• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.133-148
• /
• 2019

This paper reports on the energy absorption characteristics of a lattice-web reinforced composite sandwich cylinder (LRCSC) which is composed of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) face sheets, GFRP lattice webs, polyurethane (PU) foam and ceramsite filler. Quasi-static compression experiments on the LRCSC manufactured by a vacuum assisted resin infusion process (VARIP) were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed cylinders. Compared with the cylinders without lattice webs, a maximum increase in the ultimate elastic load of the lattice-web reinforced cylinders of approximately 928% can be obtained. Moreover, due to the use of ceramsite filler, the energy absorption was increased by 662%. Several numerical simulations using ANSYS/LS-DYNA were conducted to parametrically investigate the effects of the number of longitudinal lattice webs, the number of transverse lattice webs, and the thickness of the transverse lattice web and GFRP face sheet. The effectiveness and feasibility of the numerical model were verified by a series of experimental results. The numerical results demonstrated that a larger number of thicker transverse lattice webs can significantly enhance the ultimate elastic load and initial stiffness. Moreover, the ultimate elastic load and initial stiffness were hardly affected by the number of longitudinal lattice webs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2010.11a
• /
• pp.267-268
• /
• 2010

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.145-153
• /
• 2013

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat spinal metastases. To achieve the highest steep dose gradients and conformal dose distributions of target tumors, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques are essential to spine radiosurgery. The purpose of the study was to qualitatively compare IMRT and VMAT techniques with International Spine Radiosurgery Consortium (ISRC) contoured consensus guidelines for target volume definition. Planning target volume (PTV) was categorized as TB, $T_{BPT}$ and $T_{ST}$ depending on sectors involved; $T_B$ (vertebral body only), $T_{BPT}$ (vertebral body+pedicle+transverse process), and $T_{ST}$ (spinous process+transverse process). Three patients treated for spinal tumor in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar region were selected. Eacg tumor was contoured by the definition from the ISRC guideline. Maximum spinal cord dose were 12.46 Gy, 12.17 Gy and 11.36 Gy for $T_B$, $T_{BPT}$ and $T_{ST}$ sites, and 11.81 Gy, 12.19 Gy and 11.99 Gy for the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 techniques, respectively. Average fall-off dose distance from 90% to 50% isodose line for $T_B$, $T_{BPT}$, and $T_{ST}$ sites were 3.5 mm, 3.3 mm and 3.9 mm and 3.7 mm, 3.7 mm and 3.3 mm for the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 techniques, respectively. For the most complicated target $T_{BPT}$ sites in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions, the conformity index of the IMRT, RA1 and RA2 is 0.621, 0.761 and 0.817 and 0.755, 0.796 and 0.824 for rDHI. Both IMRT and VMAT techniques delivered high conformal dose distributions in spine stereotactic radiosurgery. However, if the target volume includes the vertebral body, pedicle, and transverse process, IMRT planning resulted in insufficient conformity index, compared to VMAT planning. Nevertheless, IMRT technique was more effective in reducing the maximum spinal cord dose compared to RA1 and RA2 techniques at most sites.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.90.2-90.2
• /
• 2013

Filament eruptions are one of the energetic phenomena on the solar surface with flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We observed the whole process of filament eruption that occurred in AR 11305 in association with a C5.6 flare on 2011 September 29th using the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The eruption consists of a slow phase with a transverse speed of ~10 km $s^{-1}$ in 16 minutes and a fast phase with a transverse speed of ~200 km $s^{-1}$ in 3 minutes. Near the beginning of slow phase eruption, preflare brightening occurred beneath the filament in $H{\alpha}$ and some EUV images. The preflare brightening region is associated with a blue-shifted $H{\alpha}$ feature with a speed of ~60 km $s^{-1}$. It appears that this is the outflow from magnetic reconnection which may have occurred at relatively low atmosphere. Our result support the notion that the preflare brightening is a process of magnetic reconnection playing an important role in triggering the filament eruption by deformative the magnetic field lines under the eruptive filament.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.83-87
• /
• 2008

