• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2017

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a problem in the community. TB patients usually experience malnutrition, which is characterized by both decreased body weight (BW) and body fat percentage (BFP). Leptin, an important regulator of BW, also plays an important role in cellular immunity, which is integral to defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We analyzed the effect of an anti-TB treatment regimen on the leptin level, BW, and BFP of children with TB. Methods: The design of this study was a group interrupted time series. The subjects were children with probable TB according to clinical criteria based on an Indonesian scoring system adopted from the Consensus of Expert Panel. BW; BFP; energy intake; fat and protein intake; and leptin levels before, 2 months after (intensive phase), and 6 months after (continuation phase) anti-TB treatment, were measured. About 40 children, aged 5-14 years, participated in this study. Results: The BW, BFP and leptin level increased from before treatment to after completion of the intensive phase and still showed an increased during the continuation phase: BW 18.65 kg, 19.75 kg, and 20.85 kg; BFP 18.3%, 19.5%, and 20.2%; and leptin level 1.9 mg/dL, 3.07 mg/dL, and 3.4 mg/dL, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: Leptin level, BW, and BFP increased throughout the course of anti-TB treatment, compared with pretreatment values. Further research is needed to compare the results with data for healthy children.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권5호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2011

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder characterized by the presence of non-caseating granulomas in the involved organ. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by $Mycobacterium$ $tuberculosis$ and is characterized by granuloma with caseous necrosis. The clinical and histological similarity between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis has stimulated research searching for an association between mycobacterium and sarcoidosis. We report a case of a 38-year-old male with sarcoidosis that developed soon after treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis. He was diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis by microbiological confirmation. He showed clinical improvement after treatment for tuberculosis. One year later, his chest radiography showed bilateral hilar enlargement with diffuse bilateral nodules. A noncaseating granuloma was confirmed by endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration and he was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing sarcoidosis after treatment of tuberculosis in South Korea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in immigrants. We aimed to investigate the current status of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment for North Korean Refugees (NKR) compared to South Koreans Contacts (SKC). Methods: TB close contacts in a closed facility of SKC and NKR who underwent LTBI screening in a settlement support center for NKR were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among tuberculin skin test (TST) ${\geq}10mm$ (n=298) reactors, the males accounted for 72.2% in SKC (n=126) and 19.5% in NKR (n=172) (p<0.01). The mean age was higher in South Korea ($42.8{\pm}9.9years$ vs. $35.4{\pm}10.0years$, p<0.01). Additionally, the mean TST size was significantly bigger in NKR ($17.39{\pm}3.9mm$ vs. $16.57{\pm}4.2mm$, p=0.03). The LTBI treatments were initiated for all screened NKR, and LTBI completion rate was only 68.0%. However, in NKR, LTBI treatment completion rate was significantly increased by shorter 4R regimen (odds ratio [OR], 9.296; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.159-20.774; p<0.01) and male (OR, 3.447; 95% CI, 1.191-9.974; p=0.02). Conclusion: LTBI treatment compliance must be improved in NKR with a shorter regimen. In addition, a larger study regarding a focus on LTBI with easy access to related data for NKR should be conducted.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제29권3_4호
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• pp.529-546
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• 2011

A deterministic tuberculosis model for theoretically assessing the potential impact of the combined effects of case detection in the presence of treatment is formulated. The qualitative features of its equilibria are analyzed and it is found that the disease-free equilibrium may not be globally asymptotically stable when the reproduction number is less than unity. This disease threshold number is further used to assess the impact of active TB case finding alone and in conjunction with treatment. A critical threshold parameter ${\Theta}$ say for which case detection will have a positive impact is derived. Using the Centre Manifold theory, the model may exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation (coexistence of a locally stable endemic equilibrium with a stable disease-free equilibrium) when the reproduction number is less than unity. It is shown that the possibility of backward bifurcation occurring decreases with increase case detection. Graphical representations suggest that increase in case finding accompanied by treatment of detected TB cases, result in a marked decrease of TB cases (both latent and active TB).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2012

