricants are very important to hot and warm forging process. The main factors affecting die hardness and heat transfer, are surface treatments and lubricants, which are related to heat transfer coefficient, etc. To verify the effects, experiments are performed for heat transfer coefficient in various conditions - different initial billet temperatures and different loads. Carbonitriding and ionitriding are used as surface treatments, and oil-base and water-base graphite lubricants are used. The effects of lubricant and surface treatment for warm and hot forging die life are explained by their thermal characteristics, and the new developed technique in this study for predicting tool life can give more feasible means to improve the tool life in hot forging process.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.662-666
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• 1998

The effects of 0.5∼1.0% acetic acid, 0.5% laurice acid, or 0.5% monolaurine against Vibrio cholerae non 01 in flatfish strips stored at 15$^{\circ}C$ were assessed. Control strips were dipped in diatilled water only for 3 min. All treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced the levels of V. cholerae at initial day. The counts of V. cholerae in flatifish treated with either lauric acid or monolurine were a significantly different (P<0.05) from those of acetic acid treatment after 2 days of storage. The counts of V. cholerae in treatments of 0.5% laurice acid after dipping in 1.0% acetic acid for 3 min were lower than those of treatments with 0.5% luarice acid for 3 min after dipping in 0.5% acetic acid for 3 min. Treatments with 0.5% monolurine for 3 min were not effective in lowering (P<0.05) the counts of V. cholerae after 3 days compared to the control.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2000

Several nonpharmacological treatment methods of insomnia and their effects were reviewed. A long-term use of most hypnotics may produce tolerance, dependence, cognitive and psychomotor impairments at daytime, shallow sleep, and rebound insomnia on drug withdrawal. To reduce hypnotic abuse, nonpharmacological strategies have been developed to correct disordered behavioral and cognitive factors. These treatments aim at modifying maladaptive sleep habits, lowering physiological and cognitive arousal levels, and correcting dysfuctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. These non-pharmacological or cognitive behavior treatments include stimulus control, sleep restriction, relaxation training, sleep hygiene education, cognitive therapy, and light therapy. Among them the stimulus control therapy has been demonstrated most effective as a single treatment or in combination with other treatments. Through nonpharmacological treatments, sleep latency was most significantly reduced and wake time after sleep onset was also reduced. About 50% of insomniacs reported clinical improvements in terms of nearly normalized sleep latency, awakening time, sleep efficiency, and reduction of hypnotic use. Compared to the hypnotic therapy, nonpharmacological treatments are more cost-effective and more readily accepted by patients, and their effects last longer.