• 한국가금학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1987

본 시험은 broiler 사육에 있어 점등방법이 broiler 증체나 사료요구율에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 시판사료를 이용하여 1986년 4월3일부터 동년 3월 21일까지 49일간에 걸쳐 실시하였으며 broiler 감별 웅추 180수를 공시하였다. 시험구는 24시간 연속점등 방법(24L), 1시간 점등에 3시간씩 소등하는 간헐점등 방법(24L), 1시간 점증에 3시간씩 소등하는 간헐점등 방법(1L＋3D), 20시간 점등에 4시간 소등하는 방법(20L＋4D) 및 자연일조시간을 이용하는 방법(Natural)등 4개 처리하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전시험기간중의 증체량은 1L＋3D구가 가장 높았으며, 20L＋4D구, 24L구, Natural 구 순으로 낮아졌으나 각 처리간에 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 2. 전기 4주간의 증체량은 1L＋3D구와 20L＋4D구가 Natural구와 24L구보다 현저히 높았으나 각 추리간에 유의차는 없었다. 각 구별로는 1L＋3D구가 가장 증체량이 높았으며, 20L＋4D구, Natural 구, 24L 구 순으로 낮아졌다. 3. 후기 3주간의 증체량은 24L구, 1L＋3D구, 20L＋4D구, Natural구 순으로 낮아져서 전기와는 상이한 경향을 보였으나 각 처리간에 유의차는 없었으며 증체량도 거의 차이가 없었다. 4. 전시험기간중 사료요구율은 1L＋3D구가 가장 좋았으며, 20L＋4D구, Natural구, 24L구 순으로 나빠졌으나 각 처리간에 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 사료섭취량은 각 처리가 거의 같은 수준을 나타내어 각 처리별 점등방법이 공시계가 충분히 사료는 섭취하는 데는 시간이 부족하지 않았음을 알 수 있었으며, 사료 섭취후 일정시간 활동을 억제하는 것이 사료요구율 개선에 좋은 영향을 미쳤음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 전기 4주간의 사료요구율은 1L＋3D구와 20L＋4D구가 Natural 구와 24L구에 비하여 현저히 좋았으나 각 처리간에 유의차는 없었다. 각 구별로는 1L＋3D구가 가장 사료요구율이 좋았으며 20L＋4D구, Natural구, 24L구 순으로 나빠졌다. 6. 후기 3주간의 사료요구율은 1L＋3D구가 가장 좋았으며 24L구, 20L＋4D구, Natural구 순으로 전기와는 상이한 경향을 보였으나 각 처리간에 유의차는 없었으며 사료섭취량도 거의 차이가 나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 broiler에 있어 일정시간 점등과 소등을 계속하거나 일정시간 소등을 해주는 간헐점등 방법이 24시간 연속점등방법이나 자연일조시간 방법보다 증체량이나 사료요구율에 좋은 영향을 주는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.164-174
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• 1994

장기간의 수분 및 양료 stress를 받는 다섯 가지 주요 수종의 생리적인 대사 반응을 알아보기 위하여 상이한 토양수분 및 양료 조건의 pot에서 기른 실생묘의 시기적인 생육, 엽록소 함량 및 수분특성의 변화를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 상수리나무, 굴참나무, 신갈나무, 졸참나무 및 물푸레나무 실생묘를 내경 16cm, 깊이 16cm의 프라스틱 용기에 번식시켰다. 이들 묘목은 5월~9월까지 비닐 온실 내에서 건, 습 두가지 토양수분 조건 및 N+P+K 시비, 무시비의 두가지 시비 조건으로 조합 처리하였다. 환경 stress에 대한 반응을 분석하기 위해 5월, 7월, 9월에 묘고, 근원경, 엽록소 함량, P-V curve 모수들을 반복하여 측정했다. 수분 및 양료 부족에 따른 환경 stress는 묘목의 생육에 있어 수종, 생육시기 및 묘고와 근원경 간에 각기 다른 영향을 미쳤다. 상수리나무의 생육은 stress에 보다 예민하게 반응하여 감퇴되었지만 신갈나무는 나머지 수종에 비해 stress에 의한 생육부진 영향이 적었다. 엽록소의 함량은 생육기간 중 일반적으로 물푸레나무에 비해 참나무류에서 더 높은 값을 보였다. 엽록소 중 chlorophyll a의 함량은 0.14~1.96mg/g dry wt., chlorophyll b는 0.16~1.79mg/g dry wt. 내에서 생육기간 중 수종 및 처리 별로 변화했다. 그러나 엽록소 함량은 지속적인 환경 stress와 잎의 노화에 따라 점차 감소되었다. 최대포수상태와 위조점에서의 osmotic potential(${\Psi}{{\pi}o}$, (${\Psi}{{\pi}p}$)은 일부 예외는 있지만 각각 5월의 -7.0~-12.4bars에서 9월의 -10.2~-17.5bars로 3~5bars까지, 또한 5월의 -7.6~-14.2bars에서 9월의 -12.9~-20.4bars로 5~6bars까지 시간이 지나면서 감소했다. ${\Psi}{{\pi}p}$의 값은 일반적으로 5월 및 7월에 물푸레나무에서 높았으나 9월에는 졸참나무에서 높은 값을 보였다. 위조점에서의 상대수분함량 (RWCp)은 일반적으로 물푸레나무에서 높았지만 그 값의 시기적인 변화는 수종이나 처리 조건에 따라 상당한 차이를 보였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2012

