• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2001

Objectives : It is well known that pharmacologic and behavioral therapies of panic disorder show remarkable acute treatment outcome, however the course of panic disorder in clinical settings is often chronic and relapsing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the treatment outcome of panic disorder and the factors related to good treatment outcome by prospective follow-up study after 6 month in clinical settings. Methods : Twenty nine patients were diagnosed to have panic disorder by SCID(Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R), among the patients who had visited the psychiatric out-patients clinic of the Asan Medical Center for the first time. We determined the initial clinical and demoraphic features of each patient and reevaluated them after 6 months, investigating the treatment outcome by anxiety, phobia, impairment scales. We looked into the rate of the patients who showed good treatment outcome and determined the factors that had relation with good treatment outcome among demographic and clinical features. Results : Nineteen out of 29 patients could be followed after 6 months. Among them, 10 patients 52.6%) on the impairment scale and phobia scale each, and 8 patients(42.1 %) on the anxiety scale showed good treatment outcome. 8 patients(42.1 %) showed good treatment outcome on the all three scales. High score in initial phobia scale had significant relation with good treatment outcome. Short duration of illness did not have significant relation with good treatment outcome however there was a trend(p=0.07). Conclusion : About half(42.1 %) of the panic disorder patients showed good treatment outcome on all three scales. Severe initial phobic symptom and short duration of illness were expected to have relation with good treatment outcome.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2001

It is known that the personality is the crucial factor in the treatment outcome of depression. The authors tried to identify the results of such studies and various components which determine the treatment outcome of depression. Nearly 60 papers published between the year 1990 and 2000 about the treatment of depression and personality were reviewed. Among them about 30 papers were selected to compare the research methods, results and discussions. The arguments and critics of the papers were discussed. In the many debates, the authors admitted the fact that premorbid personality trait influences the treatment outcome of depression negatively regardless of treatment method. Subtyping of depression is feasible along the presence of good or bad predictors of treatment outcome for depression. Differentiation of depression and personality seems to have no problem, however test of personality state before the development of psychiatric disorder such as depression is not amenable. For example, cluster A personality trait is often misunderstood as depression in clinical setting. In some cases cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the treatment of depression accompanying personality disorder. The authors insist that the analysis of personality in the dimensional aspect rather than in the categorical aspect gives more information in the research of personality influencing the treatment outcome of depression. In addition, the reason why we understand the relationship between depression and personality were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.434-439
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the association between initial nutritional status and treatment outcome of hepatoma patients. Initial nutritional status was measured based on weight, serum albumin and total lymphocyte counts. Treatment outcome was measured in the three categories such as complication, treatment status at discharge and mortality. The study subjects were 120 patients with hepatoma cancer admitted at a university hospital in Seoul. The information about initial nutritional status and treatment outcome was collected from medical records. Chi-square test was used to test the association between initial nutritional status and treatment outcome As a result. 76.6% of the subjects were classified as the nutritional risk group based on initial nutritional states. Prevalence of complication was higher in nutritional risk group I and II than that in non-risk group(p<0.05). Death rare of the nutritional risk group was significantly higher than that of non-risk group(p<0.001). The findings suggest the strong association between the initial nutritional status and treatment outcome of hepatoma cancer.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.199-211
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• 2016

Objective: Given the considerable disagreement between the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and the American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation, we aimed to develop a novel assessment system-the Improvement and Completion of Outcome (ICO) index-to evaluate the outcome of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Sixteen criteria from 4 major categories were established to represent the pretreatment malocclusion status, as well as the degree of improvement and level of completion of outcome during/after treatment: dental relationship (arch length discrepancy, irregularity, U1-SN, and IMPA); anteroposterior relationship (overjet, right and left molar position, ANB); vertical relationship (anterior overbite, anterior open-bite, lateral open-bite, SN-MP); and transverse relationship (dental midline discrepancy, chin point deviation, posterior cross-bite, occlusal plane cant). The score for each criterion was defined from 0 or -1 (worst) to 5 (ideal value or normal occlusion) in gradations of 1. The sum of the scores in each category indicates the area and extent of the problems. Improvement and completion percentages were estimated based on the pre- and post-treatment total scores and the maximum total score. If the completion percentage exceeded 80%, treatment outcome was considered successful. Results: Two cases, Class I malocclusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion, are presented to represent the assessment procedure using the ICO index. The difference in the level of improvement and completion of treatment outcome can be clearly explained by using 2 percentage values. Conclusions: Thus, the ICO index enables the evaluation of the quality of orthodontic treatment objectively and consecutively throughout the entire treatment process.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2006

