• Hip & pelvis
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Mortality rates following hip fracture surgery have been well-studied. This study was conducted to examine mortality rates in asymptomatic patients presenting for treatment of acute hip fractures with concurrent positive COVID-19(+) tests compared to those with negative COVID-19(-) tests. Materials and Methods: A total of 149 consecutive patients undergoing hip fracture surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic at two academic medical centers were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups for comparative analysis: one group included asymptomatic patients with COVID-19+ tests versus COVID-19- tests. The primary outcome was mortality at 30-days and 90-days. Results: COVID-19+ patients had a higher mortality rate than COVID-19- patients at 30-days (26.7% vs 6.0%, P=0.005) and 90-days (41.7% vs 17.2%, P=0.046) and trended towards an increased length of hospital stay (10.1±6.2 vs 6.8±3.8 days, P=0.06). COVID-19+ patients had more pre-existing respiratory disease (46.7% vs 11.2%, P=0.0002). Results of a Cox regression analysis showed an increased risk of mortality at 30-days and 90-days from COVID-19+ status alone without an increased risk of death in patients with pre-existing chronic respiratory disease. Conclusion: Factors including time to surgery, age, preexisting comorbidities, and postoperative ambulatory status have been proven to affect mortality and complications in hip fracture patients; however, a positive COVID-19 test result adds another variable to this process. Implementation of protocols that will promote prompt orthogeriatric assessments, expedite patient transfer, limit operating room traffic, and optimize anesthesia time can preserve the standard of care in this unique patient population.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.538-545
• /
• 1999

Objective : To compare the predictive power of International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition(ICD-10) based International Classification of Diseases based Injury Severity Score(ICISS) with Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS) and International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition Clinical Modification(ICD-9CM) based ICISS in the injury severity measure. Methods : ICD-10 version of Survival Risk Ratios(SRRs) was derived from 47,750 trauma patients from 35 Emergency Centers for 1 year. The predictive power of TRISS, the ICD-9CM based ICISS and ICD-10 based ICISS were compared in a group of 367 severely injured patients admitted to two university hospitals. The predictive power was compared by using the measures of discrimination(disparity, sensitivity, specificity, misclassification rates, and ROC curve analysis) and calibration(Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistics), all calculated by logistic regression procedure. Results : ICD-10 based ICISS showed a lower performance than TRISS and ICD-9CM based ICISS. When age and Revised Trauma Score(RTS) were incorporated into the survival probability model, however, ICD-10 based ICISS full model showed a similar predictive power compared with TRISS and ICD-9CM based ICISS full model. ICD-10 based ICISS had some disadvantages in predicting outcomes among patients with intracranial injuries. However, such weakness was largely compensated by incorporating age and RTS in the model. Conclusions : The ICISS methodology can be extended to ICD-10 horizon as a standard injury severity measure in the place of TRISS, especially when age and RTS were incorporated in the model. In patients with intracranial injuries, the predictive power of ICD-10 based ICISS was relatively low because of differences in the classifying system between ICD-10 and ICD-9CM.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.284-291
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study is to present a nonoperative treatment for abdominal injuries in patients with multiple traumas and to discuss the role of metropolitan tertiary hospital, non-regional trauma centers. We collected data from patients with multiple traumas including abdominal injuries from 2009 to 2014. Patient characteristics, associated injuries, short-term outcomes and departments that managed the patients overall were analyzed. Based on treatment modalities for abdominal injury, patients were divided into two groups: the operative treatment group and the nonoperative treatment group. We compared differences in patient characteristics, injury mechanisms, initial vital signs, detailed injury types, lengths of hospital and ICU stays. Of the 167 patients with multiple traumas, abdominal injuries were found in 57 patients. The injury mechanism for 44 patients (77.2%) was traffic accidents, and associated extra-abdominal injuries were shown in 45 patients (78.9%). The mean lengths of hospital and ICU stays for the 57 patients were 36.4 days and 8.3 days, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 8.8%. Ten patients (17.5%) were treated operatively, and 47 patients (82.5%) were treated nonoperatively. Among the 47 patients in the nonoperative treatment group, 17 patients received embolization, and 3 patients underwent a percutaneous drainage procedure. Operative treatments were used more in patients with injuries to the pancreas and bowel. No patient required additional surgery or died due to the failure of nonoperative treatment. No differences in the clinical characteristics except for the detailed injury type were observed between the two groups. In appropriately selected patients with multiple traumas including abdominal injuries, nonoperative treatment is a safe and feasible. For rapid and accurate managements of these patients, well-trained trauma surgeons who can manage problems with the various systems in the human body and who can decide whether nonoperative treatment is appropriate or not are required.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.158-171