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different frequencies of brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: The study included 22 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy distributed between 2 groups with different hygiene regimes. All the subjects received identical braces, bands, and brackets bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained before placement of the appliance and at 6, 12, and 18 weeks during the therapy. Saliva samples were cultured on selective microbial agar for the detection of microorganisms. Results: Salivary mutans streptococci were significantly suppressed throughout the experimental period in the group that brushed 4 times a day as compared to the group that brushed twice a day. Salivary lactobacilli were not significantly affected by the frequency of brushing with 0.32% sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste. Conclusions: The use of 0.32% NaF-containing toothpaste more than 3 times a day has effective antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci but not lactobacilli in the saliva of children with fixed orthodontic appliances.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.869-886
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• 2013

This work presents an experimental methodology specially developed for the nonlinear large-amplitude free vibration analysis of a clamped-free thin-walled metal column under self-weight. The main contribution of this paper is related to the developed experimental methodology which is based on a remote sensing technique using a computer vision system that integrates, on-line, the digital image acquisition and its treatment through special image processing routines. The main importance of this methodology is that it performs large deflections measurements without making contact with the structure and thus, not introducing undesirable changes in its behavior, for instance, appreciable changes in mass and stiffness properties. This structure presents, in most cases, highly non-linear responses, which cannot be reproduced by conventional finite-element softwares due, mainly, to the simultaneous influence of geometric and inertial non-linearities. To capture the non-linearities associated with large amplitude vibration and be able to describe the buckling process, the structure is discretized as a sequence of jointed coupled elastic pendulums. The obtained numerical results are favorably compared with the experimental ones, in the pre- and post-buckling regimes.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2014

Rearing experiments were conducted using several regimes combined with different photoperiods and water temperatures to investigate the role of temperature and photoperiod as environmental cues regulating reproduction in red marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius. The initial gonadosomatic index (GSI) was $1.62{\pm}0.32%$ and that in the $15^{\circ}C$ control was $7.01{\pm}0.46%$ at the end of the experiment. The highest GSI was $9.10{\pm}0.35%$ in the 12L:12D photoperiod-treated fish. The highest GSI at $19^{\circ}C$ was $15.03{\pm}0.86%$ in the 12L:12D photoperiod treatment. The initial hepatosomatic index (HSI) was $3.09{\pm}0.72%$ and that in the $15^{\circ}C$ control was $3.88{\pm}0.45%$. The highest HSI was $4.00{\pm}0.56%$ in the 15L:9D treated fish. The highest HSI at $19^{\circ}C$ was $4.05{\pm}0.63%$ in the 12L:12D treated fish.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nutrient density diets and sex on carcass and pork quality characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs(58.04 $\pm$ 6.85 kg) were divided into 2 groups(gilts and barrows), each sex group was assigned to 3 nutrient density(high : 18.5%, middle : 16.0% and low: 14.0% CP, respectively) and raised up to 1l0kg live weight. Each treatment had four replicates with three or five pigs per replicate. The treatments comprised the feeding regimes of 1) the low density diet for 60 days, 2) the middle nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a low nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days and 3) the high nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a middle nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days. Pigs were conventionally slaughtered, and then chilled overnight. Carcass characteristics and grades were determined on those carcasses, and pork loin muscle was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib for quality evaluation were evaluated. There were no differences in the carcass weight between sex and nutrient density. Dressing percent of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P< 0.05). Barrows showed a thicker back fat thickness than gilts. There were no difference in intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat and springiness between sex and nutrient density. Intermuscular fat of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). In the meat quality characteristics, there were no difference in general composition, meat and fat color between sex and nutrient density. pH of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). Cooking loss and shear force value of H-M(barrows) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P< 0.05). Purge loss of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). Myoglobin content of H-M treatment was significantly lower than L-L and M-L treatments(P< 0.05). Texture of H-M treatment was higher than L-L and M-L treatments. The content of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid were significantly higher in the barrows groups(P< 0.05). However, stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acid were significantly higher in the gilts(P < 0.05). Amino acid content of L-L treatment was significantly higher than M-L and H-M treatments(P < 0.05). In conclusion, carcass and pork quality characteristics were affected by sex and nutrient density.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2007