Background: Detection and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection with contact investigation is a key component of TB control program. I evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for TB infection among contacts of recently diagnosed pulmonary TB patients in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Methods: 206 contacts of 90 adult pulmonary TB patients underwent tuberculin skin tests (TST) and chest radiography. The TST results were considered positive with an induration of 10 mm or more, suggesting TB infection. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with TB infection. Results: TST was positive in 97 of 206 contacts of TB patients (47.1%) and positive rate of TST increased with age. The risk of TB infection was significantly associated with close contact with TB patients (sleeping in the same room) (odd ratio [OR], 4.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43~17.00). Conclusion: TB infection rate was higher in the elderly, and the risk of TB infection was significantly increased with close contact of TB patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2017

Tuberculosis is primarily a pulmonary disease and extrapulmonary involvement of the oral cavity is an infrequent occurrence accounting for 0.2 - 1.5% of all extrapulmonary sites. The authors report a case of primary tuberculosis of the oral tongue in a 60-years-old male patient who visited the clinic for ongoing tongue pain that he experienced for several months. The lesion was initially indistinguishable from the malignancy, but differential diagnosis was performed on the biopsy with Ziehl-Neelseen stain. After treatment with anti-tuberculosis, the oral lesion healed completely without surgery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 1997

A total of 322 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis (8.1%) out of 3,982 subjects who had a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of Hanyang University Hospital between the beginning of March 1982 and the end of April 1996 were included in this study. The peak incidence occurred in the second decade, and the male to female was 1 : 3.0. The barking cough with variable amounts of sputum was the most common chief complaint in 56.9% of the 313 patients. Other complaints included dyspnea, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, and generalized weakness. Localized wheeze was heard over the chest in 16.9% of the 313 patients. Infiltration/consolidation was the most common roentgenographic finding of the chest in 64.2%. Bronchoscopically, hypertrophy with luminal narrowing was the most common findings in 32.3% of the 322 patients and left main bronchus was the most frequently involved in 24.0%. Using fiberoptic bronchoscopy allows not only substantial meaningful assessment of endobronchial tuberculosis but also makes a differential diagnosis of lung cancer in older patients. We need further evaluations of standard bronchoscopic classification of endobronchial tuberculosis, diagnostic accuracy of endobronchial tuberculosis by PCR, a large prospective study of effects of corticosteroids in endobronchial tuberculosis patients, and appropriate treatment of atelectasis by endobronchial tuberculosis.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.274-278
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• 2019

Orbital tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, even in endemic areas. It may involve the soft tissue, lacrimal gland, periosteum, or bones of the orbital wall. We present a case of orbital tuberculosis on the lower eyelid. An 18-year-old woman with no underlying disease visited our clinic for evaluation of an oval nodule ($1.5{\times}1.2cm$) on the right lower eyelid. Incision and drainage without biopsy was performed 2 months ago in ophthalmology department, but the periorbital mass had deteriorated, as the patient had erythematous swelling, tenderness, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Visual acuity was normal; there were no signs of proptosis, diplopia, or ophthalmoplegia. Computed tomography revealed a small abscess cavity without bony involvement. We performed an excision and biopsy through a percutaneous incision under local anesthesia. Histological examination revealed a granuloma and was diagnosed as orbital tuberculosis. The patient was additionally treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy for 6 months and recovered without complication or recurrence by 7 months. Orbital tuberculosis occurs in patients with or without associated pulmonary tuberculosis, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with inflammatory orbital disease and an orbital mass. If recurrence occurs despite adequate initial treatment, we recommend an additional examination and excisional biopsy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.613-618
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• 2005