• /
• 2018

목적: 이 연구는 2007년 충남 태안군에서 발생한 허베이 스피리트호의 유류 유출사고에 대한 신체적, 심리적, 정신 건강영향에 대한 trauma signature (TSIG) 분석을 시도한 사례 연구이다. 대상 및 방법: TSIG 분석은 유류유출 사고와 관련된 위해 노출의 신체적, 심리적 결과를 검정하는 방법론으로 태안지역 인구에 대하여 노출된 위해 프로필(hazard profile), 노출 스트레스 마트릭스(matrix of exposure stressors), "trauma signature" 요약 등을 분석한 것으로 위해요인, 손실, 변화 요인 등에 대하여 인위적 재난에 대한 분석을 저자들이 구조화된 틀을 활용하여 분석을 시도한 사례이다. 결과: 허베이 스프리트호 유류 유출사고의 특징(signature)은 다원, 다면적이고 한국에서 역사적으로 가장 큰 해양오염 사고로 태안 지역사회 및 인접한 지역에 영향을 준 것으로 요약된다. TSIG 분석결과는 주요한 근거에 따른 신체적, 심리적, 정신적 요인에 대한 영향을 나타내었는데 이는 노출의 정도(exposure severity)에 따른 위해도, 손실, 변화의 범주에 따른 결과였다. 노출의 정도는 낮음(low)에서부터 극심(extreme)까지 그 범위가 다양하였으나 위험요인의 순위는 대부분 낮음에서 중등도(moderate)의 중증도를 보였다. 결론: 허베이 스프리트호 유류 유출사고에 대한 TSIG 분석 사례연구는 재난 상황 등에서의 TSIG 분석방법론의 적용가능성을 경험하였다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the appropriateness of Emergency Medical Service's (EMS's) triage and transport of severely injured patients in Busan and Kyungnam, Korea. Methods: The medical records of the Emergency Medical Information Center were retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. We identified the number of patients that should have been transferred from a secondary to a tertiary hospital according to the EMS field triage protocol. Results: In a total of 472 cases requests to be transferred to a third hospital were made through the Emergency Medical Information Center. Of these, 207 patients(43.9%) should have been transferred to a tertiary hospital according to the EMS field triage protocol. Among them, thirty-three(15.9%) patients satisfied step 1, 15(7.0%) satisfied step 2, and 117(56.5%) satisfied step 3. Twenty-three(11.1%) patients satisfied both steps 1 and 3. Conclusion: We found the triage by the EMS in the transfer of severely injured patients to a tertiary hospital to be inappropriate and re-education of EMS personnel regarding the EMS field triage protocol is needed. Because many patients are transferred from a secondary to a third hospital, we suggest changing the EMS field triage protocol to expand the severe injury criteria. A need exists to authorize secondary hospitals to transfer severely injured patients directly because there are no trauma centers in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.257-266
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of nursing interventions applied to patients with thoracic injury who visited a trauma emergency room (TER) or an emergency room (ER). Methods: Of 3,938 trauma patients admitted to this hospital between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020, 320 adult patients with thoracic injury (94 to TER, 226 to ER) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Patients' data were acquired from their electronic medical records. General and clinical characteristics of these subjects along with nursing interventions were analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the length of stay, treatment outcome, and level of consciousness between thoracic injury patients who visited TER and ER. Average thoracic Abbreviated Injury Scale score and average Injury Severity Score of thoracic injury patients who visited TER were 3.13 and 13.54, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of patients who visited ER. The numbers of nursing actions applied was 4,819 for TER and 3,944 for ER, which were classified into five domains, 18 classes, and 56 interventions. The most domain of interventions carried out in both TER and ER was physiological: complex. Classes including Crisis management and Thermoregulation were not carried out in ER. On average, 16 more types of interventions were carried out in TER than in ER. Conclusion: This study demonstrated characteristics of thoracic injury patients and nursing interventions by emergency room type. Based on results of this study, standardized nursing interventions need be applied to thoracic injury patients visiting TER and ER.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.500-506
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 119 구급대 편성 인원에 따른 중증외상환자의 병원 전 응급처치 실태를 분석하고자 2015년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 J도 소속 119 구급대원에 의해 이송된 중증외상환자 1,067명 중 438명을 대상으로 수행하였으며, 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0으로 분석하였다. 연구기간 동안 발생한 중증외상환자는 성별로는 남성이 2인 및 3인 구급대에서 각각 242명(70.6%), 66명(69.5%)으로 더 많은 빈도를 보였으며, 이들 환자가 이송된 의료기관별로는 지역응급의료센터로 이송된 비율이 각각 44.0%(151명), 49.5%(47명)로 가장 높았다. 119 구급대 편성 인원에 따른 현장 체류시간은 2인 및 3인 구급대 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p=0.071), 전문기도유지술 및 정맥로 확보 시행빈도, 정맥로 확보 성공률에서도 각각 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.253, p=0.362, p=1.000). 본 연구 결과 단순한 양적 충원만으로는 중증외상환자의 병원 전 처치에 대한 질 향상에 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 판단되며, 전문 인력의 확보와 함께, 직접의료지도의 단순화 및 간접의료지도의 활성화, 법적 업무범위의 확대 등이 필요하다.

