• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of taurine supplementation on lipid metabolism in laying hens. In experiment 1, 19-wk-old laying hens were given one of four taurine supplemented diets (0 (control), 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% taurine) fur 10 weeks. Abdominal fat weight was lower in the 1.2% diet by 29.2% compared to the control. Serum concentrations of triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol were not different among the treatments. However, seam concentration of total cholesterol was higher by 22.4% in the 1.2% diet compared to the control. Concentration of triacylglycerol or total cholesterol in the liver were decreased by 26.1% or 26.4% and 28.2% or 26.4%, respectively in the 0.8% and 1.2% diets compared to the control. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol in liver was also lower by 33.9% in the 1.2% diet compared to the control. In experiment 2, 81-wk-old laying hens were allocated to one of three taurine supplemented diets (0 (control), 1 and 2% taurine) fur 6 weeks. Abdominal fat weight was lower by 25% in 1% taurine supplementation compared to the control. Serum concentrations of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of hens fed with 1% diet were not different from those of control group. However, sew concentrations of triacylglycerol and total cholesterol were lower by 44.0% and 19.8%, respectively in the 2% diet compared to the control. Furthermore, serum concentration of HDL -cholesterol in the 2% diet was higher by 75% compared to the control. Concentrations of triacylglycerol and total cholesterol in the liver in the 2% diet were decreased in the 1% diet by 36.8 and 23%, respectively, but increased by 78.4% and 70%, respectively, compared to the control. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol in the liver was not different between the 1% diet and the control, but higher by 62.8% in the 2% diet compared to the control. These results indicated that taurine supplementation decreased the fat storage in abdominal cavity, which was accompanied by the changes in triacylglycerol and cholesterol metabolisms of laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the effects of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) on growth performance, immune organ weights, blood biochemical parameters and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in broiler chicks. A total of 120 4-day-old birds were given a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.5% (AS1) or 1.0% (AS2) AS powder until the birds were 35 days of age. There was no difference in body weight, total gain, feed intake or immune organ weights among the treatment groups. However, the feed conversion ratio in the AS2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that in the CON group. Serum biochemical components, including AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), albumin and total protein, were not affected by the dietary treatments, whereas glucose and triglyceride levels increased (p<0.05) in the AS2 group compared with the CON group. The AS1 group exhibited decreased mRNA expression (p<0.05) of IFN-${\gamma}$ in white blood cells and iNOS in the liver compared with the CON group. The other pro-inflammatory cytokines were unaffected by dietary AS supplementation, although there was a trend towards decreased expression of these genes, including those encoding Il-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.5% AS decreased the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting growth performance, suggesting that this supplement might be applicable as an immunoregulatory feed additive in broiler chicks.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.2 s.247
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• pp.152-156
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• 2005

Background: Occlusive complications after arterial revascularization are difficult to treat and have high recurrence rate. This study was performed to establish an effective treatment modality and to evaluate the factors affecting the occlusive complications by analysis of clinical data. Material and Method: During the period of 5 years. 33 patients (55 reoperations) were studied at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital following 173 arterial revascularization surgeries. The clinical characteristics, operating methods, the time intervals of reoperation, used graft, and the results of treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Result: All the patients were men except one and the mean age was 63.5 years old. The mean time internal from first operation to reoperation was 11.9 months. The cause of arterial occlusive diseases were 28 atherosclerosis and 5 Burger's diseases, Associated diseases were Hypertension $(57.6\%)$, Diabetes mellitus $(33.3\%)$, heart failure $(18.2\%)$, and so on. The mean rate of reoperation was 1.67 times and the most common type of first operation was femoro-popliteal bypass grafting $(57.6\%)$. The graft that used revascularization surgery were 25 cases of PTFE and 6 case were Dacron. There was no statistical difference between two groups. The kinds of reoperations were thrombectomy in 20 cases, angioplasty 18 cases, re-bypass surgery in 13 cases, and lumbar sympathectomy in 4 cases. The results of reoperation were 15 cases of functional recovery, 7 cases of limb salvage, 5 cases of above-knee amputation. 3 cases of below-knee amputation and 3 deaths. Conclusion: The main cause of occlusive complications are occlusion of inflow or outflow artery. Treatments were different according to the first operation methods and graft used. The most frequent time of reoperation was within one year after the first operation. We believe that graft surveillance especially during the first year is very important factor in observing the patient. We can look forward to improving limb salvage rate to perform additional treatment such as radiological interventions and lumbar sympathectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 1998

