• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.952-958
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• 2009

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted the ballast water management convention at a diplomatic conference in early 2004 that all ships should be equipped with a treatment system from 2010 gradually. In this paper, the disinfection characteristic of ultra-violet (UV) rays was studied and a ballast water treatment system (BWTS) which can treat $50m^3$/h sea water was manufactured. The system consists of a disinfection chamber with six 3.5 kW UV lamps which are operated by magnetic ballasts, a programmable logic controller (PLC) and set of pipe lines. The biological disinfection efficacy of the prototype BWTS was evaluated following the IMO rules using zooplankton such as Artemia and Rotifer species for the size over $50{\mu}m$, and phytoplankton such as Tetraselmis and Thalassiosira species for the size between 10 to $50{\mu}m$. From the experimental results, the disinfection efficacy was 99.99 % that meets the IMO requirement. However, more studies on an energy saving system are needed because the consumption power of the prototype system is as high as over 21 kWh for $50m^3$/h.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.23
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• pp.77-93
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• 2002

There are several methods of pest control for the prevention of wooden cultural properties from damages caused by insects, especially termites. Those are as follows; physical control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management. In Korea, we primarily use mvestigation of monitoring, fumigation, treatment of insecticidal and antiseptic chemicals, soil termiticide treatment, and termite colony elimination system. As damages by termites were detected at Eunghyanggak and Saundang of Haeinsa temple in June, 1998, we carried out monitoring with wooden device, in order to investigate damages of wooden building by termite and paths of termite invasion. According to the result of investigation of monitoring from1999 to 2002, we found that termites were inhabiting continually at forests around Haeinsa and that wooden buildings such as Saundang, Cheonghwadang were damaged by termites. So we thought that control methods such as soil termiticide treatment and termite colony elimination system would be effective. Especially, to investigate efficacy of termite colony elimination system, we carried out efficacy test of termite colony elimination system in Jongmyo during 17 months(2000.7.~2001.11.). The result of efficacy test showed that termite colony elimination system eliminated termite colonies gradually(over 12 months from installation of colony elimination system to elimination of termite colony).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.104-121
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medication for the treatment of functional abdominal pain in children by analyzing randomized controlled trials conducted in China. Methods Literatures from China National Knowledge Infrastructure published up to 23 November, 2020 were searched. Then they were collected and analyzed by their publication year, demographic information, treatment methods used, duration of illnesses, duration of treatments, follow-up periods, outcome measurement and adverse events. Results A total of 27 studies were selected for the analysis. In all studies, the total efficacy of the herbal medicine treatment group was reported to be higher than that of the control group. The most frequently used medical herb was Root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer (甘草). The most frequently used classes of herbal medications are Qi regulating medicine (理氣藥), Qi tonics (補氣藥), Aromatic wet medicine (芳香化濕藥), and Digestant (消食藥). The adverse events rate for the herbal medicine treatment group were significantly lower than those in the Western medicine treatment group. Conclusions This study showed that herbal medicine treatment can be effective and safe option for treating pediatric functional abdominal pain. However, additional well-designed clinical studies are needed to solidify the findings.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.180-191
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this clinical report was to investigate the general characteristics of the patients with nasal polyps and estimate the efficacy of the oriental medical treatment on nasal polyps. Methods : We performed a clinical analysis of 50 patients who visited Kabsan oriental clinic due to nasal polyps. We inquired into distribution of age, sex, operation history related to nose, grade of nasal polyps, efficacy of treatment, etc. Results and Conclusions : 1. The sex ratio was 2.3 : 1. The average age was 40.02 years. 2. In the nasal operation history, inexperienced patients were 35 cases and experienced patients were 15 cases. 3. In the region of nasal polyps, there were 35 cases of bilateral types of nasal polyps, which is mon than in unilateral types. In the number of nasal polyps, multicentric types of 26 cases were similar in the number with solitary type of 24 cases. 4. In the predisposing or concomitant diseases, chronic sinusitis was the most frequent followed by allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, septal deviation chronic otitis media, asthma, tonsilitis and allergic dermatitis. 5. In the main symptoms, nasal obstruction was the most important. In the concomitant symptoms, patients had frequent rhinorrhea, smell disturbance, postnasal drip, headache, etc. 6. The average treatment period was 3,58 months and the average number of treatment was 12.94 sessions. 1. In the amount of herbal medicine, 2 and 3 Ji(劑) were the most. The most frequently used herbal medicine to treat was Hyangbujamogeuntanggagam(香附子茅根湯加減) 8. In the change of grade after treatment, Grade I was the most. In the efficacy of treatment, 'good' was the most, followed by 'excellent' and 'uneffective'.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.307-315
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of several thermal therapies using ice pack, moist-hot pack and ultrasound, separately and concomitantly and to obtain the background information on the vascular changes after thermophysical therapies. The author had used 15 healthy subjects were examined and the subjects were divide into 5 groups : ice pack, moist-hot pack, ultrasound, ice pack and moist-hot pack, ice pack and ultrasound. Observation were made immediate before and 0,5,10,20,30,45,60,90 minutes after treatment. Thermography was performed in an Agema 870 thermovisio with 0.1$^{\circ}C$ difference of gradual temperature shift. The results were as follows : 1. Using ice pack only, the surface temperature of the masseter region was increased lapse of time, and most remarkably 90 minutes after the treatment. 2. Using moist-hot pack only, the surface temperature of the region was remarkably increased immediately after the treatment, but decreased lapse of time. 3. Using moist-hot pack with ice pack, the surface temperature of the face was remarkably increased immediately after the treatment, and decreased lapse of time, Hyperthermia was maintained for a longer time as compared with the group of moist-hot pack only. 4. Using ultrasound only, the surface temperature of the region was increased gradually, and most remarkably 30 minutes after the treatment, but decreased in the course of time. 5. Using ultrasound combined with ice pack, the surface temperature of the region was gradually decreased until 30 minutes after the treatment, and decrease to some extend at 45 minute. And then a gradual increase observed over the remaining period of the experiment. 6. Hyperthermia were maintained for a long time in the groups using ice pack combined with moist-hot pack and ultrasound as compared with the other groups. Our data suggest that ice pack can promote the efficacy of other thermal therapies.

