• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권5호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2017

Measuring the thickness of thin films is strongly required in the display industry. In recent years, as the size of a pattern has become smaller, the substrate has become larger. Consequently, measuring the thickness of the thin film over a wide area with low spatial sampling size has become a key technique of manufacturing-yield management. Interferometry is a well-known metrology technique that offers low spatial sampling size and the ability to measure a wide area; however, there are some limitations in measuring the thickness of the thin film. This paper proposes a method to calculate the thickness of the thin film in the following two steps: first, pre-estimation of the thickness with the phase at the peak position of the interferogram at the bottom surface of the thin film, using white-light phase-shift interferometry; second, accurate correction of the measurement by fitting the interferogram with the theoretical pattern through the estimated thickness. Feasibility and accuracy of the method has been verified by comparing measured values of photoresist pattern samples, manufactured with the halftone display process, to those measured by AFM. As a result, an area of $880{\times}640$ pixels could be measured in 3 seconds, with a measurement error of less than 12%.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

Cloud computing emerges as a new computing paradigm which targets reliable and customizable services. The term builds on decades of research in virtual machine, distributed and parallel computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web service, and software as a service. In this paper, we provide a seamless connection migration of web services. This is useful for cloud computing environment in which many client terminals have mobility. With the wireless internet facility, those mobile users can move place to place during internet communication. Therefore, we provide solutions to the two major problems in current virtualization based migration: communication failure problems and connection re-establishment. Communication channel flushing by zero window notification helps to resolve the communication failure problems and TCP port inheritance prevents connection re-establishment errors during socket reconstruction. Thus, our web service migration facility is now able to preserve open network connections, and even for server sockets. This is a highly transparent approach, in that we did not Introduce additional messages for channel flushing and did not make any modification to the TCP protocol stack. Experimental results show that the overhead due to connection migration of web services is almost negligible when compared with time to take the conventional web service migration.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

In the Korean capital market, there are three credit rating agencies. Potential credit ratings based on credibility in the financial market are calculated independently for each rating agency. It often happens that despite the fact that the grades of the rating agencies are the same and have the same rating system, their actual ratings are different, even for the same firm. In such circumstances, investors may wonder why. In this study, we assume that the cause is the information environment in which the company operates. The credit ratings of rating agencies are mainly classified into bonds or commercial papers. The bonds are rated primarily for long-term of three years or more, and commercial papers specify ratings for less than one year. The information environment to be verified in this study was observed with a commercial paper. Under the assumption the larger the analyst following is, the more transparent is the information environment, we analyzed the influence of the number of analysts following on the degree to which ratings conflicted among credit rating agencies. The results of our analysis confirmed that opinion conflict among credit rating agencies is clearly reduced for companies with good information environments.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.475-487
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• 2020

The paper aims to facilitate a discussion around how big data technologies and data from citizens can be used to help public administration, society, and policy-making to improve community's lives. This paper discusses opportunities and challenges of big data strategies for government, society, and policy-making. It employs the presentation of numerous practical examples from different parts of the world, where public-service delivery has seen transformation and where initiatives have been taken forward that have revolutionized the way governments at different levels engage with the citizens, and how governments and civil society have adopted evidence-driven policy-making through innovative and efficient use of big data analytics. The examples include the governments of the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and India, and different levels of government agencies in the public services of fraud detection, financial market analysis, healthcare and public health, government oversight, education, crime fighting, environmental protection, energy exploration, agriculture, weather forecasting, and ecosystem management. The examples also include smart cities in Korea, China, Japan, India, Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. This paper makes some recommendations about how big data strategies transform the government and public services to become more citizen-centric, responsive, accountable and transparent.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2021

Good Corporate Governance (GCG) has been implemented by companies, especially companies that have gone public. However, many local companies still have not applied the principles of GCG. This study examines the implementation of the CG concept which is not fully implemented in family businesses in Indonesia. Besides, this research also aims to find out the role of the Internal Audit function in enhancing GCG practices. This research is a qualitative study that uses in-depth interviews, observation, and data triangulation, to gather evidence from exploratory case studies conducted in three family business firms. The results of this study found that CG is essential for the successful run of family businesses. After analyzing the data, we developed a new theory called Islamic Integrity Governance. The Internal Auditor plays a key role in improving GCG and a vibrant and agile internal audit function can be an indispensable resource supporting sound corporate governance. The internal auditor provides objective assurance and insight on the effectiveness and efficiency of risk management, internal control, and governance processes. Therefore, the Internal Auditor is an important pillar for effective and efficient GCG implementation. This theory concludes several concepts such as THTCL (Trustworthy, Honest, Transparent, Creative, Loyal). Internal auditors are needed because the concept of control is useful for improving GCG in business.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2021