Rheumatic valvulitis produces at least three distinct pathologic changes, the degree varying widely among the patients: fusion of the valve leaflets at the commissures; fusion and shortening of chordae tendinae: and fibrosis of the leaflets with subsequent stiffening, contraction and calcification. The most extensive changes usually are seen in patients with recurrent attacks of rheumatic fever. We studied on outcome of the surgical treatments of rheumatic valvular diseases that have been experienced for 12 years since 1982 at Pusan National University Hospital. The diagnoses were made by rheumatic fever history, echocardiographic findings, gross operative findings and microscopic findings. Total 502 patients were performed surgery for valvular heart diseases and 440 patients of rheumatic origin have bene analysed. There were more female than male patients as 1.3:1, and the mean age was 37.8 years old. 96.3% of them affected to the mitral valve, 19.8% to aortic valve, 16.3% affected to the tricuspid valve. Most of them underwent valve replacement, and valve repair was done in 3.9% of patients. There were 36 hospital deaths(8.2%) mainly from low cardiac output syndrome, and 15 late deaths equally due to embolism and hemorrhage. Follow up was 90.1% completed(2890 patient- year). Linealized rates of late complication events are follows : thromboembolism 1.3% per patient year; anticoagulant related hemorrhage 0.8% per patient year. Overall actuarial survival including hospital mortality was 92.7＋/-2.9% in 1 year, 88.0＋/-4.5% in 5 year, 82.3＋/-7.7% in 10 year. We conclude that the rheumatic disease is still the most frequent and the most important cause of heart valve disease. So more intensive study is needed in spite of the abrupt decreasing rate of rheumatic fever in U.S.A. and other industrial country.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.909-916
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• 2001

Background : Varicose vein is a very common vascular disease and has recently become a matter of concern for thoracic and cardiovascular surgens. Material and Method : We analyzed 209 cases or 269 feet with varicose vein retrospectively, which had been treated in our hospital from April 1999 to December 2000. Result : Male : Female ratio was 1:3(Male : 52 cases, Female : 157 cases), mean age was 42.2$\pm$9.7 years old, mean duration of varicosities was 12.2$\pm$9.7 years, and mean follow up was 14.8$\pm$6.1 months from July 2001. Most common symptom was leg pain(122 cases, 58.4%). Long standing job(44 cases), pregnancy(37 cases), and family history related to varicose vein came to 79.9% as the major predisposing or precipitating factors. Anatomic classifications of main lesion were GSV (greater saphenous vein,126 cases), LSV(lesser saphenous vein,18 cases), and reticular veins and telangiectasias(65 cases). Main treatments were stripping of GSV, stab avulsion, ligation of saphenofemoral junction, sclerotherapy, and conservative treatment. Comparing A group (stripping of GSV) with B group(sclerotherapy of GSV), A group had more complications than B group; however, A group had less recurrences than B group(p 0.05). Comparing C group(stab avulsion of LSV) with D group(sclerotherapy of LSV), there were 2 cases of recurrence in D group; however, there were no statistical differences between the two groups in complication and recurrence(p>0.05). Comparing B group(sclerotherapy of GSV) with E group(sclerotherapy of reticular vein and telangiectasia), there were no differences in complication; however, B group had more recurrences than E group. Post-stripping complications were ankle numbness and tingling(2 cases), ankle pain(2 cases),ankle swelling(2 cases), and wound pain(1 case). Postsclerotherapy complications were thrombophlebitis(1 case) and skin ulcer(1 case). Conclusion: Sclerotherapy for varicose vein involving GSV had more recurrences than stripping for lesions involving GSV. Sclerotherapy for reticular vein and telangiectasia had less recurrences than sclerotherapy for lesion involving GSV. Sclerotherapy is a very convenient method without operation and admission, thus further research is demanded in case of varicose vein involving GSV.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.103-108
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• 2007

