• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2020

이 연구는 비만이 심장 조직에서 자가포식 관련 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 고지방 식이(20주)를 통해 비만을 유도한 후 8주간의 트레드밀 운동을 실시하고, 자가포식의 유도, 형성 그리고 자가포식포와 라이소좀 융합단계를 조절하는 단백질의 발현을 확인하였다. 실험동물(SD rat)은 20주간의 고지방식이(탄수화물: 20%, 지방: 60%, 단백질: 20%)를 통해 비만을 유도하였으며, 8주간의 트레드밀 운동(주 5일, 하루 30분, 5분; 8m/min, 5분; 11m/min, 20분; 14m/min)을 실시하였다. 집단 구분은 정상식이 비교군(n=10), 고지방식이 비교군(n=10), 고지방식이 운동군(n=10)으로 구분하였다. 8주간의 트레드밀 운동 실시 전과 후에 경구당부하검사를 실시하여 곡선 하 면적(area under the curve; AUC)을 산출하였으며, 공복시 인슐린 농도와 포도당 농도를 통해 인슐린 저항성 지표인 HOMA-IR과 체중 당 복부지방량(abdominal visceral fat/Body weight; AVF/BW)를 산출하여 비교하였다. 또한 심장 조직에서 자가포식 관련 단백질을 분석하여 운동 트레이닝의 효과를 검증하였다. 장기간의 고지방식이를 통해 HFD-CON 그룹에서는 비만이 유도되었으며, ND-CON 그룹에 비해 체중, AUC, HOMA-IR, AVF/BW가 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 8주간의 트레드밀 운동을 실시한 HFD-TE 그룹에서는 AUC, HOMA-IR, AVF/BW가 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 체중의 경우, 감소되는 경향은 있었지만, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 자가포식 유도에 관여하는 mTOR와 AMPK는 비만상황에서 모두 감소되었지만, 운동을 통해 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 자가포식 형성에 관련된 Beclin-1, BNIP3, ATG-7, p62, LC3는 비만상황에서 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 운동을 통해 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 자기포식포와 라이소좀 융합단계 조절하는 Cathepsin L과 LAMP2는 비만상황에서 모두 감소되었으며, 운동을 통해 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 트레드밀 운동과 같은 신체활동은 대사성 질환에서 나타나는 병리학적 현상을 개선하고 자가포식 과정을 정상적으로 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 트레드밀 운동이 심장 관련 질환의 예방 및 치료에 있어 일차적으로 고려해야할 필요성이 있다고 제안한다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of mild-intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on the recovery of the motor function over time in sciatic nerve crush injury rats. METHODS: The MIE group ran on a treadmill at a speed of 8.3 m/min to perform low-intensity training with maximum oxygen uptakes ranging from 40 to 50%. The HIIE group ran on the treadmill at a speed of 25 m/min to perform high-intensity training with a maximum oxygen uptake of 80%. The interval training was performed based on a 1:1 work-to-rest ratio. The effects of each form of exercise on the rats' walking abilities following their recovery from the peripheral nerve injuries were evaluated based on the results of behavior tests performed at one and 14 days. RESULTS: According to the test results, the MIE group showed significant improvements in the rats' ankle angle in the initial stance phase, and in the ankle and knee angles in the toe-off phase (p<.05). The HIIE group exhibited significant improvements in the ankle and knee angles in the initial stance phase, SFI(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The state of such patients can be improved by applying the results of this study in that MIE and HIIE on a treadmill can contribute to the recovery of the peripheral nerve and motor skill. In particular, MIE is used as a walking functional training in the toe-off stance phase, while HIIE is suitable in the initial stance stage.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the pelvic tilting exercise, pelvic tilting exercises with floor walking training, pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training on quantitative gait function in patients with hemiplegia. Thirty patients with hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular disease participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of pelvic tilting exercise group, pelvic tilting exercise with floor walking training group and pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training group. The effects of each therapeutic method were evaluated by measurements of gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, base of support and foot angle using ink-foot prints. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results of this research are as followings : 1. After treatment, it turned out that pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training has the most effect on gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and foot angle, which has significant difference in statistics (p<0.05). 2. Quantification of the gait velocity, cadence, both stride length and step length demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups when compared with values measured before treatment. The base of support and foot angle in affected side decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups when compared with values measured before treatment. 3. The lumbosacral angle noted a significant increase (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups, however, an ANOVA analysis did not reveal any differences between groups.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

