• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-35
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• 2006

Objectives : Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus(HNP) of Cervical is the most important reason that causes Cervical pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Carthmi-Flos Herbal acua-acupuncture therapy for Cervical disc Herniation patients. Methods : To evaluate the effectiveness of Carthmi-Flos Herbal acua-Acupuncture Therapy, 20 patients were treated by Carthmi-Flos Herbal acua-acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment, we used Quardruple Visual Analog Scale (QVAS). Results & Conclusion : 1. As a objectivity treatment record, they test treatment record good 35%, fair 35%, excellent 30%. 2. After Carthmi-Flos acua-acupuncture therapy, pain rate changed from 8.80 to 5.40 3. By the results which puts out the statistics in sex , a pain rate of male changed from 8.57$({\pm}1.51)$ to 2.71$({\pm}2.63)$, a pain rate of female 8.92$({\pm}0.95)$ to 3.77$({\pm}2.09)$. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. 4. By the results which puts out the statistics in age, after forties changed from 9.07$({\pm}0.88)$ to 3.80$({\pm}2.43)$ and before forties changed from 8.00$({\pm}1.58)$ to 2.20$({\pm}1.30)$. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. 5. By the results which puts out the statistics in Duration, pain rate of the acutest group changed from 8.36$({\pm}1.12)$ to 2.18$({\pm}1.08)$, pain rate of the subacute group changed from 9.80$({\pm}0.45)$, to 5.20$({\pm}2.68)$, pain rate of the chronic group changed from 8.67$({\pm}1.53)$ to 3.33$({\pm}1.53)$. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. 6. By the results which puts out the statistics in the reading of Lumbar MID, pain rate of the Bulging type changed from 9.00$({\pm}1.05)$ to 4.30$({\pm}2.67)$, pain rate of the Protruded type changed from 8.50$({\pm}1.00)$, to 3.50$({\pm}1.29)$, pain rate of the Extruded type changed from 6.00 to 1.00, pain rate of the Mixed type changed from 9.20$({\pm}0.84)$ to 2.00$({\pm}1.23)$, Intentional difference is none as a therapy.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

Anterior knee pain syndrome would best be defined as a painful condition that arises in or around the patellofemoral joint and is insidious in onset and bilateral, with an enigmatic entity with multiple causes. Although its etiology is uncertain, the cause is often considered to be abnormal lower limb biomechanics, pathology of extensor mechanism, disorder of patellofemoral joint, malalignment or lateral tracking of the patella, soft tissue tightness, muscle weakness. The measurement of patellar alignment has come to be accepted as an integral part of the examination of anterior knee pain syndrome. Various measurement techniques exist, both clinical and radiological, and these have been frequently used in the diagnosis and treatment of the condition.?Treatment depends on the underlying cause of anterior knee pain and should be directed to the cause rather than to the results. Most often, this involves non-surgical measures, such as anti-inflammatory medications, quadriceps exercises, and hamstring stretching. Shin splint, or medial tibial stress syndrome refers a syndrome of pain running along the inner distal 2/3 of tibia shaft. Shin splint is a common problem for athletes whose sport involves a repeated, jarring impact to the leg. A major factor determining the efficacy of the treatment is that correct diagnosis be made of the problem. The varied etiology has led to the development of several theories as to the cause, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of shin splint. The management is rest, ice massages, pain relief by medication, and muscle strengthening exercise. Proper rehabilitation and preventative measures can ensure that there is no further recurrence.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2015

Polycan originating from Aureobasidium pullulans is mostly composed of β-1, 3/1, 6 glucans and possesses an anti-osteoporotic effect. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy and safety of the polycan on bone biochemical markers in healthy perimenopausal women. Sixty subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups-group 1 received 400 mg of polycan and group 2 received placebo-these were administered once daily for 28 days. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was change in osteocalcin (OSC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Changes in calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx), N-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (NTx), and deoxypyridinoline (DPYR) were the secondary outcomes. A safety assessment was performed using adverse event (AE) and laboratory data. After 4 weeks of polycan treatment, OSC, DPYR, and BALP levels changed (P < 0.05) significantly from baseline in both groups. However, no significant differences were observed in any markers between the 2 groups, except for P (P < 0.05). Interestingly, group 2 showed a significant increase in CTx (65.2%, P < 0.05), while CTx in group 1 slightly increased (17.2%). Both groups showed no significant differences in AE. Although 4 weeks of polycan treatment did not have a statistically significant effect on bone metabolism biomarkers, increases in CTx were modestly inhibited by polycan. Further studies in a large population and longer treatment periods are needed to confirm the effect of polycan on bone turnover.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2013

