• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.9-9
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• 2019

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1928-1934
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• 2006

The rubradirin biosynthetic gene cluster harbors 58 ORFs within a 105.6-kb sequence, which includes all of the genes responsible for the synthesis of rubradirin, as well as the primary genes relevant to regulatory, resistance, and transport functions. This gene cluster also harbors a resistance-mediating ABC transporter, RubT1, which is located at the most upstream position in the cluster. In the present study, RubT1 was expressed heterologously in E. coli, and the resistance affinity of RubT1 was determined by an antibacterial activity test, as well as by HPLC and ESI-MS analyses. Evidence clearly demonstrates that RubTl mediates rubradirin resistance as an ABC transporter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2003

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, $^{+}NH_3CH_2CH_2{SO_3}^{-}$) is endogenous $\beta$-amino acid which is essential in fetal nutrition and development and is present in abundant quantities in several tissues of fetus. In utero, taurine deficiency causes abnormal development and abnormal function of brain, retina, kidney and myocardium. Thus, transfer of taurine into fetus is important during embryonic development. Taurine transporter (TauT) has 12 hydrophobic membrane -spanning domains, which is typical of the $Na^{+}$- and $Cl^{-}$-dependent transporter gene family. Among the various biosynthetic enzymes of taurine, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of taurine. However, the enzyme activities of taurine biosynthesis are limited in early stage of embryonic development. To analyze the expression period of TauT and CSD during embryonic development, we have investigated the gene expression of TauT and CSD using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mouse and chicken embryos. RT-PCR anaylsis revealed that both TauT and CSD mRNAs were already expressed at Day-4.5 in mouse embryo. In chicken whole embryo, TauT and CSD mRNAs began to appear on developing times of 48 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively. TauT mRNA was detected in the organs of heart, brain and eye of the day-3 chicken embryo. Our data show that TauT and CSD mRNAs were expressed in early stage of embryonic development.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 2009

A cDNA clone encoding a MDR-like ABC transporter protein was isolated from Brassica rapa seedlings, through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). This gene (named as Brmdr 1; GenBank accession no.: DQ296184 ) had a total length of 4222 bp with an open reading frame of 3900 bp, and encoded a predicted polypeptide of 1300 amino acids with a molecular weight of 143.1 kDa. The BrMDR1 protein shared 71.0, 62.5, 60.0 and 58.2% identity with other MDR proteins isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana (AAN28720), Coptis japonica (CjMDR), Gossypium hirsutum (GhMDR) and Triticum aestivum (TaMDR) at amino acid level, respectively. Southern blot analysis showed that Brmdr1 was a low-copy gene. Expression pattern analysis revealed that Brmdr1 constitutively expressed in the root, stem petals and stamens, but with lower expression in leaves and open flowers. The domains analysis showed that BrMDR1 protein possessed two transmembrane domains (TMDs) and two nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) arranging in "TMD1-NBD1-TMD2-NBD2" direction, which is consistent with other MDR transporters. Within NBDs three characteristic motifs common to all ABC transporters, "Walker A", "Walker B" and C motif, were found. These results indicate that BrMDR1 is a MDR-like ABC transporter protein that may be involved in the transport and accumulation of secondary metabolites.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.28.1-28.12
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• 2018

Intertidal macroalgae are exposed to many abiotic stress factors, and they must regularly react to changes in their environment. We used RNA-seq to describe how Porphyra umbilicalis (Rhodophyta) changes gene expression patterns to interact with different habitats. Tissue samples were taken from a typical habitat along the open-coast of the Northwest Atlantic, as well as from a rare, atypical habitat in an estuarine tidal rapid environment. Differential gene expression analyses suggest that pathogic bacteria and viruses may be a significant factor influencing the transcriptome in the human-impacted estuarine environment, but the atypical habitat does not necessarily induce more stress in Porphyra umbilicalis growing there. We found genes related to nitrogen transport are over-expressed in tissue from the open-coastal site compared to those from the estuarine site, where environmental N levels approach hypertrophic levels. Low N levels impede growth, but high levels are toxic to cells, and we use qPCR to show this species regulates expression of a putative high-affinity $NH_4{^+}$ transporter under low and high N conditions. Differences in expression of this transporter in these habitats appear to be inherited from parent to offspring and have general implications for adaptation to habitat in other species that are capable of asexual reproduction, as well as more specific implications for this species' use in aquaculture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2485-2489
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• 2014

