• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 2001

The thirteen commercial insecticides to Lycoriella mali were investigated on their insecticidal activities and mycelial growth of two Letinula edodes strains. For the adults, insecticides showing over 95% insecticidal activity were chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenthion, fenitrothion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb and deltamethrin. For tile larvae, diflubenzuron and cyromazine showed over 90% insecticidal activity. Fenthion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect the mycelial growth of L. edodes strain, in Imhyup 1 variety. And deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect that in Sanlim-5. Insecticides showing over 80% residual effect for 14 days were benfuracarb to the adults and diflubenzuron and cyromazine to the larvae. Control effect of furathiocarb, fenthion, benfuracarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine against larvae of Lycoriella mali showed 90% ten days after application under sawdust cultivation. Among them, benfuracarb, fenthion and furathiocarb revealed excellent control effect against adults. These results indicate that benfuracarb, fenthion, and furathiocarb can be used for the control of Lycoriella mali in the field. However, further studies are needed on the effect of insecticides treatment oil fruit-body yield and chemical residue in the mushroom tissues.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2016

Red ginseng is known to have many beneficial effects. Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic drug, can cause many side effects like irreversible sensorineural hearing loss and serious tinnitus in humans. This study is aimed to reduce a cisplatin's side effect, nephrotoxicity by fermentated korean red ginseng. Korea ginseng was produced by steaming and dring and fermentation. And mice were divided into 4 groups- (A) normal mice, (B) Vehicle treated cisplatin mice, (C) RG0F0-treated cisplatin mice, (D) RG8F3-treated cisplatin mice. C and D groups were feed each material 200 mg/kg/day during 4 days. And cisplatin 20 mg/kg injected to B, C, and D groups as abdominal injection. After 24 h, blood sample was collected. The kidneys were harvested for histological, immuno histochemical and western blot analysis. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was depended on steaming hours. RG0F0 and RG8F3 (ginseng-8 h steamed and fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were showed antioxidants effect in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Component amounts according to steaming hours. 8 h steamed red ginseng had the most ingredients of ginsenoside. Treatments with RG8F3 reduced cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in the mice resulting in increase of GSH and decrease of ROS, BUN, creatinine, and inflammatory mediators. This result seems to be involved with the restriction of the inflammation in the kidney. Therefore, fermented red ginseng might have therapeutic efficacy in reduce kidney injury induced by cisplatin treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.100-113
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• 2017

Objectives: Bee Venom has been used to relieve pain and to treat various diseases, such as arthritis, cancer and skin disease. Although Bee Venom has used extensively in gynecological fields, we don't have enough evidence with it. This study is to investigate efficacy and safety of Bee Venom on women by investigating papers, then we are going to suggest the direction of research. Methods: We searched for papers which had Bee Venom from Pubmed, OASIS, Journal of Korean Obstetrics & Gynecology, Journal of Korean Medicine up to August 2017, then classified according to the type of studies. Results: Eleven papers have been finally selected. One paper was a case report about atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Four papers were in vivo studies about 1 endometriosis and 1 polycystic ovarian syndrome and 2 human cervical cancer. Among eight papers that were in vitro studies, four papers were reported about ovarian cancer and four papers reported about human cervical cancer. Among ten papers that were experimental studies, two papers have been studied both in vivo and in vitro. Most of studies have shown that Bee Venom is useful for gynecological disorders. Conclusions: It has been identified that Bee Venom could be a good treatment for female disorder. However, more clinical reports and well-designed studies will be needed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 1991

