• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.490-495
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• 2010

Objective : Bone cement augmentation procedures such as percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty have been shown to be effective treatment for acute or subacute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of bone cement augmentation procedures for long standing osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with late vertebral collapse and persistent back pain. Methods : Among 278 single level osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures that were treated by vertebral augmentation procedures at our institute, 18 consecutive patients were included in this study. Study inclusion was limited to initially, minimal compression fractures, but showing a poor prognosis due to late vertebral collapse, intravertebral vacuum clefts and continuous back pain despite conservative treatment for more than one year. The subjects included three men and 15 women. The mean age was 70.7 with a range from 64 to 85 years of age. After postural reduction for two days, bone cement augmentation procedures following intraoperative pressure reduction were performed. Imaging and clinical findings, including the level of the vertebra involved, vertebral height restoration, injected cement volume, local kyphosis, clinical outcome and complications were analyzed. Results : The mean follow-up period after bone cement augmentation procedures was 14.3 months (range 12-27 months). The mean injected cement volume was 4.1 mL (range 2.4-5.9 mL). The unipedicular approach was possible in 15 patients. The mean pain score (visual analogue scale) prior to surgery was 7.1, which decreased to 3.1 at 7 days after the procedure. The pain relief was maintained at the final follow up. The kyphotic angle improved significantly from $21.2{\pm}4.9^{\circ}$ before surgery to $10.4{\pm}3.8^{\circ}$ after surgery. The fraction of vertebral height increased from 30% to 60% after bone cement augmentation, and the restored vertebral height was maintained at the final follow up. There were no serious complications related to cement leakage. Conclusion : In the management of even long-standing osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture for over one year, bone cement augmentation procedures following postural reduction were considered safe and effective treatment in cases of non-healing evidence.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.401-404
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• 2002

A 6-month-old, male, American cocker spaniel was presented with severe pruritus, alopecia and head shaking. In physical examination generalized erythema, papules, scales and crust were observed. Otic discharge was dark-brown colored in both ear canals. After extensive dermatologic diagnostic evaluations, the infestation of scabies, ear mites, Malassezia spp, cocci were proved. Therefore, he was treated with selamectin 6 ㎎/㎏ which was applied to the skin in a single spot twice a week for 2 weeks in order to investigate the effect of selamectin on canine scabies and ear mites by this treatment protocol. When he was rechecked at 14th day after fourth being administered, scabies and ear mites wasn't seen. The dermatological signs, pruritus, papules were remarkably decreased and only slight scales were observed. After treatment of scabies and ear mites, the clavamox and koto-conazole was administered for cocci and Malassezia spp, respectively, for 1 week and topical therapy was initiated. with sebolytic and chlorhexidine shampoo once a week for 3 weeks. Two months later skin lesions were normal dermatologically and the hair was fully recovered. Despite of the expensiveness the selamectin is very effective in the dogs that infected by scabies and ear mites as this treatment protocol.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of walking on a treadmill while using dynamic functional electrical stimulation (Dynamic FES) on functional ability and gait in chronic stroke patients. This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. Twelve patients with chronic stroke (>24 months) who were under grade 3 in dorsiflexor strength with manual muscle test were included and randomized into intervention (Dynamic FES) ($n_1$=7) and control (FES) ($n_2$=5). Both the Dynamic FES group and FES group were given a neuromuscular development treatment. The Dynamic FES group has implemented a total of 60 minutes of exercise treatment and gait training with Dynamic FES application. The FES group, with the addition of applying FES while sitting, has also implemented a total of 90 minutes of gait training on treadmill after the exercise treatment. Both two groups accomplished the program, twice a week, for a total of 24 times in a 12-week period. Exercise treatment, gait training on treadmill, and both Dynamic FES and FES were implemented for 30 minutes each. Korean version activities-specific balance confidence scale (K-ABC) was measured to determine self-efficacy in balance function. Timed up and go (TUG) test was performed to evaluate the physical performance. K-ABC, TUG, Berg balance scale (BBS), modified physical performance test (mPPT) and G-walk were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, statistically significant differences (p<.05) were apparent in the Dynamic FES group in the changes in K-ABC and BBS. mPPT, TUG, gait speed, stride length and stance phase duration (%) were compared with the FES group. K-ABC had higher correlation to BBS, along with mPPT to TUG. Our results suggest that walking with Dynamic FES in chronic stroke patients may be beneficial for improving their balance confidence, functional ability and gait.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.52-58
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• 2006

