• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.3 s.110
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• pp.135-140
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• 2005

Vegetable transplanting operation has been wholly depended on human labor that needs 18.4 hrs per 10 acres in Korea. Since periods of vegetable transplanting operations are limited, their mechanization has been strongly demanded. This study was conducted to develop a transplanting device that was the core technology for vegetable transplanter. In order to find out transplanting track and velocity of transplanting device, a kinematic analysis software was employed. Evaluation of prototype was carried out in the circular soil bin with high speed camera. Rotary type transplanting device produced an elliptic loci when two links of different lengths were moving to the opposite direction. The length of two links was 75mm and 44mm, respectively. Maximum displacement of rotary type transplanting device was 238mm. It seemed that the transplanting elliptic loci of transplanting device were identical between the simulation output generated by kinematic analysis software and the circular soil bin test result with a high speed camera. The rotary type transplanting device can be suitable fur transplanting short height vegetable, less than 20 cm length vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and cabbage, etc.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.127-138
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• 2018

In this study, the operational characteristics of a domestic vegetable transplanter were investigated. The main functional components and power path of the tranplanter were analyzed. The link structure of transplanting device waskinematically analyzed, and 3D modeling and dynamic simulation were performed. Based on this analysis, the trajectory of the bottom end of the transplanting hopper was analyzed. Also, the plant spacing according to the engine speed and the shifting stage of transplanting transmission was analyzed and verified by field test. As main results of this study, the transplanting device is one degree of freedom(DOF) 4-bar link type mechanism which comprises 10 links and 13 rotating joints. The transplanting hopper plants seedlings in a vertical direction while maintaining a constant posture by the links of transplanting device. The power is transmitted to both the driving part and transplanting part from the engine, and the maximum and minimum plant spacing of the transplanting device were 428.97 mm and 261.20 mm.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-49
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• 2004

Objective of the study was to develop a garlic clove metering device. The metering device consisted of a drum, a bucket and a bucket cover. A garlic clove simulator was designed to simulate motions of garlic cloves in the metering device. Simulation was performed using a multibody dynamic analysis program, RecurDyn version 5.1. Physical properties of garlic cloves such as mass and center of gravity were determined using 3D CAD modeler, IDEAS version 10.0. In order to compare the results of the simulation with actual movement of a garlic, movement of garlic clove was photographed by a high speed camera. A prototype metering device was built and tested under various metering speeds and metering guide angles. At the 12 rpm metering speed, rate of single-clove-discharge was $90.0\%$ and missing rate $1.3\%$ at $5^{\circ}$.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 2019

In this study, the operational characteristics of a cam-type vegetable transplanter which usually used in domestic was analyzed and operating mechanism of a transplanting device was analyzed. The main components and power path of the transplanter were analyzed. The maximum and minimum control cycles according to the moving speed and the plant spacing were analyzed. 3D modeling and simulation were performed to derive the trajectory of the bottom end of the transplanting hopper and the plant spacing at the each operating condition. The simulation results were verified by the field tests. As main findings of this study, the transplanting device has one degree of freedom (DOF) which consist of 13 links, 17 rotating joints and 1 half joint, and each part has composite structure with cam and links. By continuous and repetitive motion of the structures of transplanting device, the transplanting hopper plants the seedling in the ground with a vertical direction, and the seedling was planted stably. The power is transmitted to the driving part and transplanting device from the engine, and the maximum and minimum plant spacing of the transplanting device were about 900 mm and 350 mm, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

This study was carried out to develop gripper which to adaptive variable tray and to develop automatic transplanting system for seedling-production system between tray. This system consisted of five set of gripper and end-effector, a planting-width control unit, a tray transfer unit, and gripper moving device which move gripper between nursing tray and growing tray. This system used push-out rod to grasp plant instead of pull-out end -effector. Several types of fingers, which physically grip seedlings, were also developed and tested to ensure reliable transplanting operation of the gripper. The transplanting system detaches seedlings from a tray with push-o0ut rods, which were installed under the tray transfer unit. The performance of the transplanting system was evaluated by successive transplanting experiments. Using the best type of finger , the transplanting system produced 94.6% of transplanting success rate.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a vegetable transplanting robot which transplants seedlings from a nursery tray to a plant pot using its four fingers. Method: The robot consists of the transplanting part, nursery tray moving part, plant pot moving part, main frame and controller. Two moving parts are controlled by the photo sensor and servo motor. The transplanting part was composed with two components; transporting device using E-MY2H(SMC Corp., Japan) for controlling finger position accurately and finger for transplanting the seedling. Results: Head lettuce using the transplanting robot was transplanted in 21 days after sowing based upon the seed shape measurement and removing examination. The optimal finger shape was thin pin type because it caused minimum damage to the roots of seedlings. Conclusions: The four inclined pin type was applied to remove the seedlings from the nursery tray. In addition, the transplanting capacity of the developed robot was 2800 pots per hour and the rate of success was 99% and above.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.2 s.109
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• pp.81-88
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• 2005

Manual transplanting Chinese cabbage needs 184 hours per ha in Korea. Mechanization of Chinese cabbage transplanting operation has been highly required because it needs highly intensive labor during peak season. This study was conducted to developed walking-type Chinese cabbage transplanter. In order to find out design factor of the transplanter, a kinematic analysis software, RecurDyn, was used. The prototype was tested in the circular soil bin and its operating motion was captured and analyzed using high speed camera system. Prototype was one row type which utilized original parts of engine, transmission and etc. from walking-type rice transplanter in order to save the manufacturing cost. Success ratio of pick-up device of hole-pin type and latch type were $96.0\%$ and $99.2\%$, respectively. which was highly affected by feeding accuracy of feeding device of seedling. Transplanting device of the prototype produced a elliptic loci which were coincident with those produced by the computer simulation. Prototype proved good performance in transplanting with mulching and without mulching operation, either. Working performance of prototype was 22 hours per ha and operation cost of the prototype was 961,757 won per ha. So, it would reduce $88\%$ of the labor and $29\%$ of operation cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 1996

The mechanism of the mulch film cutter assembly designed as an integral part of a rice transplanting device was developed for mulching cultivation of early season culture rice. This mulch film cutter assembly was directly attached to the transplanting device of the rotary type Japanese transplanter. The principle is that the knife cut a planting slit on the polyethylene film while the planting finger immediately plants seedling into the soil through the planting slit. Computer results implied that the knife of the mulch film cutter assembly can make appropriate planting slit on the polyethylene film as the planting finger effectively plants the seedlings into the paddy soil through the same planting slits.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Since SRC (Short-term Rotation Coppice) such as poplar and willow can be harvested in three years, they are known to be a potential forest biomass as fuel for a power plant. The production system including transplanting and harvesting is, however, necessary to be mechanized because such a biomass should be handled in a massive volumetric size. A pull-type stem-cutting transplanter was developed in the research as the first step to realize the production of SRC. A needle-like transplanting device pushes a stem-cutting into the prepared soil bed by a pneumatic cylinder, and another device firms soil around a stem-cutting transplanted. Since this is an intermittent operation, it was necessary to develop a zero horizontal velocity mechanism which enabled only the transplanting needle part to continue a zero horizontal movement relative to the ground during the transplanting operation even when the tractor kept moving forward. The 2-row transplanter can transplant stem-cuttings at the rate of 6.5 seconds per row without missing a single attempt. The planting depth and distance were well maintained and controlled. Their CVs were between 2.1~3.4% and 0.87~1.7% for the depth and the distance, respectively. Although, the transplanted stem-cuttings tended to lean outward from the back-view and forward from the side view, they were planted within the range of $3^{\circ}$ from the upright position.