• Annals of dermatology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.688-693
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• 2018

Background: There are few pharmacologic options to reduce erythema and flushing in patients with recalcitrant erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). We previously reported two cases of refractory flushing and erythema of rosacea that were successfully treated with intradermal botulinum toxin injection, and additional research is needed to prove the efficacy and safety of this treatment. Objective: To report the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection as an aid in persistent erythema of rosacea patients. Methods: A total of 20 Korean patients with recalcitrant ETR were enrolled to receive treatment by injection of botulinum toxin. Patients received one treatment of intradermal botulinum toxin injection and were assessed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment. The severity of erythema and telangiectasia was investigated by a non-treating physician, and the Erythema Index (EI) was assessed by mexameter at each visit. Patient satisfaction and any adverse events were also assessed at each visit. Results: 17 patients completed all follow-up visits and were included in the analysis. Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin significantly reduced erythema severity and EI in ETR patients. Patients reported a satisfaction score of $2.94{\pm}0.56$ at 8 weeks after treatment. Except for three patients who discontinued the study early due to inconvenience of facial muscle paralysis, 17 patients participating in the final analysis did not report side effects except injection pain at the time of the procedure. Conclusion: Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin can be used as an effective and relatively safe adjuvant agent for recalcitrant and persistent erythema of ETR patients.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 2022

We tested the pre-treatment of alumina, leucine, alumina mixed with leucine at ratios of 9:1 (Al-Leu (9:1)) and 5:1 (Al-Leu (5:1)), and alumina mixed with sodium lactate at a ratio of 5:1 (Al-Lac (5:1)) on aged fingerprints (1, 7, 14, and 30 days after natural fingerprinting) before cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming to improve the development efficacy. As a result of the experiment, fingerprints with pre-treatment of alumina, leucine, Al-Leu (9:1), Al-Leu (5:1), and Al-Lac (5:1) showed better development efficacy (area and minutiae) than fingerprints without pre-treatment. Therefore, this modified CA fuming method improved the development efficacy with five pretreatments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to discover the effects of REBT group counseling on the self-efficacy and organizational effectiveness of nurses with high scores on dysfunctional attitude scale. Method: There wewe 21 subjects in the experimental group and 25 subjects in the control group. This treatment lasted for eight weeks. Each week, a two and half hour long session was cinducted. Results: The experimental groups showed that significant statistical differences compared with the control groups in the score of self-efficacy, job-satisfaction, organizational commitment, and nursing performance. Conclusion: These results imply that REBT group counseling could be utilized as good nursing intervention to enhance self-efficacy, organizational effectiveness at the general hospital.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Objectives : Comparison acupuncture treatment with Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined treatment for frozen shoulder 20 case patients Methods : Efficacy evaluation using Apley scratch test(ROM), Martin.A.N'Improvement rate Results : 1. Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined treatment group were better than acupuncture treatment group in Martin.A.N' Improvement rate. 2. Acupuncture & Moxibustion combined treatment group were better than acupuncture treatment group in Apley scratch test(ROM). but this study need to many case frozen shoulder investigation.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2020

Introduction: Qūbā (Tinea Corporis) is a very common disease widely prevalent worldwide. 20 - 25 % individuals suffer for this stubborn disease. Unani System of Medicine offers its treatment. There are many pharmacopoeial formulations indicated for various types of dermatophytic infections. In this study clinical efficacy and safety of the topical Unani formulation Marham Kharish Jadeed (a compound drug in the dosage form of an ointment) was assessed and compared with a standard conventional medicine. Materials and methods: A clinical study was conducted on 60 participants of qūbā randomized into test and control groups (n=30 in each group). The participants were clinically diagnosed and confirmed by microscopy of skin scrapings. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was assessed in terms of TSS score and elimination of fungal elements from the skin lesions. The data collected were analyzed statistically. Results and discussion: The study showed that the Unani formulation had comparatively better efficacy clinically than conventional medicine Terbinafine hydrochloride 1% cream in terms of reduction of itching, erythema, scaling, peripheral raised margins of the lesion comparing to baseline. In this study, 27 participants in test group and 18 participants in control group were completely cured (≥75% reduction in TSS Score with Mycological Cure) after 4 weeks of treatment. The efficacy of the Unani formulation was found significant statistically. The individual drugs of the formulations having analgesic (Musakkin), blood purifier (Muṣaffi-i-Dam), demulcent (Mulaṭṭif), antifungal (Qātil-i-fafūndῑ), detergent (Jālῑ), refrigerant (Mubarrid) and antiseptic (Dāfi'-i-'Ufūnat) properties might be responsible for the efficacy of Unani formulation. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggested that the Unani formulation was found effective and safe in the management of qūbā. No local and systemic adverse effect was reported during the study.