Background: Surgical resection is an important modality in the treatment of pulmonary metastases from various solid tumors. We analyzed 37 patients who underwent surgical treatments of pulmonary metastases in our hospital from 1996 to 2005. Material and Method: Age, sex, disease free interval, operative procedure, the number of pulmonary metastases, and lymphatic metastasis were investigated with admission and operative records, and pathologic reports. Actuarial survival and comparisons between each survival rate were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, respectively, Result: Complete resections were carried out in 34 of 37 patients. The primary tumor was carcinoma in 25 cases, sarcoma in 10, and others in 2. The number of pulmonary metastases was 1 in 25 cases and 2 or more in 12 cases. 3-year and 5-year survival rates after complete resection were 50.5% and 35.9%, respectively. 3-year and 5-year survival rates for carcinoma were 64.5% and 45.0%, respectively, and 3-year survival rate for sarcoma was 17.5%. Otherwise, none of the operative procedures, the number of pulmonary metastases, lymphatic metastasis, adjunctive therapy and the disease free interval in the case of carcinoma significantly affected the survival rates. Conclusion: Complete resection of pulmonary metastasis in well selected patients allows high long term survival rate with low mortality and morbidity. Long-term follow up and randomized prospective studies were necessary to determine the prognostic factors of pulmonary metastases after surgical resection.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2000

To compare the effect of food waste compost(FWC) application on the sodicity of paddy and upland soil, laboratory experiment was conducted. Six kinds of FWC made of various mixing ratio of food waste and pig slurry as raw material were applied to paddy soil under submerged condition and to upland soil in field water capacity, and were kept at $25^{\circ}C$ under laboratory incubation. The higher the mixing ratio of food waste on making FWC, the higher the FWC showed Na content and EC. Mineralized ratio of cations in FWC during incubation showed no difference between paddy and upland soil. It was high in the order of Na>K>Mg>Ca as 99, 94, 71, and 71%, respectively. NaCl contents of FWC applied to soils against SAR and ESP were fitted well to first linear regression with extremely high significance($R^2=0.99$). Increasing rate of SAR and ESP was higher in upland soil than paddy soil by 2.3 times. The difference was considered to be caused by dilution effect which was exerted by the application of more soil to water ratio to paddy soil than to upland soil on SAR analysis in consideration of cultivating condition. The calculated values of $([Ca^{2+}+Mg^{2+}]/2)^{1/2}$ used as a denominator on SAR calculation showed a little difference among FWC treatments by 2.1~2.4, while [$Na^+$] used as a numerator showed much variance by 3.1~9.5. Therefore, as a parameter for the assessment of FWC quality affecting soil sodicity, the use of only Na content in FWC was proposed without regarding Ca and Mg contents. Soil Ex. Na contents showed extremely high correlation($R^2=0.99$) with ESP. Moreover, because the former can be more easily determined than the latter, soil Ex. Na content was proposed as a new sodicity index.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2000