The global financial crisis in 2008 eroded trust towards the banking industry overall. To make such institutions more transparent, the International Accounting Standard Board developed the International Financial Reporting Standard 9 (IFRS 9). After the announcement of IFRS 9, academic research has primarily focused on examining the stability of banks due to early loan-loss recognition guidelines under the new system. There appears to be a lack of understanding of how IFRS 9 has influenced institutional depositors' opinions of bank trustworthiness. Hence the goal of this study is to determine how the adoption of IFRS 9 by banks has impacted perceptions of transparency, trust, and skepticism, from the perspective of large institutional depositors. This research was conducted in the context of Malaysian banks that follow the IFRS 9 guidelines. A framework is proposed using the signaling theory, leading to the development of a set of hypotheses. The hypotheses are tested with data collected from 654 financial analysts working in Malaysian companies that are large institutional depositors. The results indicate that the adoption of IFRS 9 has led to higher levels of perceptions of bank transparency and trust, and lower levels of skepticism towards such banks.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2021

본 연구는 인쇄매체가 영상매체로 재매개 되면서 콘텐츠가 변화되는 과정을 분석한다. 미디어를 통해 콘텐츠가 생산되고, 기존의 콘텐츠가 새로운 미디어에 흡수되면서 변화하는 과정을 관찰하여 재매개된 미디어의 특성을 파악한다. 재매개의 이중논리를 적용하여, 인쇄매체가 영상매체로 재매개되는 과정을 분석하고, 그 결과를 통해 매체의 변화와 변용을 이용한 재매개 방식이 디자인에 방법론에 적용될 수 있다는 가능성을 제시한다. 마블 코믹스는 마블 시네마틱 유니버스로 재매개 되었다. 아날로그 미디어가 새로운 미디어로 재매개되는 현상을 이해함으로써, 디자이너가 디자인을 할 때 재매개의 특성을 이용하여 결과물을 도출 할 수 있도록 디자인 방법론을 제시할 수 있다. 매체가 발달함에 따라 디자인의 범주도 넓어지고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 재매개를 이용한 디자인 방법론 제시되길 기대해 본다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2021

Blockchain is a technology that enables trust-based consensus and verification based on a decentralized network. Distributed ID (DID) is based on a decentralized structure, and users have the right to manage their own ID. Recently, interest in self-sovereign identity authentication is increasing. In this paper, as a method for transparent and safe sovereignty management of data, among data pseudonymization techniques for blockchain use, various methods for data encryption processing are examined. The public key technique (homomorphic encryption) has high flexibility and security because different algorithms are applied to the entire sentence for encryption and decryption. As a result, the computational efficiency decreases. The hash function method (MD5) can maintain flexibility and is higher than the security-related two-way encryption method, but there is a threat of collision. Zero-knowledge proof is based on public key encryption based on a mutual proof method, and complex formulas are applied to processes such as personal identification, key distribution, and digital signature. It requires consensus and verification process, so the operation efficiency is lowered to the level of O (log_eN) ~ O(N²). In this paper, data encryption processing for blockchain DID, based on zero-knowledge proof, was proposed and a one-way encryption method considering data use range and frequency of use was proposed. Based on the content presented in the thesis, it is possible to process corrected zero-knowledge proof and to process data efficiently.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.209-232
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• 2022

Purpose In the current environment of online shopping, the cost for consumers to obtain the information they need is decreasing, and the price of products is becoming more transparent, leading to increased price competition among enterprises for similar products. Given the widespread usage of limited-time promotion as a marketing method for enterprises in the context of e-commerce, it is great meaning to study and reveal the internal influence mechanism of limited-time promotion on consumers' impulsive consumption. Design/methodology/approach Based on the S-O-R theory, this study constructs a model of consumers' impulsive consumption in the context of e-commerce from the perspective of perceived price discount, with evoking sense and pleasure as mediating variables and perceived time pressure as moderating variables. Findings The results show that perceived price discount has a significant positive impact on evoking sense and pleasure. Evoking sense has a significant positive impact on pleasure. Both evoking sense and pleasure have a significant positive impact on consumers' impulsive consumption. Meanwhile, perceived time pressure plays a significant moderating role between perceived price discount and evoking sense, between perceived price discount and pleasure, and between evoking sense and consumers' impulsive consumption. Finally, based on the above findings, this study provides effective suggestions for e-commerce participants in the formulation of limited-time promotion strategies.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2023

Purpose: Virtual reality's impact on fashion distribution extends beyond singular transactions, facilitating the emergence of novel collaborations. As investigating the characteristics of fashion distribution channels in virtual reality, this study explores how the fashion industry can utilize virtual reality distribution channels to their maximum capacity while minimizing potential disadvantages. Research design, data, and methodology: The approach used to gather previous studies for this study adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. This method is widely acknowledged and recommended for its systematic and transparent approach to selecting relevant literature. This kind of literature search plays a vital role in a systematic evaluation as it informs the results. Results: The finding indicates consistently a total of eight kinds of characteristics of fashion distribution channels in virtual reality. The result means that the attributes of fashion distribution channels in virtual reality are causing significant changes in the fashion industry, revolutionizing the consumer experience, and redefining the parameters of creativity and collaboration. Conclusions: In sum, the global reach and accessibility of modern technology enhance the capacity of fashion companies to expand their market presence. This facilitates their participation in intercultural interactions and allows them to serve a wide range of customers.