배 경 : 최근 들어 다제내성 폐결핵의 증가로 항결핵제 치료로만으로는 만족스러운 균음전율을 보여주지 못하고 있다. 이에 저자들은 수술을 시행한 환자를 분석함으로써 향후 다제내성 폐결핵의 치료의 한 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 방 법 : 국립마산병원에서 1994년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 10년간 다제내성 폐결핵으로 페절제술을 시행한 138례를 술전 환자의 특성, 술전 범위, 수술 방법, 합병증, 술후 추적관찰을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환자의 남녀비는 5.1:1으로 남자에서 많았고 평균연령은 42.6세이고 내성약제는 5.3개였다. 술전 객담에서 94례(68.1%)에서 균양성 소견이였고 128례(92.8%)에서 공동성 병소를 보였다. 수술술식은 24례에서 전폐적출술, 83례에서 폐엽절제술, 10례에서 쌍엽절제술, 19례에서 폐엽절제술과 구역절제술, 설상절제술, 2례에서 설상절제술과 공동성형술을 시행하였다. 술 후 균 음성율은 91.3%였다. 균 음전에 실패한 2례는 모두 공동성 병변이였고 균 음전 실패 후 항결핵제 변경과 재수술로 6례에서 균음전되었다. 재발한 10례 중 6례에서 항결핵제 변경과 재수술로 균음전되었다. 이상에서 술후 지속적인 약물 복용과 필요시 항결핵제 변경과 재수술로 높은 장기 균음전율(92.8%)을 보였다. 수술 후 치료 실패 및 재발한 22례는 전체적으로 술전 유병기간이 길었고 술전 치료 횟수 및 술전 내성약제가 많았다. 수술에 관련된 사망자는 없었고 술 후 합병증으로는 1주일 이상 지속되는 공기 유출이 6례, 출혈로 인한 재수술이 6례, 기관지 늑막루와 농흉이 8례, 사강이 16례, 무기폐가 1례, 상처 감염이 1례, 수술 부위에 낭종형성이 1례 등이 나타났다. 결 론 : 다제내성 폐결핵에 대한 수술의 적응증, 수술 후 처방, 수술 후 치료기간 등에 대한 많은 의견이 있지만 수술은 환자의 상태가 가능한 빨리, 가능한 적극적으로 시행하여 내과적인 치료와 병행함으로써 높은 치료 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.484-492
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• 2001

연구배경 : 폐결핵의 공동성 병변은 때때로 치료과정에서 어려움을 야기하는데 특히, 재치료환자의 경우 기존의 항결핵제에 반응을 잘 보이지 않는 경향이 있다. 이에 본 저자는 본원에서 진료를 받고 있는 공동성 병변을 가진 폐결핵환자를 대상으로 공동성 병변의 경과와 이와 관련된 요인을 살펴봄으로 폐결핵 특히, 공동성 병변을 가진 환자에 대한 엄상적 접근에 대한 지침을 마련하는데 도움이 되고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 8월 현재 본원에서 흉부 X-선 사진상 공동성 폐결핵으로 외래 혹은 입원치료를 받고 있거나 치료종결 후 추적관찰 중인 68명의 환자를 대상으로 환자의 의무기록, 검사소견 등을 근거로 성별 및 나이의 분포, 흉부 X-선 사진상 공동의 특성 및 경과, 본원에 내원하기 전 과거치료력, 이전 사용약제수, 내성약제수, 균음전화 시기 등을 관찰하여 공동성 병변의 경과와 이와 관련된 요인을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자들의 남녀 비는 3.9:1이였으며, 20대에서 40대 사이가 전체의 72.4%였다. 흉부 X-선 사진상 공동성 병소의 위치는 양측의 상폐야에 국한된 경우가 66.2%로 우상폐야에 36.8%, 좌상폐야에 29.4%의 소견을 보였다. 공동의 크기는 82.4%의 환지에서 40mm이하였고, 두께는 6mm이하의 경우가 83.8%였다. 적절한 화학치료를 시작한 후 최소 12개월 이상 흉부 X-선 사진상 공동의 경과를 관찰하는 중에 48례에서 공동폐쇄가 이루어졌으며, 20례에서 공동이 잔존하였다. 환자의 나이, 과거치료력, 미사용약제수, 그리고 감수성 약제수 등이 공동의 폐쇄 혹은 잔존에 영향을 미친 요인으로 분석되었다. 결 론 : 공동성 폐결핵의 치료경과 중에 환자의 나이가 45세 이상, 2회 이상의 과거치료력, 평균 6개 이하의 미사용약제, 그리고 평균 7개 이하의 감수성 약제 등이 공동의 폐쇄에 저해요인으로 생각되었다.