• Hip & pelvis
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine which intertrochanteric (IT) hip fracture and patient characteristics predict the necessity for adjunct reduction aides prior to prep and drape aiming for a more efficient surgery. Materials and Methods: Institutional fracture registries from two academic medical centers from 2017-2022 were analyzed. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, fracture patterns identified on radiographs including displacement of the lesser trochanter (LT), thin lateral wall (LW), reverse obliquity (RO), subtrochanteric extension (STE), and number of fracture parts were collected, and the need for additional aides following traction on fracture table were collected. Fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification. Regression analyses identified significant risk factors for needing extra reduction aides. Results: Of the 166 patients included, the average age was 80.84±12.7 years and BMI was 24.37±5.3 kg/m². Univariate regression revealed increased irreducibility risk associated with RO (odds ratio [OR] 27.917, P≤0.001), LW (OR 24.882, P<0.001), and STE (OR 5.255, P=0.005). Multivariate analysis significantly correlated RO (OR 120.74, P<0.001) and thin LW (OR 131.14, P<0.001) with increased risk. However, STE (P=0.36) and LT displacement (P=0.77) weren't significant. Fracture types 2.2, 3.2, and 3.3 displayed elevated risk (P<0.001), while no other factors increased risk. Conclusion: Elderly patients with IT fractures with RO and/or thin LW are at higher risk of irreducibility, necessitating adjunct reduction aides. Other parameters showed no significant association, suggesting most fracture patterns can be achieved with traction manipulation alone.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.232-239
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The recent increase in electric scooter (e-scooter) use has been accompanied by an increase in injuries from e-scooter-related accidents. Studies have reported that most such injuries are minor, and physicians may therefore underestimate the severity of such injuries. This study investigated the types and severity of injuries caused by isolated e-scooter accidents (i.e., those that did not involve colliding with other cars or falling from heights). Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from May to December 2021 at Dankook University Hospital tertiary medical center. The demographic data of patients injured in isolated e-scooter-related accidents were collected. All injuries were categorized by body part. Results: Fifty eligible patients visited our emergency department during the study period. Of these, 76% were categorized as nonemergency, and 62% were discharged after initial evaluation and treatment at the emergency department. Another 10% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 18% to the ward, with nine patients receiving at least one operation. The average hospital stays were 2.4 days in the ICU and 9 days in the ward. One death occurred due to traumatic brain injury (overall mortality rate, 2%). Multiple fractures of the left third through ninth ribs combined with lung laceration and fractures of T12 and L4 were noted. Conclusions: Various types and severities of injuries can occur in isolated e-scooter accidents. While most such injuries are minor, some will require ICU admission or surgery, and deaths can occur. Physicians should not underestimate the severity of such injuries.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.54-58
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The committee on trauma of the american college of surgeons, in its manual resources for optimal care of the injured patients involved in falls from less than 20 feet need not be taken to trauma centers. Because triage criteria dictate less urgency for low-level falls, this classification scheme has demerits for early detection and treatment of serious problems in the emergency room. Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted of 182 patients treated for fall-related trauma from June 2003 to March 2004. Falls were classified as group A (<3 m), group B (${\geq}3m$, <6 m), and group C (${\geq}6m$). Collected data included the patient's age, gender, site and height of fall, surface fallen upon, body area of first impact, body regions of injuries, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Results: The 182 patients were classified as group A (105) 57.7%, group B (61) 33.5%, and group C (16) 8.8%. There was a weak positive correlation between the height of fall and the patients' ISS in the three groups (p<0.001). There were significant differences in GCS (p=0.017), RTS (p=0.034), and ISS (p=0.007) between group A and B. In cases that the head was the initial impact area of the body, the GCS (p<0.001) and the RTS (p=0.002) were lower, but the ISS (p<0.001) was higher than it was for other type of injuries. Hard surfaces as an impact surface type, had an influence on the GCS (p<0.001) and the ISS (p=0.025). Conclusion: To simply categorize patients who fall over 6 meters as severely injured patients doesn't have much meaning, and though patients may have fallen less than 6 meters, they should be categorized by using the dynamics (impact surface type, initial body - impact area) of their fall.