A $3{\times}3$ factorial design experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and duration of storage on the fermentation quality of potato pulp ensiled with two fungal inoculants under laboratory conditions. The inoculants, Rhizopus oryzae (R) and Amylomyces rouxii (A) were each added to potato pulp material to contain at least $1{\times}10^6$ CFU/g fresh matter, and silages without additives served as controls. The silages were stored under three temperature regimes; 4, 12 and $25^{\circ}C$. Three silos per treatment from every temperature regime were opened on days 7, 24 and 40 days after ensiling to investigate treatment effects on fermentation quality, starch and sugar concentrations. Increase in temperature and duration of storage had a positive significant effect (p<0.01) on the fermentation quality of potato pulp silage (PPS). The inoculants had little effect (p>0.05) on the fermentation quality of the silages. Sugar concentration in the silages decreased with increase in temperature (p<0.01) but increased (p<0.05) with progression of duration of storage. The fungal inoculants had no effect on starch degradation in PPS. The results suggest that storage temperature and duration of storage are more important in determining the rate of fermentation than addition of the fungal inoculants in PPS.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2001

Two rice cultivars of the japonica type, ozone-resistant Ilpumbyeo (IL) and ozone-susceptible Keu-mobyeo#l (KM) were exposed to ozone ($O_3$) at 0.15 ppm for 30 days. The available nutrient regimes were varied by doubling the supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) within a basic fertilizer status (N, P, K; 15, 12, 12 kg l0$a^{-1}$). There was little difference on plant height between ozone-treated and nontreated plants. The most significant ozone stress on tiller number was shown on the 30th day of ozone exposure. Slight recovery from ozone stress was noted on the 60th day. On the 30th day, tiller number was greatly decreased by 40.8% in IL and 64.6% in KM, whereas at a high nitrogen supply regime (2N), it was decreased by 21.4% in IL and 42.7% in KM as compared to the control not treated with ozone at basic fertilizer status. The inhibition of tiller production caused by ozone exposure was alleviated on the 60th day. In both cultivars, number of spikelets per plant and weight of 100 grains were affected little by the ozone treatment irrespective of nutrient regime. However, the number of panicles per plant and yield were reduced significantly. In both cultivars, yield of ozone-treated plants with 2N status was 12.4-16.1 % higher than that of the ozone-treated plants with basic nutrient status. A significant yield decrease of 47.8% and 33.4% was observed for IL and KM, respectively, in ozone-treated plants with higher potassium (2K) status.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2018

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with peripheral neuropathy, loss of sensation in the peripheral nerves, and weakness in the lower extremities. Methylcobalamin is the most effective analogue of vitamin B12 used to treat or prevent the complications associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. The current study aimed to compare the serum cobalamin levels after administration of two different regimes of methylcobalamin in peripheral neuropathy patients. Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized, comparative study. The study consisted of two parallel groups, group A (methylcobalamin $500{\mu}g$ injection intramuscularly three times a week) and group B (methylcobalamin $1500{\mu}g$ injection intramuscularly once a week). A control group of healthy volunteers was also included. Results: A total of 24 patients (12 in each group) were included in the study. Five healthy volunteers were also included as a control in each group. At the end of treatment, serum cobalamin levels were significantly (P = 0.028) higher in group A ($1892.08{\pm}234.50$) as compared with group B ($1438.5{\pm}460.32$). The serum cobalamin levels in Group A healthy volunteers were also two times higher than that of group B (P = 0.056). Both the LANSS scale and DN4 questionnaire reported similar results at end of treatment. Conclusions: The $500{\mu}g$ methylcobalamin thrice weekly regime is more effective in increasing the serum cobalamin levels as compared to the $1500{\mu}g$ methylcobalamin once weekly regime.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate crops in greenhouses and fields. Here, we investigated whether different wake-up treatments during a short period of 1~3 days just before indoor rearing has any effects on oviposition and colony development of $CO_2$-treated Bombus ignitus queens and artificially hibernated B. terrestris queens The wake-up regimes were defined as 16L for 1 day (16L-1), 16 L per day for 3 days (16L-3), 24L for 1 day (24L-1), or 24D for 1 day (24D-1). Among these wake-up treatments, the oviposition rate and preoviposition period of B. ignitus queens reared at 24L-1 were 16.7~25.1% higher and 1.0~3.5 days shorter than other wake-up treatments. B. terrestris queens reared at 24L-1 also showed the best results for egg-laying characteristics, which were 8.9~18.8% higher for oviposition and 0.6~3.5 days shorter for preovipostion period than other wake-up treatments. Furthermore, B. terrestris queens reared at 24L-1 were 17.5% and 13.8% higher in rate of colony foundation and queen production, respectively, than other wake-up treatments. These results show that the most favorable wake-up treatment just before rearing for egg-laying and colony developmental characteristics of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens was 24L-1. Overall, our findings indicate that a wake-up treatment just before rearing was effective for colony initiation and colony development of bumblebee queens.