• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1100-1111
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• 2011

Two experiments under sham feeding conditions were conducted to determine whether or not ruminal distension brought about by feed boluses entering the rumen is a factor in the marked suppression of feed intake after 40 min of feeding. In experiment 1, a comparison was made between the intraruminal insertion of a water filled balloon (RIB) treatment and normal control (non-insertion of a balloon, NIB). In experiment 2, saliva lost due to sham feeding conditions was replenished via an intraruminal infusion of iso-osmotic artificial saliva. A comparison of dry forage intake was then conducted between the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-RIB) treatment, and the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and non-insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-NIB) control. In experiment 1, eating rates in the RIB treatment 30 min after the commencement of feeding tended to be lower than those in the NIB control. In comparison with the NIB control, cumulative dry forage intake in the RIB treatment was 29.7% less (p<0.05) upon conclusion of the 2 h feeding period. The secreted saliva weight in the NIB control and the RIB treatment during the 2 h feeding period was 53.2% and 60.9% total weight of the boluses, respectively. In experiment 2, eating rates in the RRIAS-RIB treatment 30 min after the commencement of feeding was significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in the RRIAS-NIB control. Cumulative dry forage intake in the RRIAS-RIB treatment was a significant 45.5% less (p<0.05) compared with that in the RRIAS-NIB control upon conclusion of the 2 h feeding period. The secreted saliva weight in the RRIAS-NIB control and the RRIAS-RIB treatment during the 2 h feeding period was 54.1% and 64.2% total weight of the boluses, respectively. The level of decrease in dry forage intake in the RRIAS-RIB treatment of experiment 2 was larger than that in the RIB treatment of experiment 1. In the present experiments, due to the sham feeding conditions, the increases in osmolality of ruminal fluid and plasma, and a decrease in ruminal fluid pH which are normally associated with feeding were not observed. The results indicate that the marked decrease in feed intake observed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period is related to ruminal distension caused by the feed consumed and the copious amount of saliva secreted during dry forage feeding.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.621-630
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• 2021

In this study, we attempted to compare the maceration processes in the white wine made of Muscat of Alexandria grape having different the fermentation· maceration periods. These wine were sampled and analyzed by fermentation periods. The pH of wines ranged from 3.25 to 3.27 and the total acidity of wines ranged from 0.85~0.91% (w/v) on the 12th day of fermentation period. The ethanol concentration in these wines increased during the alcoholic fermentation period, on the other hand, the soluble solid concentrations (°Brix) decreased. The b value (yellowness) of Muscat of Alexandria wine was the highest at 8.31 in C treatment, which is a wine with a long maceration period, and B (7.19) and A (5.27) were significantly decreased as the maceration period was shorter. The total polyphenol and tannin content of wine increased with the period of maceration. Total polyphenol and tannin contents had the highest values (64.20 and 67.11 mg%, respectively) in the C treatment, which is a wine with a long maceration period on the 12th day of fermentation period. The physiological activities of Alexandria wine were highest level in the treatment with a long maceration period. As a result, this study provides useful scientific information that quality characteristics and physiological activities in white wine.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2024

Objective : The treatment paradigm for acute ischemic stroke has undergone several major changes in the past decade, contributing to improved patient prognosis in clinical practice. However, the extent to which these changes have affected patient prognosis in the real-world is yet to be clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world impact of modern reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke using data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea. Methods : This study included patients aged 18-80 years who were admitted via the emergency room with an I63 code between 2011 and 2020. The rates of intravenous thrombolysis use and endovascular treatment according to the year of admission were investigated. Furthermore, the rates of decompressive craniectomy and 3-month mortality were also analyzed. The 10-year observational period was divided into three periods based on the 2015 guideline change as follows : prior, 2011-2014; transitional, 2015-2016; and modern, 2017-2020. Results : A total of 307117 patients (mean age, 65.7±10.9 years) were included, and most patients were male (59.7%). The rate of endovascular treatment gradually increased during the study period from 0.71% in the prior period to 1.32% in the transitional period and finally to 1.85% in the modern period. Meanwhile, the 3-month mortality rate gradually decreased from 4.78% in the prior period to 4.03% in the transitional period and to 3.71% in the modern period. Conclusion : In Korea, the mortality rate decreased as the rate of modern reperfusion therapy increased in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Overall, technical and scientific advances in reperfusion therapy have improved the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.502-514
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• 2012