Twenty five patients with unresectable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung have been treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concomitant boost technique since September, 1989. Those patients with history of previous surgery or chemotherapy, pleural effusion or significant weight loss (greater than $10\%$ of body weight) were excluded from the study. Initially, 27 Gy were delivered in 15 fractions in 3 weeks to the large field. Thereafter, large field received 1.8 Gy and cone down boost field received 1.4 Gy with twice a day fractinations up to 49.4 Gy. After 49.4Gy, only boost field was treated twice a day with 1.8 and 1.4 Gy. Total tumor doses were 62.2 Gy for 12 patients and 65.4 Gy for remaining 13 patients. Follow up period was ranged from 6 to 24 month. Actuarial survival rates at 6, 12, and 18 month were $88\%,\;62\%,\;and\;38\%$, respectively. Corresponding disease free suwival rates were $88\%,\;41\%,\;and\;21\%$, respectively. Actuarial cumulative local failure rates at 9, 12 and 15 month were $36\%,\;43\%,\;and\;59\%$, respectively. No significant increase of acute or late complications including radiation pneumonitis was noted with maximum follow up of 24 month. Although the longer follow up is needed, it is worthwhile to try the prospective randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concomitant boost technique for unresectable non-small cell lung cancers in view of excellent tolerance of this treatment. In the future, further increase of total radiation dose might be necessary to improve local control for non-small cell lung cancer.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate potential weed control in organic farming field using false seedbed and stale seedbed techniques. The experiment was conducted in open upland fields during spring and fall crop seasons. The false seedbed was prepared before 2-4 weeks of crop culture and was treated with shallow tillage or flame weeding before transplanting. The weed suppression rates of false seedbed treatment in the spring crop experiments for Chinese cabbage, soybean, hot pepper and corn were 65-73%, 50-55%, 9-55% and 8-33%, respectively. According to crop growth and yield in this experiment, the false seedbed technique has some potential weed control for Chinese cabbage, soybean and corn. The weed suppression rates of stale seedbed treatments in the fall crop experiments for Chinese cabbage, spinach and carrot were 18-39%, 40-77% and 37-38%, respectively. Weed control efficacy of the stale seedbed in this study was lower, when compared with false seedbed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.732-736
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• 2006

Purpose : Numerous methods exist for diagnosing nonpalpable testis in treatment of cryptochidism. However, there is no clinically established data for the rational diagnostic tool of nonpalpable testis in terms of expenses. We tried to establish a current conventional diagnostic course of nonpalpable testis. We then evaluated the efficacy of ultrasonography, physical examination under general anesthesia and laparoscopy for diagnosing nonpalpable testis. Methods : Between March 2000 and February 2005, 103 boys(129 testes) with undescended testes were treated in our department. There were 31 testes(24.0%) that were not palpable at physical examination. These patients were evaluated with ultrasonography and repeated physical examination under general anesthesia. In the cases where testes could not be detected with ultrasonography and physical examination under general anesthesia, laparoscopy was performed to diagnose nonpalpable testis. Results : In 31 cases of nonpalpable testis, 13 testes were detected with ultrasonography and 15 testes became palpable with physical examination under general anesthesia. All of the remaining 16 nonpalpable testes were confirmed with laparoscopy. Conclusion : Physical examination under general anesthesia was superior to ultrasonography in making a diagnosis of nonpalpable testis. Ultrasonography and physical examination under general anesthesia could reduce the incidence of diagnostic laparoscopy. Therefore, it is recommended that ultrasonography, physical examination under general anesthesia and laparoscopy must be performed conventionally in order to diagnose nonpalpable testis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

Background & Objectives : The Speech Handicap Index (SHI) is used to assess speech problem of head and neck cancer patients. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the reliability and validity the Korean version SHI. Materials and Methods : Sixteen patients with oral cavity cancer and 26 normal control were participated in the study. Test-retest reliability of the Korean version of SHI was completed by 20 out of 42 subjects after 2weeks. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the Korean version of SHI scores between normal population and patients group. The relationship between the Korean version of SHI and diadochokinesis (DDK) was investigated using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results : The Korean version of SHI provided a high internal consistency (${\alpha}$=0.99) and test-retest reliability (Spearman rho 0.98). The mean SHI scores [total (T), speech (S), and psychosocial (P)] in normal population were 0.8 (T), 0.2 (S) and 0.4 (P), whereas those in patients group were 58.1 (T), 27.9 (S) and 27.0 (P) respectively. There were significant differences in total SHI score as well as in all of the sub-SHI scores between two groups. Moreover, significant correlation between the Korean version of SHI parameters (T, S, P) and sequential motion rate (SMR) were yielded in patients group. Conclusion : The Korean version of SHIwas reliable and valid. It can be useful as a supplementary clinical tool for diagnosing and measuring treatment efficacy of speech problems related to oral cavity cancer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2008