Objective : We suggested the clinical effect of Rainbow therapy on Bell's palsy. Methods : 20 Bell's palsy patients were divided into two groups. One group(A group) was treated by acupunture and the other group(B group) was treated by acupunture and Rainbow therapy. The effect of these treatments was evaluated by Yanagihara's unweighted grading system and House-Brackmann grading system. Results and Conclusions : In Yanagihara's unweighted grading system After 1 week and 2weeks treatment, group B marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome. We discovered that it is significant differences between two groups. After 3 weeks treatment, group B marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome but it is not significant differences between two groups. In House-Brackmann's facial nerve grading system, After 1 week treatment, group B marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome. We discovered that it is significant differences between two groups. After 2 weeks and 3 weeks treatment, group A marked more higher than group A in treatment outcome but it is not significant differences between two groups.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2006

Objectives : Nocturnal enuresis is one of common disorders in children. However, there are not a lot of researches going on about this disease, and also standardized criteria for analyzing were insufficient in Korea. Therefore, clinical researches were not in the confidence level. Methods : Korean journals which were published in 1990 to 2006, and online journals about nocturnal enuresis were used for analyzing based on outcome criteria. Results : The International Children's Continence Society and the World Health Organization have published outcome criteria about nocturnal enuresis, but different, often idiosyncratic, outcome criteria and/or definitions have been adopted in published research on treatment for nocturnal enuresis in recent years. But a new set of criteria suggested by Butler, Robinson, and et. al. referred to as a "dryness scale", which focuses on the percentage of dry nights accomplished at a point in time, will be an alternative proposal. These criteria will be of help to make standardized and proper outcome criteria in oriental medical studies. Conclusions : Agreed standardized outcome criteria in nocturnal enuresis treatment is needed.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.346-358
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• 2018

Objectives: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mortality or serious cardiovascular events over a long period of time is not clearly understood. The aim of this observational study was to estimate the clinical effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on an outcome variable combining mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cerebrovascular insult (CVI) during a follow-up period of 15.5 years ($186{\pm}58$ months). Methods: The data set consisted of 978 patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5.0$. One-third had used CPAP treatment. For the first time, a data-driven causal Bayesian network (DDBN) and a hypothesis-driven causal Bayesian network (HDBN) were used to investigate the effectiveness of CPAP. Results: In the DDBN, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and diuretic use were directly associated with the outcome variable. Sleep apnea parameters and CPAP treatment had no direct association with the outcome variable. In the HDBN, CPAP treatment showed an average improvement of 5.3 percentage points in the outcome. The greatest improvement was seen in patients aged ${\leq}55$ years. The effect of CPAP treatment was weaker in older patients (>55 years) and in patients with CHD. In CHF patients, CPAP treatment was associated with an increased risk of mortality, AMI, or CVI. Conclusions: The effectiveness of CPAP is modest in younger patients. Long-term effectiveness is limited in older patients and in patients with heart disease (CHD or CHF).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.324-329
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• 2000