When ruminants consume dry forage, they also drink large volumes of water. The objective of this study was to clarify which factor produced when feed boluses enter the rumen is mainly responsible for the marked increase in water intake in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period in large-type goats fed on dry forage for 2 h twice daily. Six large-type male esophageal- and ruminal-fistulated goats (crossbred Japanese Saanen/Nubian, aged 2 to 6 years, weighing $85.1{\pm}4.89kg$) were used in two experiments. In experiment 1, the water deprivation (WD) control and the water availability (WA) treatment were conducted to compare changes in water intake during and after dry forage feeding. In experiment 2, a normal feeding conditions (NFC) control and a feed bolus removal (FBR) treatment were carried out to investigate whether decrease in circulating plasma volume or increase in plasma osmolality is mainly responsible for the marked increase in water intake in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period. The results of experiment 1 showed that in the WA treatment, small amounts of water were consumed during the first hour of feeding while the majority of water intake was observed during the second hour of the 2 h feeding period. Therefore, the amounts of water consumed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period accounted for 82.8% of the total water intake. The results of experiment 2 indicated that in comparison with the NFC control, decrease in plasma volume in the FBR treatment, which was indicated by increase in hematocrit and plasma total protein concentrations, was higher (p<0.05) in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period. However, plasma osmolality in the FBR treatment was lower (p<0.05) than compared to the NFC control from 30 min after the start of feeding. Therefore, thirst level in the FBR treatment was 82.7% less (p<0.01) compared with that in the NFC control upon conclusion of the 30 min drinking period. The results of the study indicate that the increased plasma osmolality in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period is the main physiological stimulating factor of water intake during and after dry forage feeding in large-type goats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.596-604
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• 2005

Objectives : Geopungjeseub-tang(Gufengchushi-tang) has been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for hemiplegia caused by deficiency of qi(氣虛) and damp phlegm(濕痰). This study was performed to evaluate effects of Geopungjeseub-tang extract(GJT) on hemodynamics[regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP), heart rate(HR)] in normal rats and in rats with cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery(MCA) occlusion. Also, effects of adrenergic ${\beta}-receptor$, cyclooxygenase on response to GJT were evaluated. Methods : Laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF) measured changes of rCBF, MABP and HR. Video microscope and width analyzer measured changes in PAD. Results : rCBF and PAD increased after treatment with GJT(10mg/kg, i.v.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, and pretreatment with indomethacin raised rCBF and PAD increased after treatment with GJT during the same period as above. Pretreatment with propranolol decreased rCBF, but increased after GJT treatment, but raised PAD increased after GJT treatment during this period of reperfusion. Conclusion : CR caused diverse responses were observed in rCBF and PAD after treatment with GJT. ACF action is mediated by adrenergic ${\beta}-receptor$ and cyclooxygenase. Result suggest that GJT has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and has theraputic potential for cerebral apoplexy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.354-357
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• 1999