In the present study, we studied the hypermethylation of the human riboflavin transporter 2 (hRFT2) gene and regulation of protein expression in biopsies from resected tissues from Uighur cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients and their neighboring normal tissues. hRFT2 gene promoter region methylation sequences were mapped in cervical cancer cell line SiHa by bisulfite-sequencing PCR and quantitative detection of methylated DNA from 30 pairs of Uighur's CSCCs and adjacent normal tissues by MassARRAY (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA) and hRFT2 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In SiHa, we identified 2 CG sites methylated from all of 12CpG sites of the hRFT2 gene. Analysis of the data from quantitative analysis of single CpG site methylation by Sequenom MassARRAY platform showed that the methylation level between two CpG sites (CpG 2 and CpG 3) from CpG 1~12 showed significant differences between CSCC and neighboring normal tissues. However, the methylation level of whole target CpG fragments demonstrated no significant variation between CSCC ($0.476{\pm}0.020$) and neighboring normal tissues ($0.401{\pm}0.019$, p>0.05). There was a tendency for translocation the hRFT2 proteins from cytoplasm/membrane to nucleus in CSCC with increase in methylation of CpG 2 and CpG 3 in hRFT2gene promoter regions, which may relate to the genesis of CSCC. Our results suggested that epigenetic modifications are responsible for aberrant expression of the hRFT2 gene, and may help to understand mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

Using a random arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, messenger RNA expression levels were assessed after exposure to 10% (v/v) toluene for 8 hr in solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106. Among the 100 up-expressed products, 50 complementary DNA fragments were confirmed to express repeatedly; these were cloned and then sequenced. Blast analysis revealed that toluene stimulated an adaptive increase in the gene expression level in association with transcriptions such as LysR family of transcriptional regulators and RNA polymerase factor sigma-32. The expression of catalase and Mn2+/Fe2+ transporter genes functionally associated with inorganic ion transport and metabolism increased, and the increased expression of type IV pilus assembly PilZ and multi-sensor signal transduction histidine kinase genes, functionally categorized into signal transduction and mechanisms, was also demonstrated under toluene stress. The gene expression level of beta-hexosaminidase in association with carbohydrate transport and metabolism increased, and those of DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon, DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase II, DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain-containing protein, and ABC transporter also increased after exposure to toluene in DNA replication, recombination, and repair, and even in defense mechanism. In particular, the RNAs corresponding to the ABC transporter, Mn2+/Fe2+ transporter, and the β-hexosaminidase gene were confirmed to be markedly induced in the presence of 10% toluene. Thus, defense mechanism, cellular ion homeostasis, and biofilm formation were shown as essential for toluene tolerance in Pseudomonas sp. BCNU 106.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2001

The transport and allocation of photosynthetic assimilate is an important regulatory factor in plant productivity, In order to modify assimilate partitioning in rice, transgenic plants containing a potato sucrose transporter (SuT) gene were developed. Calli derived from rice seeds (Oryza sativa L. cv Dongjin) were cocultured with A. tumefaciens LBA 4404 harboring the SuT gene. Calli were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 50 mg/L hygromycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin, 2 mg/L kinetin, 0.1 mg/L NAA. After 2 weeks, hygromycin resistant shoots were obtained from the calli on the selection medium. Roots were induced from the putative transgenic shoots on rooting MS medium supplemented with 250 mg/L cabenicillin. Plant regeneration rate from the calli was about 150%. Stable incorporation of the potato SuT gene into rice genomic DNA was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.489-492
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• 2007

Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a disorder characterized by impaired urate handling in the renal tubules. This disease usually produces no symptoms, but hematuria, uric acid nephrolithiasis or acute renal failure may develop. A defect in the SLC22A12 gene, which encodes the human urate transporter, is the known major cause of this disorder. We describe a 10-month-old boy with idiopathic renal hypouricemia. He was diagnosed with transient pseudohypoaldosteronism at admission, but hypouricemia was accidentally found through follow-up study. By gene analysis, his diagnosis was confirmed to idiopathic renal hypouricemia. In addition, we report a mutation in the human urate transporter 1 (hURAT1) gene identified in his family.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.465-471
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• 2018

My professional journey to understand the glucose homeostasis began in the 1990s, starting from cloning of the promoter region of glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) gene that led us to establish research foundation of my group. When I was a graduate student, I simply thought that hyperglycemia, a typical clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), could be caused by a defect in the glucose transport system in the body. Thus, if a molecular mechanism controlling glucose transport system could be understood, treatment of T2DM could be possible. In the early 70s, hyperglycemia was thought to develop primarily due to a defect in the muscle and adipose tissue; thus, muscle/adipose tissue type glucose transporter (GLUT4) became a major research interest in the diabetology. However, glucose utilization occurs not only in muscle/adipose tissue but also in liver and brain. Thus, I was interested in the hepatic glucose transport system, where glucose storage and release are the most actively occurring.