• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.343-346
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• 1990

A study was conducted to determine the effect of prostaglandin $F_2$ alpha ($PGF_2$ alpha) on the reaction time and seminal characteristics of buffalo bulls. Semen was collected from three Murrah bulls in three periods: pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment. During the treatment period each bull was administered 2 ml $PGF_2$ alpha (Synchrocept, Fenprostalene) im, 1 hour prior to semen collection. In the post-treatment, semen was collected 7 days after the last injection of $PGF_2$. Semen samples were evaluated immediately after collection. Pre-collection injection of $PGF_2$ alpha has no significant effect on reaction time, semen volume, percentage motility, sperm concentration and total number of sperms per ejaculate. Fluctuations in semen color and consistency were observed. There is a significant (p<0.05) increase in the mean percentage of normal spermatozoa during the treatment and post treatment periods. Likewise, administration of PG results into a significant (p<0.05) rise on the average percentage of live sperms but this effect was not manifested in the post-treatment period. Improvement in mass activity was observed during the treatment and post-treatment periods.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Purpose: It is well recognized that gingival enlargement is induced by unwanted effect associated with three major drugs/drug groups - phenytoin, cyclosporine, and the calcium channel blockers. The present case report describes the effect and limitation of non-surgical treatment in gingival enlargement cases. Materials and methods: Three cases included 2 drug-influenced gingival enlargement patients and a idiopathic gingival fibromatosis patient. For the drug-influenced gingival enlargement patients, the medication was replaced with other medication. And then, all the patients were treated non-surgically. Results: Drug-influenced gingival enlargements had been reduced after non-surgical treatment and the results were well-maintained. In the idiopathic gingival fibromatosis case, non-surgical treatment resulted in only limited reduction of gingival enlargement, and surgical periodontal treatment was unavoidable. Conclusion: These case reports indicated that non-surgical periodontal treatment with change in medication was effective in the treatment of drug-influenced gingival enlargements. Non-surgical approach can be considered as the primary management to reduce the gingival enlargement. If non-surgical treatment encounters a limitation, surgical treatment should be considered.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.95-112
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• 1998

Water quality in the public water course has been polluted more seriously than ever before due to the increase of the number and aremount of pollution sources such as domestic and industrial wastewater. For water quality conservation, the Korean government has been trying to construct sewage treatment facilities continually, of which treatment capacity reached to 11,452,400m$^{3}$/day in 1996. Night soil treatment facilites of m nationwide have the treatment capacity of 24,038m$^{3}$/day. But water quality has not been improved because the sewer systems were insufficient and the treatment efficiencies of sewage were not high, enough. For renovation of water quality, miscellaneous domestic wastewater must be treated because 27g BOD/day out of total 40g BOD/person-day come from miscellaneous wastewater, comparing to 13g BOD/day from night soil. However, sole treatment purifier treat only night soil from the flushing toilet. Therefore, it may be desirable to treat the miscellaneous domestic wastewater and the night soil from flushing toilet together by joint treatment purifier system as on-site domestic wastewater treatment technology. In Korea, the joint treatment purifier system, introduced in 1997, have the benefit as follows; i) good water poiluion control effect, ii ) good effect on river water flow, iii) water pollution control with sewage treatment facility, and iv) rapid pollution control effect, etc. In order to achieve a good effect as stated before, i ) strengthening effluent guideline including BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus, ii ) specializing operation to maintain high performance, and iii) supporting its construction and maintenance costs by the governmental level may be necessary: In addition, automation system of joint treatment purifier, technology for its package and compactness, and a new bio-media bio-filter with higher capacity should be further developed in agreement with a more stringent effluent guideline.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.184-188
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• 2009

Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer patients. Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-alpha-nonenamide), a spicy component of hot pepper, is a homovanillic acid derivative that preferentially induces cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether capsaicin enhances the anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil in HT-29 human colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, and whether PPARgamma is involved in the capsaicin action in combination treatment with 5-FU. Treatment of the cells with either 5-FU or capsaicin alone for 48 h had little effect on the cell viability up to $50{\mu}M$ concentration, whereas co-treatment of the cells with capsaicin in the presence of 5-FU for 48 h significantly decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, caspase-3 activity, a marker enzyme for apoptosis, was significantly increased by the combined treatment with 5-FU and capsaicin compared to the 5-FU or capsaicin alone treatment. Also, treatment with troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) agonist, further enhanced the effect of the combination treatment on the cell viability and caspase-3 activity, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a $PPAR{\gamma}$ antagonist, blocked the effect of the combination treatment. These results suggest that the combination treatment of HT-29 cells with 5-FU and capsaicin induces apoptotic cell death at relatively low concentration than each drug alone, and the combination treatment may be associated with the $PPAR{\gamma}$ pathway activation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

