• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.511-517
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different feeding regimes on the quality of deer meat (venison) following storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for various durations. Twelve 5-year-old elk stags about 350 kg were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments (three elk stags per treatment). The dietary treatments consisted of a feeding concentrate of 1.5% of body weight (T1), feeding concentrate of 1.8% of body weight (T2), feeding concentrate ad libitum (T3), or a home-mixed ration ad libitum (T4). The pH values of deer meat were not significantly different among treatment groups but were affected by duration of storage. Cooking loss increased under T4 treatment with increasing storage time at $4^{\circ}C$ (p<0.05). Increased storage time also resulted in significant decreases in shear force under T2 and T3 treatment compared to that under other dietary treatments (p<0.05). Lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$) parameters were not significantly different among treatment groups, but lower values of $a^*$ and $b^*$ were observed under T1 and T4 treatment with increasing durations of storage (p<0.05). The chemical and fatty acid composition had no significantly different among treatments. Therefore, meat quality was most affected by increased storage time at $4^{\circ}C$. These results may serve as the basis for further study of deer meat (venison) from Korea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.161-163
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• 2000

To assess effects of cold treatment on pupation and emergence of the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari, the larvae, which ceased feeding, were exposed to three different temperature regimes (2.5, 5 and 7.5$^{\circ}C$) and preservation periods (50, 80, and l10 days). The results indicated that pupation and emergence rates of A. germari were highest at $7.5^{\circ}C$ for 110 days, 40.7% and 37.0%, respectively, demonstrating that the effect of cold treatment on metamorphosis was approximately 3 to 4 fold stronger than that of nontreatment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 1999

This study measures the influence of grass cover on water use and shoot growth of apple trees growing under different soil water regimes in temperate climate conditions and evaluates monthly crop coefficients of such conditions during four months of the growing season in 1995. To do so, double pot lysimeter experiments of 3-year-old Fuji' apple (Males domestica Borkh.) trees under a transparent rain shield were designed and installed. Trees were triplicate under three soil water regimes: (A) drip-irrigation at -50 kPa of soil matric potential (IR50). (B) drip-irrigation at -80 kPa of soil matric potential (IR80), and (C) constant shallow water table at 0.45 m below the soil surface (WT45). In each treatment, two soil surface conditions were tested: the soil surface bare, and covered with turf grasses. Mean monthly water use increased with increasing soil matric potential for drip irrigation and was greatest in the WT45 treatment. Monthly crop coefficients increased linearly in time for drip-irrigated apple trees ($r^2$ values of $0.953^{***}$ for turf grass-covered system and of $0.862^{***}$ for bare surface system), while those obtained in the WT45 treatment fluctuated, Duncan's multiple range tests for shoot growth showed that grass-covered IR50 was most favorable to apple trees. while bare surface waterlogged situation was most adverse at least in part due to a lack of oxygen in the root zone. Mid-season leaf Kjeldahl-N was higher in drip-irrigated apple trees than in WT45 trees, while soil Kjeldahl-N was not different irrespective of treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1979

Egg masses of the root- knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. haply) were exposed to two different regimes of soil moisture (459 and 2459) and temperature ( -2$^{\circ}C$ and 33$^{\circ}C$), quite extreme condition in their natural environment, and their survival rate was compared. Three species did not show any difference in the rate when exposed to either soil moisture for 25 days, with the rate in the range of 8.6% to 10.4%. In response to temperature treatment, however, they differed : the best survival rate was obtained from M. incognita at high temperature ( 33"C) and from M, hapla at low temperature (-2$^{\circ}C$) plot. The third species (M. arenaria) was intermediate in both temperature regimes.imes.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.309-327
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• 2021