Although a great deal of research has been carried out to solve the plate forming problem and to improve the effectiveness and productivity of the plate forming process, no practical way of automating the plate forming process has been proposed yet. Since characteristics of heating machines may vary, it is necessary to investigate the thermal deformation characteristics of the heating machine that will be used in the automation system its characteristics may be modified as new information about thermal deformation by heating becomes available. In this paper, experiments for line heating have been carried out to calculate the formula of predicting thermal deformation due to line heating with varying affecting parameters, and numerical study has been carried out to produce data beyond the range where a line heating test is impractical. Formulas of predicting transverse distortion and shrinkage have been proposed and derived, based on the present experimental and numerical works. This paper also illustrates how the formula has been modified as new experimental data are added.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop the control technology of the welding distortion caused by Auto NG-GTA(Narrow Gap-GTA) welding process at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment. Heat input model for Auto NG-GTA welding process was established and verified by measuring temperature change and molten pool shape at the bead-on-plate weldment. With the heat input model developed, the effect of tension load on the welding distortion at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment was evaluated using the thermo-elasto-plastic FE analysis. In accordance with FEA results, the angular distortion and transverse shrinkage sharply decreased with an increase in tension load. This result indicated that tensioning method was an effective countermeasure against the welding distortion of the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment.

• Journal of Powder Materials
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.400-405
• /
• 2017

The addition of a large amount of alloying elements reduces the compactibility and increases the compacting pressure, thereby shortening the life of the compacting die and increasing the process cost of commercial PM steel. In this study, the characteristic changes of Fe-Mo-P, Fe-Mn-P, and Fe-Mo-Mn-P alloys are investigated according to the Si contents to replace the expensive elements, such as Ni. All compacts with different Si contents are fabricated with the same green densities of 7.0 and $7.2g/cm^3$. The transverse rupture strength (TRS) and sintered density are measured using the specimens obtained through the sintering process. The sintered density tends to decrease, whereas the TRS increases as the Si content increases. The TRS of the sintered specimen compacted with $7.2g/cm^3$ is twice as high as that compacted with $7.0g/cm^3$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.295-316
• /
• 2008

In the present paper a mechanical model to predict the compressive response of high strength short concrete columns with square cross-section confined by transverse steel is presented. The model allows one to estimate the equivalent confinement pressures exercised by transverse steel during the loading process taking into account of the interaction of the stirrups with the inner core both in the plane of the stirrups and in the space between two successive stirrups. The lateral pressure distributions at hoop levels are obtained by using a simple model of elastic beam on elastic medium simulating the interaction between stirrups and concrete core, including yielding of steel stirrups and damage of concrete core by means of the variation in the elastic modulus and in the Poisson's coefficient. Complete stress-strain curves in compression of confined concrete core are obtained considering the variation of the axial forces in the leg of the stirrup during the loading process. The model was compared with some others presented in the literature and it was validated on the basis of the existing experimental data. Finally, it was shown that the model allows one to include the main parameters governing the confinement problems of high strength concrete members such as: - the strength of plain concrete and its brittleness; - the diameter, the pitch and the yielding stress of the stirrups; - the diameter and the yielding stress of longitudinal bars; - the side of the member, etc.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.101-101
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop the control technology of the welding distortion caused by Auto NG-GTA welding process at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment. For it, heat input model for Auto NG-GTA welding process was established and verified by measuring temperature change and molten pool shape at the bead-on-plate weldment. With heat input model developed, the effect of the tension load on the amount of welding distortion at the STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment was evaluated using the thermo-elasto-plastic FE analysis. In accordance with FEA results, the angular distortion and transverse shrinkage sharply decreased with an increase in tension load. This result indicates that tensioning method was verified as a countermeasure against the welding distortion of STS 304 multi-pass butt weldment.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2013

A new deformation of reinforcing bar in coils was proposed to improve a machinability of straightening process, which has crescent-shaped transverse ribs with an inclination angle of 50 degrees, a crest width of $0.15d_b$, and a flank inclination of 55 degrees. The proposed deformation can increase contact area between a surface of re-bar and a groove of a roller during a straightening process and, therefore, it might reduce a damage of ribs, improve a final straightness, and enhance an efficiency of the straightening process. Splice tests were conducted to evaluate bond strengths of three types of re-bar in coils including the proposed re-bar, of which the inclination angles of transverse ribs were 50, 60, and 90 degrees, respectively. Test results show that the re-bars in coils have higher bond strengths than predicted strengths by equations of Orangun et al., ACI 408, and KCI by at least 10%. Correlation coefficients of bond strengths between a straight bar and re-bars in coils are 0.94 and more. Consequently, equations of the KCI code for determining development and splice lengths can be applied to the tested re-bars in coils.