• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study compared two different techniques of treadmill gait training, and evaluated the outcomes on gait and respiratory function in patients with hemiplegic stroke. METHODS: This was a single-blinded, randomized, controlled, comparative study, enrolling a total of 21 stroke patients in a rehabilitation hospital. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the treadmill walking training group with gradual speed increase (GSI group, n = 10), or treadmill walking training group with random speed changing (RSC group, n = 11). All participants performed 60 min of comprehensive rehabilitation therapy (5 × / week for 6 weeks). In additional, each group received either GSI or RSC treadmill walking training for 20 min (5 × / week for 6 weeks, total 30 sessions). Gait and respiratory function were measured before and after the 6-week training. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvements in the 10-m walking test, 6-minute walking test, timed up and go test, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and maximal voluntary ventilation after training (p < .05). The GSI group showed a significantly greater increase in the FVC than the RSC group (+14.8 L vs. +12.5 L, p < .05). CONCLUSION: Both training methods can be effective for improving the walking and respiratory functions of stroke patients. However, our results indicate that treadmill walking training with gradual speed increase might be a more effective method for improving the respiratory function (FVC) than treadmill walking training with random speed changing.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1982

This paper presents a frequency modulated radio-telemetry, transmitter for monitoring and transmitting an exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration activity simultaneously on single carrier frequency in the standard FM broadcast band of 88-108 MHz. We have evaluated the performance of the FM telemetry transmitter which is proposed on the basis of an exercise ECG test in the treadmill.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Background: Gait problems appear in most stroke patients. Commonly, stroke patients show the typical abnormal gait patterns, such as circumduction, genu recurvatum, and spastic paretic stiff-legged gait. An inclined treadmill gait exercise is good for gait problems of stroke patients. In addition, the backward walking training has been recommended in order to improve the component of the movement for the forward walking. Objects: The purpose of this study to investigated the effects of backward walking with inclined treadmill training on the gait in chronic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 30 volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups that walked on an inclined treadmill: the experimental group ($n_1=15$), which walked backward, and the control group ($n_2=15$), which walked forward. To measure the improvement of the patients' gait, a Figure of Eight Walking Test (F8W), Four Square Step Test (FSST), and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) were performed. We also measured spatio-temporal gait variables, including gait speed, cadence, stride length, and single limb support using a three-axial wireless accelerometer. The measurements were taken before and after the experiment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare both groups before and after the interventions. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparisons after the interventions. The statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: Before and after experiment, all dependent variables were significantly different between the two groups (p<.05). As compared to the control group, the experimental group showed more significant improvements in F8W, FSST, speed, cadence, stride length, and single limb support (p<.05); however, FGA in this group was not significantly different from the control (p>.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that backward walking on an inclined treadmill is more effective for improving the gait of stroke patients than forward walking.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the effects of aerobic exercise on the severity of disease and walking ability in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Twelve patients with Parkinson's disease participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group (n=6) or a self-exercise group (n=6). All participants underwent treadmill training for 30 minutes. In addition, the experimental group (aerobic exercise group) and control group (self-exercise group) participated in a 30 minutes exercise program. In both groups, exercise was performed five times a week for four weeks. Outcome including disease severity (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and walking ability (10 m walking speed test, 6 minutes walking test, timed up-and-go test) were measured at baseline and after 4-weeks. Results: Significant differences in disease severity and walking ability were observed between the pre- and post-exercise groups (p<0.05). The improvement of disease severity and walking endurance was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that aerobic exercise is effective at improving disease severity and walking endurance in patients with Parkinson's disease.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2017

Obesity has been directly associated with the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood pressure response during graded exercise test in obese adults. 189 subjects (age: $47.96{\pm}10.23$) were assigned to two groups: non-obese group (N=105, BMI: $22.05{\pm}1.57$, waist circumference: $76.90{\pm}6.17$) and obese group (N=84, BMI: $26.96{\pm}2.51$, waist circumference: $88.29{\pm}6.41$). The subjects underwent health screening and exercise treadmill test from January 2012 to December 2014. Graded exercise test was performed according to the Bruce protocol. Exercise duration (P=0.046) and METs (P=0.015) were significantly lower in obese group than non-obese group. There was no difference in the rate of change in blood pressure response between obese group and non-obese group during exercise, and the recovery rate of systolic blood pressure was delayed in the obese group compared to non-obese group in the first recovery period (P=0.020). The significant factors of increasing rate of change in maximum systolic blood pressure was waist (P=0.046) and hip circumference (P=0.008). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that, for hypertension prevention in obese adults, waist and hip circumference levels should be managed within normal range.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 weeks of backward walking exercise (BWE) on cervical angle and gait parameters in college students with forward head posture. Methods : Fifteen subjects participated in the experiment. All the participants had a craniovertebral angle (CVA) of 55 degrees or less. The purpose of the study was explained to all the subjects prior to participation, and volunteered to take part in the study. A camera capable of taking pictures of the lateral plane was installed at a distance of 1.5 meters from each subject. Images of forward head posture were obtained before and after performing the BWE, and the CVA and craniorotational angle (CRA) were compared pre- versus post exercise. Foot pressure and gait parameters (step length of left and right, stride length, stance of left and right, swing of left and right, step time of left and right, and stride time) were measured using a rehabilitation treadmill. The subjects performed the BWE for 2 weeks. The exercise program consisted of a 5-minute warm-up exercise, 20-minute main exercise, and 5-minute cool-down exercise. In the main exercise, the treadmill speed was set to 2.4 km/h in the first week and 3.4 km/h in the second week. A paired t test was used to compare the CVA and CRA and gait parameters before and after the exercise. Results : Comparison of the CVA and CRA before and after the BWE revealed a significant difference post exercise, with a marked improvement in forward head posture after the exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, the BWE is considered to be an effective exercise for the forward head posture. Also, additional research is needed to shed light on the impact of the BWE on gait parameters.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2009