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are decision-making rules designed to provide personalized treatment to individuals in multi-stage randomized trials. Unlike classical methods, in which all individuals are prescribed the same type of treatment, DTRs prescribe patient-tailored treatments which take into account individual characteristics that may change over time. The Q-learning method, one of regression-based algorithms to figure out optimal treatment rules, becomes more popular as it can be easily implemented. However, the performance of the Q-learning algorithm heavily relies on the correct specification of the Q-function for response, especially in observational studies. In this article, we examine a number of double-robust weighted least-squares estimating methods for Q-learning in high-dimensional settings, where treatment models for propensity score and penalization for sparse estimation are also investigated. We further consider flexible ensemble machine learning methods for the treatment model to achieve double-robustness, so that optimal decision rule can be correctly estimated as long as at least one of the outcome model or treatment model is correct. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed methods work well with practical sample sizes. The practical utility of the proposed methods is proven with real data example.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1182-1185
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long light regime (20 h light and 4 h dark, 20L:4D) and short light regime (4 h light and 20 h dark, 4L:20D) on egg production and egg characteristics of laying geese. Thirty-six laying birds, 4 replicates of 3 birds per treatment were allotted to three light regimes, i.e., 20L:4D, 4L:20D, and natural light (NAT) from March 7 to June 20. Results showed that the geese in 20L:4D consumed 54 g less feed per goose daily and laid 17.5 less eggs per goose (p<0.05) comparing to those in 4L:20D. The number of days from initiation of light treatment till cease of laying was 22 days shorter (p<0.05) in 20L:4D comparing to that in NAT. Five geese (41.7%) in 4L:20D kept laying by the end of applying light regime. Weight and surface area of the eggs in 4L:20D were greater (p<0.05) comparing to those in the other two light regimes. It is concluded that the period of egg production in goose could be manipulated by light regime in the ways such as using short light regime of 4 h light daily to prolong egg production through summer and using long light regime of 20 h light daily to induce cease of egg production.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 1998

The growth of Phytolacca L. grown under three light regimes at three nutrient concentrations was analyzed. The effect of shading treatment on plnat growth was greater than that of nutrient treatment. Plant dry mass increased more than 5-fold during 21 days under 33% and 100% irradiances, whereas that was strongly reduced under 8% irradiance. Net assimilation rate decreased with plant growth irrespective of light and nutrient treatments, though the highest net assimilation rate was shown under 100% irradiance. Under 33% irradiance leaf area in plants supplied with nutrient solution increased to such extent as to compensate reduction in net assimilation rate, whic maintains almost identical growth rate with that under 100% irradiance. The relatonship between total plant nitrogen and leaf nitrogen content was dependent on the growth irradiance. Moreover, leaf nitrogen and specific leaf weight were also changed depending on the light and nutrient conditions. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the adaptive characteristics of Pokeberry plant to light and nutrient conditions may contribute to rapid extension of Pokeberry habital in Korea rocently.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.768-773
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• 2005

We present an overview of our new method of liquid crystal (LC) alignment based on the anisotropic etching of the alignment layers with a directed plasma flux. The method is realized by the use of anode layer source of "race track" geometry generating two "sheets" of accelerated plasma. These sheets are directed obliquely to the treated substrates. The static and dynamic irradiation regimes have been explored. The optimized processing conditions and materials are discussed. The technique yields an excellent uniformity of liquid crystal alignment of planar, tilted and vertical types. It is shown that the new method can be easily adapted for the alignment treatment of large area substrates used in the modern LCD manufacturing process.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-227
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• 2009

The feasibility of plasma electrolytic polishing technology of stainless steel was examined. The results show that austenitic stainless steel can be polished clearly using potentiostatic regimes with various concentration of ammonium sulfate ($(NH_4)_2SO_4$) solution above certain initial temperature. The equipment and deposition produces for polishing process are described and the effect of processing parameters on the characterizations polished-samples has been investigated.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.629-648
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• 2021

In this paper, we study a within-host mathematical model of HCV infection and carry out mathematical analysis of the global dynamics and bifurcations of the model in different parameter regimes. We explore the effect of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI) on spontaneous HCV clearance. The model can produce all clinically observed patient profiles for realistic parameter values; it can also be used to estimate the efficacy and/or duration of treatment that will ensure permanent cure for a particular patient. From the results of the model, we infer possible measures that could be implemented in order to reduce the number of infected individuals.