This study was conducted to gain basic data for alleviation of gas emission and conservation of healthy soil environment by investigating an aspect of gas emission and microbial diversity due to the supplement of different fertilizers after application with a livestock manure compost in greenhouse soils. Green pepper was cultivated in clay loamy soil from April to August. Before planting, a livestock manure compost was applied with $741mg\;ha^{-1}$ on the basis of the phosphate content contained in compost. And then, deficient nitrogen for cropping was supplemented with either quick-acting fertilizer of urea or a controlled slow release fertilizer made from urea formaldehyde(U/F). $NH_3$ and R $NH_2$ gases emitted from soil showed a low concentration in the early stage but a maximum in 27 days after planting, then decreased rapidly and not detected after 33 days. Their average concentrations were 42% and 85% lower in the treatment of slow release fertilizer than that of urea fertilizer, respectively. $CO_2$ gas emitted under urea fertilization was ranged from 1,200 to $3,200mg{\ell}^{-1}$ and that in slow release fertilizer was $900{\sim}2,650mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$. The average concentration of urea treatment was $2,260mg{\ell}^{-1}$ and 30% higher than that of slow release fertilizer. The treatment of slow release fertilizer with the lapse of cropping time populated larger in numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, nitrate bacteria and nitrate reduction bacteria, and ratios of bacteria and actinmycetes to fungi than that of urea fertilizer. But the number of fungi was higher in the treatment of urea fertilizer and denitrifying bacteria showed a similar trend in both treatments. The microbial diversity index, which calculated with numbers of 6 species of microorganisms, was decreased with increasing of growing stage in the range of 0.1 to 0.35 and that was higher in the tratment of slow release fertilizer than urea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2006

High phosphate accumulations in greenhouse soils have been considered as a new agricultural problem in Korea. The effects of silicate on changes in phosphate fractions and on the yield of Chinese cabbage without P fertilization were investigated by pot experiment. For this experiment, P-accumulated soil was selected (Total-P; $2140mg\;kg^{-1}$). Three levels of silicate (0, 2, and $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$) without P fertilization and P fertilizer without silicate application (Si0+NPK) were applied in 1/2000a pots. The same amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied to the all pots. The application of $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of silicate greatly increased the yield of Chinese cabbage by 25% compared to Si0+NPK treatment. Although there is no significant difference in plant P absorption among all the treatments, the uptake of P in the $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ silicate application was significantly higher than Si0+NPK treatment due to increase in yield. The content of available $SiO_2$ in soil increased with increasing silicate application rates. The Si concentration of plant showed a positive correlation with available $SiO_2$ contents in soil and the yield of Chinese cabbage. Total P greatly decreased with increasing rates of silicate application, yet the change in available P content was not significant. The Si0+NPK treatment increased the content of Ca-P by 11%, however, which was decreased by 27% in the $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ silicate application. Therefore, the effect of silicate on reducing total-P was mainly attributed to the change in concentration of Ca-P. Our results suggest that the application of silicate in P-accumulated soils not only increase the crops yield but also reduces phosphate accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrate concentration in culture solution on the growth and the uptake of inorganic elements in Tomato plant in the greenhouse. Tomato plants(cv. TVR-2) were grown with nitrate concentrations 8, 16, 24, 32cmol/l, based on Japan ENSI standard solution. Dry weights of lamina and petiole increased with the nitrate concentration. However, the dry weight of fruit was the highest in the treatment of nitrate concentration of 16cmol/l. The proportion of dry weights of vegitative organ to reproductive organ was the lowest in the treatments of nitrate concentrations of 16cmol/l and it increased with the nitrate concentration. The fruit yield was the highest at the treatment of nitrate concentration of 16cmol/l. With the increase of nitrate level the concentrations of N, $NO_3-N$, Ca and Na increased in lamina and petioles. The concentrations of K, P, S and Cl tended to decline in the nitrate concentration of 16 and 32cmol/l. These results indicate that optimum nitrate concentrations in a tomato grown by hydroponics change with growth stage, and the optimum concentrations for vegitative and reproductive stage were 8 and 16cmol/l, respectively. It also was proved that the nitrate concentrations in the culture solution affected antagonistically the uptake of inorganic anion in tomato : In low nitrate level $Cl^-$ uptake was affected much, while $SO_4{^{2-}}$ and $H_2PO_4{^-}$ uptake were affected in high nitrate level.