Objective : Psychological factors may have a major influence on the outcome of treatment for back pain. We investigated the relationship between the outcome and some psychological factors, such as self-reported pain intensity, disability, sleep disturbance and fatigue. Method : The study was conducted as a survey using a questionnaire and telephone interviews. The survey included consecutive 294 patients who visited the neurosurgical out-patient department complaining of low back pain and contacted by telephone on average seven months after the first visit. Pain intensity was measured by visual analog scale, and disability was assessed by Waddell's chronic disability index. Results : The outcome of treatment for back pain was recovered in 36.7%, improved in 30.6%, almost same in 28.6%, and aggravated in 4.1%. Overall rate of improvement was 67.3%. The rate of improvement was related to the duration, patterns and intensity of the symptom, and Waddell index. It was not influenced by the doctors, special studies, and methods of treatment. When the duration was more than 6 months, there were the symptoms of both back and legs, and the self-reported Waddell index was 1-3, the rate of improvement was relatively low. Although the intensity of the pain and disability was closely related to the degree of sleep disturbance, fatigue, appetite, or indigestion, the outcome of treatment for back pain was not always bad in patients with high psychological stress. Actually the outcome of the patients who complained severe pain and disability was better than the outcome of the others. Conclusion : The outcome of the back pain can be predicted by the duration, patterns and intensity of the symptom, and Waddell index. The multidisciplinary treatment will be necessary for the patients whose expected outcome is not good to reduce not only the physical symptoms but also the psychological stress.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2001

Objectives The present study retrospectively investigated clinical outcome of patients with structual scoliosis during Chuna treatment. Methods : The study population consisted of 34 patients(14 patients of adolescent and 20 patients of adult) who were diagnosised as scoliosis with radiological finding. All patients were treated with Chuna treatment, and after treatment, evaluated with radiological measurement by calculating the scoliosis correction angle from the Initial and follow-up spine AP and lateral views. Also the evaluation of clinical outcome was done twice pre and post treatment during this study. Results : The results were summarized as follows ; 1) The 85.3 percent of patients complained physical pain. and adult group had various painful lesion compared with adolescent group. 2) Adult group had treated $18.0{\pm}7.2$ times and adolescent group treated $13.5{\pm}5.7$ times with Chuna treatment. 3) Scoliotic angle is reduced in 92.9 percent of adolescent group and had all of adult group after Chuna treatment, especially, statistically significance appeared in adult group. 4) Adult group was superior to adolescent group in correctability and scoliotic angle change. 5) Correction effect was better in the group which initial scoliotic angle was lessor, or had more time of treatment. 6) According to grade of vertebral body rotation, scoliotic angle is larger and correctability was lower. Conclusions : Chuna treatment was efficacious against scoliosis. And it is necessary for adolescent scoliosis patient to be more carefully treated and observed.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.461-492
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of gender, parental support and treatment type on the treatment outcome of adolescent substance abusers. Outcome variable was the successful graduation (or drop) from an Intensive Adolescent Outpatient Program. Adolescents with their parents' support were treated in one of three treatment models (2-weeks Inpatient plus 6 week Intensive Croup-Oriented Outpatient, 8-weeks Intensive Croup-Oriented Outpatient, and 8-weeks Individual-Family Therapy) within a private hospital-affiliated treatment center by managed care practice allowing their own choice (non-random natural assignments). Several hypotheses were tested for main effects by the Log-Linear Analyses for a multi-dimensional contingency table with 440 adolescents (284 boys and 156 girls treated during 1992-l997) from middle-class families with private health insurances. The following results were found. Odds of graduating versus dropping out of the treatment program among : (1) girls were 1.7 times higher than those among boys; (2) adolescents with two-parent were 2.2 times higher than those among adolescents with one-parent ; (3) adolescents with Inpatient plus Outpatient was 1.7 times higher than that of those with Outpatient; (4) adolescents with Individual-Family Therapy was 2.3 times higher than that of those with Outpatient Model. There was no statistically significant outcome difference between the Individual-Family Therapy and the Inpatient plus Outpatient. Implications from the results were discussed. Suggestions were made to improve the treatment components in the areas of gender sensitivity, securing more parental support, alternatives for separation from peer group and integrating new peer groups, and flexibility for the unique needs of individual family. Also, some research questions for future studies were suggested.