A survey conducted on 1,103 patients or caretakers visited Korean medical clinics and hospitals between August 25, 2011 to September 30, 2011 by the Ministry of Health and Welfares and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs was analyzed and obtained following results: 1. For sociodemographic distribution, female(813) outnumbered male(290) patients with majority of patients ranging from 30s to 60s. Married patients(793) outnumbered unwed(150) patients and 65.0% with higher than high school education. Statistical significance was seen in gender, age, marital status, and education level but no significant difference for status of employment, income level, and types of insurance between the clinics and hospitals. (P<0.05). 45.1% had less than \2,000,000 in monthly salary and most of coverage was provided by either regional or work insurance. 2. 67.9% of the patients rated health conditions to be better than average and 32.1% listed as poor. People in good health showed tendency to visit Korean medical facilities. Musculo-skeletal conditions such as arthritis, ankle sprain, lumbago, muscular injury, and frozen shoulder were common conditions, followed by gastric disorders, common cold and herbal tonics. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals for above conditions, but significance was seen in atopic dermatitis, stroke, and sequela from traffic accidents (P<0.05). 3. Ten most common conditions addressed at Korean medical facilities were lumbago, arthritis, muscular injury, back sprain, gastric disorders, ankle sprain, common cold, herbal tonics, frozen shoulder and stroke. Major treatment modalities rendered were herbal medicine, herbal supplements, acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, tuina, and Korean midical physical therapy. No significant difference existed between the clinics and hospitals. 4. All modalities showed at least 85% effectiveness. No statistical significant difference between the clinics and hospitals except for herbal decoction. (P=0.0452) 5. 88.3% of responses showed treatment satisfaction with significant difference between the clinics and hospitals (P=0.002). The occurrence of side effects was at 2%, mostly corning from treating digestive, skin, kidney disorders and neurological issues. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals. From the above results, the typical population visiting Korean medical facilities can be summarized as being middle aged female with relatively higher education and moderately low income. The health condition is generally good and the purpose of visit is to receive traditional treatments of acupuncture, herbal medicine, and physical therapy. Treatment efficacy and satisfaction were high with no significant differences between the clinics and hospitals.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.424-427
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• 2015

Damping-off is a critical disease on ginseng seedling, which caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. The disease has been prevented by tolclofos-methyl for the last 20 years. However, the tolclofos-methyl usually detected on the harvested roots of 6-year-old ginseng. Herein, we tried to select an alternative pesticide which not only must be safe but also efficiently inhibits the fungal pathogen. Four fungicides (fludioxonil, flutolanil, pencycuron, and thifluzamide) were applied to their inhibition efficacy against the pathogen. In in vitro test, fludioxonil treatment showed 80% inhibition activity for 25 days. Thifluzamide and flutolanil showed the activity for 10 days. Pencycuron showed for 1 days. In addition, the fludioxonil was more effective to control the pathogen comparing to other three fungicides in field. The incidence of damping-off was reduced to 71% by fludioxonil treatment. The level of the fungicide residue in seedling was 0.44 mg/kg, which value will be a negligible level in final products after 5 years. Consequently, the fludioxonil is a conceivable alternative for tolclofos-methyl to cope with R. solani.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2017

Susceptibility and persistence of Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus adults, and acute contact toxicity, foliage contact toxicity, and residual toxicity to honeybee, Apis mellifera were evaluated by using 5 kinds of neonicotinoid pesticides. All neonicotinoids pesticides showed over 80% mortality 48 hour after body spray treatment. However, only 2 kinds of acetamiprid ME and acetamiprid+buprofezin showed over 80% mortality in the twig dipping treatment. All of the five neonicotinoides pesticides used in M. alternatus adults showed residual effect of 60-80% mortality, but the efficacy decreased rapidly after 1 day of treatment. Acetamiprid ME showed the lowest toxicity in the acute and foliage contact toxicity test of A. mellifera. The residual toxicity of leaves on A. mellifera was very low in acetamiprid ME and acetamiprid+buprofezin. However, the residual toxicity of all pesticides treatments decreased to 10-30% after 1 day of treatment and further decreased with time. These results indicate that acetamiprid ME among five neonicotinoid agents showed a high insecticidal activity in the M. alternatus adults, while it exhibited relatively low contact and residual toxicity in the A. mellifera. It is thought that acetamiprid ME can be effectively used for the control of the M. alternatus adults as vector of pine wilt disease.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

Purpose: Complete rupture of metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament of thumb needs surgical exploration and repair, owing to the interposition of the adductor aponeurosis (Stener lesion) which interferes in healing process. We performed arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment on ulnar collateral ligament injury of thumb and evaluated it's efficiency. Materials and Methods: Arthroscopy was perfomed on 13 patients of whom injured on complete ruture of metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament. Follow-up period was over 1 year and mean age was 35.6 years old. Ulnar collateral ligament tears and Stener lesion were diagnosed and treated by arthroscopy procedure. Results were interpreted by joint instability, pinch power, grip power and range of motion on metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb. Results: We found 5 Stener lesions in 13 cases. There was no appreciable postoperative instability. Pinch and grip power were recovered to 92%, 94% of uninjured thumb respectively. Range of motion on metacarpophalangeal joint was mean $52^{\circ}$, almost equal to uninjured thumb. Conclusions: Arthroscopic treatment in metacapophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament injury of thumb is useful method that Stener lesion can be clearly comfirmed and treated. Also soft tissue injuries can be minimized, thereby early functional recovery can be expected.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2006