Objectives: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), but the major limitation of CPAP may be poor compliance. The aims of the study were to investigate the compliance and side effects of CPAP, and to evaluate the efficacy of CPAP in patients with OSAS. Methods: This study enrolled 106 patients with OSAS who took the CPAP treatment. The severity of daytime sleepiness was measured using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and sleep quality and depressive symptoms were assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. Results: During 29 months of the study period, 41.5% of patients were using CPAP and 38.7% of patients stopped using it. Compared to non-compliant patients, compliant patients had a higher PSQI score and obstructive apnea index. Among non-compliant patients, 51.2% of them stopped using CPAP within 1months. 85.7% of non-compliant patients were discomforted by the CPAP, but much more nasopharyngeal symptoms were reported in the compliant group. ESS (p<0.01), PSQI (p<0.01) and BMI (p<0.01) were reduced significantly after CPAP treatment but not BDI (p=0.86). Conclusions: We concluded that CPAP can reduce the daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep disturbance, and body mass index. To increase the compliance of CPAP, we suggest that some education and support are needed at the early stage of the CPAP treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 2010

Background : To demonstrate the efficacy of moxibustion therapy, randomized controled trials are required. But, clinical trials of moxibustion had limitations due to the absence of a sham moxibustion model for an appropriate placebo. Objectives : To develop a new sham moxibustion model based on the thermal characteristics of commercial indirect moxibustion, especially temperature, and to evaluate whether it could be applied in clinical trials. Methods : By applying heat insulation, we created a sham moxibustion device that was indistinguishable from a real one with the naked eye. It also stimulated heat but had inert remedial value. A clinical trial was performed on subjects to test double blinding. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, a treatment group and a sham group. Acupoint Zusanli($ST_{36}$) was used in each group for 3 times. A sham acupuncture credibility questionnaire was modified into a moxibustion credibility questionnaire and was filled out after treatment. Results : No major difference was detected in the subjects' baseline data. Most subjects and practitioners could not distinguish the sham moxibustion device from the real one. But, subjects who had experience of moxibustion therapy more likely to distinguish the sham moxibustion device from the real one than subjects who didn't have experience of moxibustion therapy. The treatment group showed a significant difference in the VAS(Visual Analog Scale) for intensity of sensation during treatment than that of the sham group. Conclusions : The sham moxibustion device in this study is proved sufficient and credible to be applied in investigations of the effect of moxibustion. But it is more appropriate for the people who don't have experience of moxibustion therapy.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.53
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• pp.231-255
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of social work intervention for the family caregivers of the older persons with stroke. Twelve caregivers were assigned to either a treatment group or a control group. The treatment group intervention consisted of 8 weekly, 2-hour sessions which included education, peer and professional support, individual counselling. Wilcoxon test of the pretest and posttest scores of the two groups showed that those in the treatment program experienced significant decrease in caregiving burden and loneliness compared with caregivers who received no intervention. They also experienced increase in self-esteem, self-efficacy in dealing with caregiving tasks, satisfaction with a relationship with the care-receiver, emotional support. Most of these intervention effects were maintained in the 3-month follow-up measurement except loneliness and the caregiver-carereceiver relationship. Caregivers in the treatment group showed overall satisfaction with the program and willingness to continue to attend in the interventions. Based on these findings, implications for social work practice including self-help groups, psychotherapy for the caregivers, expanding social work intervention for the family caregivers of the older persons were discussed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 2003