Objectives: Literature Study of clinical cases with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as reference for Korean medicine based treatment of juvenile patients with Down's syndrome. Methods: 4 TCM journals with the highest impact factors were searched and selected among the journals listed in www.cnki.net. The search keywords were "蒙古症", "唐氏症(産生唐氏症)", "唐氏症候群", "先天愚型", "伸舌樣痴呆", "21三体綜合徵", "三染色体症", "Down's syndrome", and "Mongolism". Accordingly, searched papers were analyzed. Results: Total 6 studies were selected: RCT(5), case report(1). Among the RCT related studies, 2 studies tested the effect of Electroacupuncture (電鍼), 1 study tested the effect of Electroacupuncture and Pharmacopuncture (藥鍼) treatment together, and 2 studies tested the effect of Electroacupuncture and Herbal Medicines (藥物) co-treatment. In all the studies, the study groups showed significantly improved intelligence quotient (IQ) in comparison with the control groups. The case report showed improvement of cognitive ability and other clinical parameters as a result of Acupuncture (鍼) and Herbal Medicines co-treatment in juvenile patients with Down's syndrome. Conclusions: Clinical studies testing the effect of TCM for the treatment of Down's syndrome have been conducted in small scales, and all the studies showed a certain level of brain function improvement of the patients in the study groups. These results implicate that the methods in Korean medicine can be highly potential treatment options for the treatment of Down's syndrome. Conduction of accurate and well-controlled studies in large scale would be required to prove the effect of Korean medicine for the treatment of patients with Down's syndrome.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.109-121
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of This study is to analyze influence of functional and clinical improvement effect on temporomandibular disorders of Dong-Qi acupuncture treatment that often be used to temporomandibular disorder patients. Methods : We investigated to focus temporomandibular disorders in Jaseng oriental medicine hospital from September 8, 2000 to March 22, 2001. We compared to before and after treatment situation using temporomandibular disease & facial ache dolor pain and malignant function disorders & activation inhibition analysis from one cured Dong-Qi acupuncture treatment of outpatients-40 examples. Results : These results appeared that Sex distinction occurrence ratio was much more female than male of 1: 7. Age distinction occupied the most ratio in 20-30 generation. Jobs was mainly ranked students and companion. In cases treated before visiting our hospital, was mainly ranked our hospital first dignosis. the distribution interval of solider was mainly followed above 3 years. the distribution interval of treatment was mainly gone within 1 month and above 3 month, frequency of treatment was examined below 5 times, into 6 to 10 times, more than 11 times, respectively. Everything showed a very valuable effect except chewing and dentalgia in decrease of ache dolor pain and linkage pain related to mal-function. There are meaningful effect in Every part on Mal-function improvement. Every contents showed a very excellent effect except activation such as motivation ingestion and recreation in influence of activation. Conclusion : The above results showed a very valuable treatment effect of temporomandibular disorders on Dong-Qi acupuncture treatment. Therefore we are considered the necessity of continuous study and observation applying to other disease as well as temporomandibular disorders.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1344-1348
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• 2005

Moxibustion treatment gives stimulus to specific points in the meridian distributed on the body, and controls imbalance of Qi, blood stream, and, Yin and Yang. So this treatment is the way that prevents and cures diseases by making meridian flow normal. Moxibustion stimulating conditions have a great influence on the treatment results. So proper standards of stimulus are needed to expect effective treatment results. To know what number of moxibustions are needed to gain good treatment effects, I observed the gastrin level in blood after moxibustion on the Xiawan(CV10). Gastrin stimulates to secrete gastric acid. The followings are the results. After 1, 5, and 10 moxibustions everyday on each rat for 5 days, 1 compared what number of moxibustion had a good effect. The group of 5 moxibustions every day had a more significant effect. After moxibustions of 1, 5, and 10 coagulated moxas on each rat, 1 compared the effect of the size of coagulated moxa. The group of 5 and 10 coagulated moxas had a more significant effect. After the same moxibustions on each ract for 1, 5, and 10 days, 1 compared the effect of moxibustion terms. The group of 5 days moxibustion had a more significant effect. These results say that the treatment effect of moxibustion can be varied by the choice of points, and the size, the time, and the number of moxibustions can bring out different effects. I think that the proper size, the proper time, and the proper number of moxibustions can be more effective than the excessive moxibustions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

Objectives : Allium hookeri is a well-known traditional herbal remedy and its root used for treatment of inflammation and tumor. However, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Allium hookeri is still unknown. This study aims to examine the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of Allium hookeri on mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : Anti-oxidant effect of water extract of Allium hookeri (WEAH) was measured by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was performed to determine the effect of WEAH on cell viability in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, anti-inflammatory effect of WEAH was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation of RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysarccharide (LPS) treatment and expression levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκBα) after LPS treatment with WEAH-treated RAW 264.7 cells was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Results : WEAH showed a strong anti-oxidant effect and no cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells up to 2 mg/㎖ concentration. The LPS-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased by WEAH treatment. Furthermore, the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκBα is attenuated by WEAH treatment. Conclusions : Through experimental demonstration of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WEAH, we suggest that Allium hookeri is a valuable material for prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1997

For the purpose of improving hygienic quality of dried-Angelica Keiskei Koidz powder, the effect of ozone treatment and gamma irradiation on the microbial decontamination and physicochemical properties were investigated. Gamma irradiation at 5 to 7.5 kGy resulted in sterilizing total aerobic bacteria, molds and coliforms below detective levels, while ozone treatment for 8 hours up to 18 ppm did not sufficiently eliminate the total aerobic bacteria of the sample. The physicochemical properties of the sample were not changed by gamma irradiation up to 7.5 kGy, whereas, ozone treatment caused remarkable changes in pH, TBA value, chlorophyll, carotenoid and fatty acid compositions. Therefore, this investigation demonstrated conclusively that gamma irradiation was more effective than ozone treatment for decontaminating and sterilizing the dried-Angelica Keiskei Koidz powder, with minimal effect on the physicochemical properties analyzed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.957-964
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• 2018

In this study, a method of electrochemical consolidation is applied. This method utilizes electro-osmosis, which is an effective ground improvement technique for soft clays, and soil treatment using lime, which is the oldest traditional soil stabilizer. The mechanism of lime treatment for soil involves cation exchange, which leads to the flocculation and agglomeration. Five representative laboratory tests-an electro-osmotic test and four electrochemical tests with various proportions of lime-were performed on dredged marine clay. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of electrochemical treatment and to determine the optimum dose for optimal consolidation performance of dredged marine clay. The results show that a better consolidation effect was achieved in terms of current, temperature, and vane shear strength by using electrochemical treatment. The best results were observed for the electrochemical test using 4% lime content.