Objective : Although management of asthma has become increasingly effective, its cure remains elusive, necessitating a new modality to prevent or eliminate causes triggering clinical progress. Based in the clinical experiences, a novel decoration Cheongsangbiyeum (CSB), has been developed to treat asthma, which consists of Polyporus, Semen Myristicae, Pericarpium citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Cortex Albizziae, Fructus Rubi, Rhizoma Zedoariae, and Rhizoma Rhei. In the current study, its anti-asthmatic efficacy was evaluated using a mouse model of asthma. Methods : Experimental allergic asthma was induced by repeated intraperitioneal sensitization and intranasal challenge of ovalbumin (OVA). Water extract of CSB (1 mg/mouse/day) was administrated orally whereas control mice on given with identical volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 5 days during the course of antigen challenge. When airway hyperreactivity(AHR) measured by ${\bata}-methacoline-induced$ airflow obstruction was compared, AHR of CSB-treated mice was significantly lower than those of control mice, indicating that CM extract can attenuate an asthmatic symptom. Airway recruitment of leukocytes and eosinophils was also markedly reduced by CSB treatment suggesting that oral treatment of CSB can alleviate the airway inflammation. For a better understanding of possible mechanisms underlying anti-asthmatic effet of CSB, cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and $IFN{\gamma}$ levels in bronchoalveola lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were determined. Results : The results showed that cytokine levels were significantly lowered by CSB treatment. Additionally, number of draining lymph node cells was significantly lower than those of control mice. These data indicate that CSB suppress in vivo allergen-specific response. However, notably, levels of type 2 cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13 were more profoundly influenced. Moreover, in vitro OVA-specific proliferative response and type 2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) production lymph node cells was markedly decreased in CSB-treated mice, whereas their $IFN{\gamma}$ production was not significantly altered Thrse data clearly showed a preferential inhibition of type 2 T cell (Th2) response by CSB treatment. This finding was also supported by serum antibody data showing that levels of OVA-specific type 2 antibodies, IgE and IgG1, in CSB-treated mice were significantly lower than in control mice, while type 1 antibody, IgG2a level m rather higher than controls, although the difference was in significant. Conclusions : In conclusion, oral administration of CSB attenuates asthmatic manifestations including AHR ad airway recruitment of eosinophils in a mouse model which possibly results from selective inhibition of Th2 cell response to allergen. Our data suggest a potential clinical application of CSB for control of allergic asthma.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.13-25
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• 2004

Objective : Herniation of Nucleus Pulpous(HNP) of Lumbar is the most important reason that causes low back pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Bee-venom acua-acupuncture therapy for protrusion disc patients. Methods : To evaluate the effectiveness of Bee-Venom Acupuncture Therapy, 20 patients were treated by bee-venom acua-acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment, we used Quardruple Visual Analog Scale(QVAS). Results : 1. As a objectivity treatment record, they test treatment record good 60%, fair 25%, excellent 15%. 2. After bee-venom therapy, pain rate changed from 8.25 to 2.15. 3. By the results which puts out the statistics in sex, a pain rate of male changed from 8.75 to 2.50, a pain rate of female 7.92 to 1.92. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. By the results which puts out the statistics in age, after forties changed from 7.78 to 2.22 and before forties changed from 7.90 to 1.92. By the results which puts out the statistics in disc herniation, pain rate of central type changed from 8.29 to 2.29, pain rate of left type changed from 8.20 to 1.40, pain rate of Right type changed from 8.00 to 4.00.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.2101-2105
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• 2013

Background: Long-term survival is a problem with locally advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinomas. Sunitinib malate is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but data on sunitinib use as a second line treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are limited. Prognostic and predictive value of peripheral blood markers has been shown for many cancers. Materials and Methods: Efficacy and safety profiles of sunitinib after interferon alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$) were evaluated based on retrospective data for 23 patients with mRCC. Hematological parameters (neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, mean platelet volume, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio) were recorded at the time of metastasis. It was evaluated whether hematological parameters were prognostic and predictive factors. Results: Median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 16.5 months (95%CI: 0-34.5). Median overall survival (OS) time was 25.7 months (95%CI: 10.8-40.0). Most common side effects were neutropenia (52.2%), stomatitis (26.1%) and hand-food syndrome (26.1%). PFS was found 3.13 vs 17.1 months in patients with neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR)>3 vs $NLR{\leq}3$ (p:0.012). Median OS was 6.96 vs 27.1 months in patients with NLR>3 vs $NLR{\leq}3$ (p:0.001).While 75% of patients who responded to sunitinib had $NLR{\leq}3$, in 72% of patients with no response to sunitinib NLR>3 was detected (p:0.036). The association between the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) criteria and NLR was statistically significant (p:0.022). Conclusions: Data on second line sunitinib treatment following cytokine in mRCC are limited. In our study, we observed second line sunitinib treatment following IFN-${\alpha}$ to be effective and tolerable. NLRappeared to have prognostic and predictive value.