This study is intended to examine the motor skill learning and treadmill exercise on motor performance and synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar injured rats by harmaline. Experiment groups were divided into four groups and assigned 15 rats to each group. Group I was a normal control group(induced by saline); Group II was a experimental control group(cerebellar injured by harmaline); Group III was a group of motor skill learning after cerebellar injured by harmaline; Group IV was a group of treadmill exercise after cerebellar injured by harmaline. In motor performance test, the outcome of group II was significantly lower than the group III, IV(especially group III)(p<.001). In histological finding, the experimental groups were destroy of dendrities and nucleus of cerebellar neurons. Group III, IV were decreased in degeneration of cerebellar neurons(especially group III). In immunohistochemistric response of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex, experimental groups were decreased than group I. Group III's expression of synaptophysin was more increased than group II, IV. In electron microscopy finding, the experimental groups were degenerated of Purkinje cell. These result suggest that improved motor performance by motor skill learning after harmaline induced is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the hip internal rotation on gluteal and erector spinae muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during treadmill walking. Eleven healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects performed treadmill walking while maintaining the hip in neutral position (condition 1) and in internal rotation (condition 2). Surface EMG activity was recorded from four muscles (gluteus maximus (GM), gluteus medius (GMED), tensor fascia latae (TFL), and erector spinae (ES)) and the hip internal rotation angle was measured using a three dimensional motion analysis system. The gait cycle was determined with two foot switches, and stance phase was normalized as 100% stance phase (SP) for each condition using the MatLab 7.0 program. The normalized EMG activities according to the hip rotation (neutral or internal rotation) were compared using a paired t-test. During the entire SP of treadmill walking, the EMG activities of GM in condition 1 were significantly greater than in condition 2 (p<.05). The EMG activities of TFL and ES in condition 2 were significantly greater than in condition 1 (p<.05). The EMG activities of the GMED in condition 1 were significantly greater than in condition 1 (p>.05) except for 80~100% SP. Further studies need randomized control trials regarding the effect of hip internal rotation on the hip and lumbar spine muscle activity. Kinetic variables during gait or going up and down stairs are also needed.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Excessive pronation and impact force during running are related to various running injuries. To prevent these injuries, three type of running shoes are used, such as cushioning, stability, and motion control. Although there were may studies about the effect of midsole hardness on impact force, no study to investigate biomechanical effect of motion control running shoes. The purpose of this study was to determine biomechanical difference between cushioning and motion control shoes during treadmill running. Specifically, plantar and rearfoot motion, impact force and loading rate, and insole pressure distribution were quantified and compared. Twenty male healthy runners experienced at treadmill running participated in this study. When they ran on treadmill at 3.83 m/s. Kinematic data were collected using a Motion Analysis eight video camera system at 240 Hz. Impact force and pressure distribution data under the heel of right foot were collected with a Pedar pressure insole system with 26 sensors at 360 Hz. Mean value of ten consecutive steps was calculated for kinematics and kinetics. A dependent paired t-test was used to compare the running shoes effect (p=0.05). For most kinematics, motion control running shoes reduced the range of rearfoot motion compared to cushioning shoes. Runners wearing motion control shoe showed less eversion angle during standing less inversion angle at heel strike, and slower eversion velocity. For kinetics, cushioning shoes has the effect to reduce impact on foot obviously. Runners wearing cushioning shoes showed less impact force and loading rate, and less peak insole pressure. For both shoes, there was greater load on the medial part of heel compared to lateral part. For pressure distribution, runners with cushioning shoes showed lower, especially on the medial heel.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the asymmetry of vertical ground reaction force (GRF) components between dominant and non-dominant legs in rested and fatigued states in prolonged running. Method: Twenty healthy men, heel strikers, were included (age: $24.00{\pm}5.0years$; height: $176.1{\pm}6.0cm$; body mass: $69.0{\pm}6.0kg$) in this study. Subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill for 130 minutes. During treadmill running, GRF data (1,000 Hz) were collected for 20 strides at five minutes (rested) and 125 minutes (fatigued) running while they were unaware of collecting data. Asymmetry indexes (ASI) were calculated to quantify the asymmetry magnitude in rested and fatigued states. Paired t-test was used to verify the differences between dominant and non-dominant legs in rested and fatigued states. In addition, one-way repeated measure analysis of variance was applied for comparison of ASI of both states. The level of significance was set at p < .05. Results: Passive force peak magnitude, loading rate, and impulse affecting the development of running injury were found significantly greater in dominant leg than in non-dominant leg at rested state (p < .05). However, passive force peak time and active force peak magnitude were found significantly different between legs in fatigued state (p < .05). To determine changes in percentage of asymmetry between legs in both states, ASI was used. ASI for all variables increased in fatigued state; however, no significant differences were found between both states. Conclusion: This study found that fatigue did not affect differences in vertical GRF between dominant and non-dominant legs and asymmetry changes.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2024