Purpose：Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is usually diagnosed as an advanced disease after an asymptomatic beginning, and it is related to a high frequency of lymph node metastases. An eventual negative outcome may occur not only because of possible locoregional failures but also for frequent distant metastases. Thus, the efficacy of induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy, with regards to the response, survival rate and complications for locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients, was examined. Methods and Materials：Since July 1998 to February 2001, 18 patients having locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy, and the results were retrospectively analyzed. The regimen of the induction chemotherapy was the 5-flurouracil(5-FU, 1,000mg/$m^2$ daily for 5 consecutive days) and cisplatin(100mg/$m^2$ on day 1) combination at 3-week intervals for 2 cycles. The total radiation dose for the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes was 68.4-72.0Gy(median：70.2Gy) Results：The 3-year overall survival rate and disease free survival rate were 31.3% and 22.2%, respectively. In 6 patients(33.3%), preservation of the larynx for over 3 years was possible. After the induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, a complete response was noted in 14 patients(77.8%), and a partial response in 4 patients (22.2%), with an overall response rate of 100%. Conclusion：Induction chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy is an effective treatment and larynx preservation rate was 33% in patients with locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma in our report.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.407-421
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• 2016

This paper reports a meta-analysis of sixteen studies that evaluated the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for persistent primary insomnia. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL and several Korean databases were searched between January 2015 and June 2015. The main search strategy involved the terms that indicate CBT-I (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Insomnia) and presence of insomnia. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias. Data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.3 program of Cochrane Library. Sixteen clinical trials met the inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 1503 participants. Stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep hygiene education, and cognitive restructuring were the main treatment components. CBT-I was conducted for a mean of 5.4 weeks, 5.5 sessions, and an average of 90 minutes per session. The effects of CBT-i on total sleep time (d=-0.31), sleep onset latency (d=-0.29), awakening time after sleep onset (d=-0.55), sleep efficiency (d=-0.70), insomnia severity (d=-0.77) and sleep belief (d=-0.64) were significant. Overall, we found a range from small to moderate effect size. CBT-I also was effective for anxiety (d=-0.30) and depression (d=-0.35). The findings demonstrate that CBT-I interventions will lead to the improvement of both sleep quality and quantity in patients with insomnia.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the anterior vaginal wall sling in the management of women with stress urinary incontinence. Materials and Methods: From January 1998 to December 1999, 42 patients(31 with genuine stress urinary incontinence and 11 with mixed urinary incontinence, 38 with anatomical incontinence and 4 with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency) underwent anterior vaginal wall sling at Yeungnam University Hospital were studied retrospectively. The mean age was 49.3 years(ranging from 34 to 66 years of age) and the mean follow-up period was 29.4 months(ranging from 16 to 40 months). Intra- and postoperative complication. success rate and patient's satisfaction were evaluated. Results: The mean operation time was 79 minutes(ranging from 65 to 124 minutes) and the mean hospital stay was 5.1 days(ranging from 4 to 10 days). Mean postoperative Foley catheter drainage was 2.1 days(ranging from 1 to 5 days). As a complication. bladder perforation occurred in one patient(2.4%). residual urine sensation developed in seven patients(16.7%), and suprapubic pain was complained in five patients(11.9%), which improved gradually. Vaginal epithelial inclusion cyst occurred in one patient(2.4%) at postoperative 31 months. Four(9.4%) patients with de novo instability were improved by anticholinergics medication. The success rate was 92.9% and 38 patients(90.5%) were satisfied with this procedure. Conclusion: We consider that the anterior vaginal wall sling to be a safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but a longer follow-up is necessary to determine long term effect.