We investigated the efficacy of heat shock treatments to improve storage quality of green red pepper. Green red pepper were stored at 10$^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks after no treatment (control) or hot water dips at 50-65$^{\circ}C$ for 10s. Treatments at 65$^{\circ}C$ generally caused high levels of heat injury on the surface of fruit. The hot water dips had no effect on firmness, Hunter ‘a’ and ‘b’ values and viable cell count by 3 weeks of storage. But color of fruit changed toward darker and redder direction and firmness was decreased by heat treatment at 4 weeks of storage. The contents of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were not caused significant influence by different heat treatment, were decreased through the storage. The optimal hot water dip condition for maintaining fruit quality after prolonged storage was found to be 55$^{\circ}C$ for 10s, which can lead to reduced chilling sensitivity of green red pepper.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.927-934
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• 2014

Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid originally derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis, has been shown to possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, but not most normal cells and has shown efficacy in a phase 2 clinical trial, development of resistance to TRAIL by tumor cells is a major roadblock. Our previous study indicated that treatment with TRAIL in combination with subtoxic concentrations of sanguinarine sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant human gastric carcinoma AGS cells; however, the detailed mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we show that sanguinarine sensitizes AGS cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis as detected by MTT assay, agarose gel electrophoresis, chromatin condensation and flow cytometry analysis. Combined treatment with sanguinarine and TRAIL effectively induced expression of death receptor (DR) 5 but did not affect expression of DR4 and mitogen activated protein kinases signaling molecules. Moreover, the combined treatment with sanguinarine and TRAIL increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, N-acetylcysteine, ROS scavenger, significantly recovered growth inhibition induced by the combined treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that sanguinarine can potentiate TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through upregulation of DR5 expression and ROS generation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

This study was conducted to develop labor-saving pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation through a single application of mixed formulation of an insecticide imidacloprid coated on a slow release urea. The release of both total nitrogen and imidacloprid into water was delayed with increasing adhesive.Imidacloprid was released out 95% within 24 hours, whereas total nitrogen released in mixed formulation until 40 days was released less extent by increasing adhesive. There was no difference between pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation and coated urea thereafter. The content of $NH_4-N$ in the soil treated with pesticide and urea seperating was higher until 10 days but gradually decreased compare to that of pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation or coated urea. The population density of nitrate reducing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in soil after treatment were lower in the pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation and coated urea than those of pesticide and urea separate treatment. The residue of imidacloprid in soil was slightly higher in the treatment of pesticide alone than the pesticide-fertilizer mixed formulation and pesticide and urea seperating treatment. The population and control efficacy of small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, were not significance different among treatments.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the effect of external application containing herbal extracts (Betula platyphyllae Cortex, Viticis Fructus, Agrimoniae herba) to patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : Twenty patients (experiment group) were treated with the external application containing herbal extracts (Betula platyphyllae Cortex, Viticis Fructus, Agrimoniae herba) and other twenty patients (control group) were treated with normal external application that doesn't contain herbal extracts for 2weeks. We observed comparisons between experiment and control group after 1week, 2weeks. Degrees of severity of atopic dermatitis were measured by SCORAD index (Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index). Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05). Results : 1. After 1week of external application treatment, SCORAD Index in experiment group was significantly decreased comparing with control group, which is a marginally significant result between two groups. But after 2weeks the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. 2. After 1week of external application treatment, Intensity Criteria (Erythema, Edema/papulation, Total) in experiment group was significantly decreased comparing with control group, which is a statistically significant result between two groups. But after 2weeks the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. 3. After 1week and 2weeks of external application treatment, comparison of changes in Subjective Symptoms (Pruritus, Insomnia) indicated that the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. 4. After 1week of external application treatment, Total Quality of life through Skindex-29 in experiment group was significantly decreased comparing with control group, which is a marginally significant result between two groups. But after 2weeks the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. Conclusions : As a result of applying the external application containing herbal extracts to patients with atopic dermatitis and watching the progress, we can speculate that the external application containing herbal extracts has especially short-term therapeutical effects in mitigating the symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis. Thus, it is concluded and considered that the external application containing herbal extracts can be used by atopic patients effectively with almost no side-effect.