본 논문은 산업화와 교통 환경의 발달로 인해 최근 들어 발생빈도가 크게 증가되고 있는 외상성 뇌손상을 대상으로 하여, 치료적 운동의 적용에 있어 수중운동의 뇌신경 가소성에 미치는 영향과 전정-운동에 대한 영향에 대해 알아보고자 한 연구이다. 수중운동이라는 운동학적 특성을 통해 기능적 독립을 위해선 반드시 전제되어야 하는 뇌신경 가소성과 전정-운동 기능의 회복에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보기 위하여 80마리의 백서를 대상으로 4군으로 나누고, 3주간 서로 다른 방식의 운동 훈련(실험군 I: 대조군, II: 수중운동군, III: 속도 및 경사 조절 트레드밀 운동군, IV: 단순 트레드밀 운동군)을 적용하여 전정-운동 기능에 미치는 영향을 Rota-Rod 검사를 통해 알아보고, 신경가소성에 대한 영향성에 대해서는 대뇌피질에서의 GAP-43 인자를 조직면역화학적 방법으로 검사해 보았다. 연구결과, 수중운동을 적용한 군에서, 다른 군들에 비해 뇌신경 가소성에 긍정적이고도 유의한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 전정-운동 기능 향상에 있어서도 다른 군들에 비해 유의한 향상 효과를 나타내었다. 이는 물이 가지고 있는 다양한 감각적 특성과 환경적 상황이 뇌손상으로 인해 불안정한 신체의 운동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns and treadmills on the balance and walking ability of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-three stroke patients were randomized into a control group (n=11), receiving only treadmill training and an experimental group (n=12) receiving combined training. The use of both PNF exercise and treadmill were implemented in the combined training. Interventions were performed 5 times a week for 6 weeks. Balance ability was measured by a timed up and go (TUG) test. Walking ability was measured by a 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). A paired t-test was used to compare differences between pre- and post-intervention and independent t-tests were used to compare between groups. Results: Changes in TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT before and after interventions were significantly different for both the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05). In addition, within-group changes in the TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT were more effective in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined training using PNF techniques and treadmills may be useful in improving the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-64
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the pelvic tilting exercise, pelvic tilting exercises with floor walking training, pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training on quantitative gait function in patients with hemiplegia. Thirty patients with hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular disease participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of pelvic tilting exercise group, pelvic tilting exercise with floor walking training group and pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training group. The effects of each therapeutic method were evaluated by measurements of gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length, base of support and foot angle using ink-foot prints. Data were analyzed statistically using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results of this research are as followings : 1. After treatment, it turned out that pelvic tilting exercises with treadmill walking training has the most effect on gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length and foot angle, which has significant difference in statistics (p<0.05). 2. Quantification of the gait velocity, cadence, both stride length and step length demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups when compared with values measured before treatment. The base of support and foot angle in affected side decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups when compared with values measured before treatment. 3. The lumbosacral angle noted a significant increase (p<0.05) after treatment in all groups, however, an ANOVA analysis did not reveal any differences between groups.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.454-466
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise program on cardiopulmonary functions and shoulder joint functioning in breast cancer patients who under- went radiation therapy after surgery. Method: Subjects in the experimental group(N=12) participated in an exercise program for eight weeks. The Exercise program consisted of shoulder stretching, arm weight training, and walking on treadmill. Maximal oxygen uptake (v2max), maximal running time, shoulder joint range of motion, and shoulder functional assessment were determined before and after the exercise program. Baseline sociodemographic and medical data were compared between experimental group and control group using the Fisher's exact test and Mann- Whitney U test. For effects of the exercise program, repeated measures ANOVA were used. Result: 1) Following the exercise program for eight weeks, both v$\alpha$ max and maximal running time tended to increase in experimental group comparing with the control group. 2) Shoulder abduction, extension and flexion of the operated upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). 3) Shoulder flexion of the normal upper extremity in the experimental group comparing with control significantly increased after the exercise program(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the exercise program for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy after breast surgery can improve shoulder functions and increase cardiopulmonary functions, which are maximal oxygen uptake and maximal running time.