회내족은 넙다리두갈래근의 활성화를 증가시키거나 근피로 또는 과사용증후군(overuse syndromes)을 초래한다. 본 연구에서는 회내각(pronation angles)이 20° 이상인 회내족 피험자를 대상으로 회내각과 근피로지수와의 관계를 파악하는 것이다. 나이 범위가 15-61세인 12명의 피험자가 실험에 참여하였으며, 30초 동안 4.5 km/h의 속도로 트레드밀 보행시 넙다리두갈래근의 근전도를 측정하여 근피로지수인 중앙주파수와 저주파수 대역 크기의 기울기를 산출하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 피험자로부터 산출한 두 가지 근피로지수와 회내각 사이의 관계가 정상인과 유사할 것이라는 가정 하에 실험한 결과, 근피로지수와 회내각 사이의 유의한 상관성을 얻을 수 있었다 (r>0.60; p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and physiological variables of chest pain induced by exercise test in angina suspected patients. The subjects of this study consisted of 28 inpatients and outpatients aged between 40 and 75 who underwent treadmill test at exercise testing laboratory of S-University from January 2000 to June 2000. Subjects were interviewed with questionnaire regarding sociodemography, the past health history and history related to chest pain before the exercise test. Subjects were interviewed with questionnaire concerning quality, intensity, duration of chest pain induced by walking on the treadmill(Marquette, U.S.A. 1992) according to Bruce protocol following exercise test. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before, during and after the test, heart rate was determined by ECG. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) Quality of chest pain induced by exercise test were feeling stiffness 19(67.9%), heavy 10(36.0%), exploded 9(32.1%), crushing, suffocating, tight 8(28.6%), stuffy, prickly 7(25.0%), burning 6(21.4%), clasp 5(17.9%), cleaved, tensed, piercing 3(10.7%), perfectly fitting, sore 2(7.1%), tearing, tingling, ticklish, heartburn 1(3.6%). 2) Mean score of VAS(intensity of pain) following exercise test was $5.79{\pm}2.27$ and mean duration of chest pain after the test was $7.83{\pm}5.31$ minutes. 3) Sites of chest-pain induced by exercise test were middle site 11(39.3%), left-chest 10(35.6%), right-chest 6(21.5%). Radiation site of chest-pain was neck(18.0%), right flank site 1(3.6%), left shoulder & arm 2(7.1%) and back 1(3.6%). 4) Symptoms other than chest-pain induced by exercise test were dyspnea 21(75.6%), perspiration 14(50.4%), fatigue 12(43.2%), leg-pain 11(39.6%), dizziness 7(25.2%) anxiety toward chest-pain 3(10.8%), thirst 2(7.1%), and palpation, headache and tingling sensation of hand and leg 1(3.6%). 5) Mean MET(intensity of exercise) during the exercise test was $7.64{\pm}2.57$ and mean RPE(rating of perceived exertion) was $15.89{\pm}2.36$. Mean duration of exercise was $6.79{\pm}2.88$. 6) correlation coefficients between RPE and VAS was 0.500(p=0.003), those between MET and VAS was 0.287(p=0.069) and those between either depression or elevation of ST segment and VAS was 0.236(p=0.114). 7) There was a significant difference in mean systolic pressure between before and after the test as $146.29{\pm}28.18mmHg$ and $177.96{\pm}28.82mmHg$(t=-5.640, p=0.000), a significant difference in mean diastolic blood pressure between before and after the test as $84.85{\pm}15.07mmHg$ and $88.89{\pm}13.72mmHg$(t=-2.082, p=0.047), and there was a significant difference in mean heart-rate between before and after the test as $81.89{\pm}12.22/min$ and $160.68{\pm}21.77/min$(t=-21.255, p=0.000).

• PNF and Movement
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stability techniques on walking speed, trunk stability, and balance in stroke patients. Methods: Ten stroke patients volunteered to participate in the study, and each of subjects was randomly assigned to either the stability technique (ST) group (n=5) or to the treadmill (TM) group (n=5). Each therapeutic exercise program was provided for 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. The ST group performed a PNF pattern combined with stabilizing reversal and rhythmic stabilization of the PNF stability technique. Walking speed (measured using a 10-meter walking test), trunk stability (TIS), and balance (BBS, FRT) were evaluated before and after training. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The significance level for statistical inspection was set at 0.05. Results: Both groups showed improvements on the 10-meter walking test, the trunk impairment scale, the Berg balance scale, and the functional reaching test. Conclusion: PNF stability techniques are effective for improving trunk stability, balance, and walking speed in stroke patients. For stroke patients, PNF stability techniques are very useful and effective, including in clinical practice.