Hypothyroidism was induced in three age groups (8 months, 1 year and 2 years) of Black Bengal goats by administering thiourea subcutaneously for 30 days. From fourth day onwards the animals were observed to be in hypothyroid state. For 8 months age group, a control group of similar age was taken. For the 1 year and 2 years age groups there was no control group but the values obtained on the pre-treatment day were considered as control values. For confirming the establishment of hypothyroidism, peripheral plasma triiodothyronine $(T_3)$ and thyroxine $(T_4)$ were estimated in all the animals before and during the treatment period by radioimunoassay. In the thiourea treated 8 months age group the $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those in the control group during the treatment period. In all the thiourea treated groups the $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels observed during the treatment period were significantly (p<0.01) lower than the pre-treatment levels. A nonsignificant loss in the body weight was observed in all the thiourea treated groups whereas there was a significant growth in the control group of animals. The study indicates that hypothyroidism has a negative effect on growth in goats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.64-74
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of a Korean Medicine Treatment on 45 facial atopic dermatitis patients. Methods : Total 45 facial atopic dermatitis patients, who has visited korean medical clinic in year 2011 were analyzed by Objective SCORAD Index(OSI) and Investigator's Global Assessment(IGA). Subanalysis of OSI and IGA were done according to topical ointment user/non-user, treatment period and change in IGA distribution. Results : 1. Male and female percent was 20%:80%. 17.8% were teens, 55.6% were twenties, 13.3% were thirties, 13.3% were above age forty. 64.4% were on topical ointment treatment of corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitor, and 35.6% were not at the initial visit. Patients with family history were 44.4% and 62.2% had atopic dermatitis past history. 2. OSI and IGA were significantly lower after 1~3, 3~6, 6~9 month of treatment. Average post-treatment score was lower in longer-treated group. 3. IGA distribution has changed from average 3.42 at the first visit to 1.76 at final visit. 91.1% of total patients reported decrease in IGA at the final visit. 4. OSI and IGA improvement rate were significantly higher in non-topical ointment user than the user. Age, treatment period, initial OSI and IGA score difference were not significantly different. Conclusion : A significant percent of 45 facial atopic dermatitis patients who were treated with Korean Medicine Treatment reported decrease in OSI and IGA. The difference increased with the treatment period. Non-topical ointment users' improvement was significantly higher than topical ointment user.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.142-155
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a significant efficacy difference on infant and young child atopic dermatitis patients treated with Korean Medicine Treatment through 6 months between topical steroid used group and non-steroid group. Methods: The degree of atopic dermatitis was measured by the Objective SCORAD Index (OSI) with photographs of patients. Detailed analysis of the OSI score was compared based on the use of topical steroid. Results: 1. There was not a significant difference between the topical steroid group and the non-steroid group in regards of gender, age and initial OSI score. 2. The non-steroid group's OSI score decreased significantly from 50.17 to 29.20. 3. The topical steroid group's OSI score decreased significantly from 54.21 to 34.95. 76.19% of the patients in the topical steroid group discontinued steroid use within the 6-month period. The average time of discontinuation since the beginning of treatment was 3.36 months. 4. The OSI Improvement rate comparison of topical steroid group with non-steroid group did not show a significant difference over a 3-month and 6-month period. 5. Distribution of severe cases decreased in Both topical steroid and non-steroid group after 6 month treatment. Conclusions: The OSI score of infant and young child atopic dermatitis patients in both topical steroid and non-steroid group was decreased significantly with Korean medicine treatment through 6 months. There was no significant difference between topical steroid group and non-steroid group in OSI improvements over a 3-month period and 6-month period.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2002

PURPOSE: Estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for the relief of hot flushes and urogenital atrophy, the prevention of osteoporosis and the reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed by blood pressure, heart rate variability, and climacteric symptoms in menopausal women before treatment and at 1 month during estrogen replacement therapy. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 16 healthy menopausal women (range 49 to 59 years, mean : 53.4 years) attending menopausal clinics for the complaint of climateric symptoms at S. hospital in Chunchoen. They were all non-smokers and no patient had symptoms or evidence of cardiovascular disease. They took estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg with or without medroxy progesteron 2.5mg) for 1 month. Blood pressure, heart rate variability(heart period and vagal tone) through ECG, and climacteric symptom were measured in all subjects before treatment and at 1 month during treatment. Climacteric symptom questionnaire which was developed by Neugarten et al.(1963) was modified with 20 items of question(Cronbach's alpha = 88 -.89). The data was collected from Sept. 1. 2000 to July. 30. 2001. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic pressure between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The mean heart period and vagal tone were slightly increased, but difference of mean heart period and vagal tone were not statistically significant between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The score of climacteric symptoms decreased significantly from the baseline after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even though, this study did not show that estrogen replacement therapy led decrease of blood pressure and increase heart rate variability, climacteric symptoms reduced much in all subjects after taking drugs. These results suggest that there is need to repeat study with long term period.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.50-54
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• 2016

Regular dental visit of disabled patients is an important strategy for maintenance of oral health because of the lack of awareness of oral care. But there is limited information about follow up period in disabled patients after dental treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of dental visit and dental management of special care needs patients according to the types of disabilities. A total of 140 patients who received dental treatment at Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2010 to 2012 were reviewed. Patients were divided 3 groups according to the types of disabilities (disorder of external physical function, disorder of internal organ, psychic disability). Patient's characteristic, dental treatment performed, follow up period and frequency were investigated. The mean follow up period was 28.2 months and average frequency of visit was 3.69 times per year. There was no difference in period and annual visit between 3 groups, but significantly difference in cooperation with medical hospital in affiliation. Regular check-up was the most common dental treatment in all groups. In psychic disorder group, the proportion of sedative treatment was significantly higher than other groups. The results of this study provide information necessary for treatment planning and dental management of disabled patients.