• 제목/요약/키워드: Transmission Shock

검색결과 100건 처리시간 0.027초

Comprehensive Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Plant Viruses in Imported Frozen Cherries and Blueberries

  • Ga-Eun Lee;Hyo-Jeong Lee;Rae-Dong Jeong
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • 제40권4호
    • /
    • pp.377-389
    • /
    • 2024
  • The possibility of new viruses emerging in various regions worldwide has increased due to a combination of factors, including climate change and the expansion of international trading. Plant viruses spread through various transmission routes, encompassing well-known avenues such as pollen, seeds, and insects. However, research on potential transmission routes beyond these known mechanisms has remained limited. To address this gap, this study employed metatranscriptomic analysis to ascertain the presence of plant viruses in imported frozen fruits, specifically cherries and blueberries. This analysis aimed to identify pathways through which plant viruses may be introduced into countries. Virome analysis revealed the presence of six species of plant viruses in frozen cherries and blueberries: cherry virus A (CVA), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), prunus virus F (PrVF), blueberry shock virus (BlShV), and blueberry latent virus (BlLV). Identifying these potential transmission routes is crucial for effectively managing and preventing the spread of plant viruses and crop protection. This study highlights the importance of robust quality control measures and monitoring systems for frozen fruits, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to mitigate the risk associated with the potential spread of plant viruses.

SKF96365 impedes spinal glutamatergic transmission-mediated neuropathic allodynia

  • Qiru Wang;Yang Zhang;Qiong Du;Xinjie Zhao;Wei Wang;Qing Zhai;Ming Xiang
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
    • /
    • 제27권1호
    • /
    • pp.39-48
    • /
    • 2023
  • Spinal nerve injury causes mechanical allodynia and structural imbalance of neurotransmission, which were typically associated with calcium overload. Storeoperated calcium entry (SOCE) is considered crucial elements-mediating intracellular calcium homeostasis, ion channel activity, and synaptic plasticity. However, the underlying mechanism of SOCE in mediating neuronal transmitter release and synaptic transmission remains ambiguous in neuropathic pain. Neuropathic rats were operated by spinal nerve ligations. Neurotransmissions were assessed by whole-cell recording in substantia gelatinosa. Immunofluorescence staining of STIM1 with neuronal and glial biomarkers in the spinal dorsal horn. The endoplasmic reticulum stress level was estimated from qRT-PCR. Intrathecal injection of SOCE antagonist SKF96365 dose-dependently alleviated mechanical allodynia in ipsilateral hind paws of neuropathic rats with ED50 of 18 ㎍. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that STIM1 was specifically and significantly expressed in neurons but not astrocytes and microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. Bath application of SKF96365 inhibited enhanced miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in a dosage-dependent manner without affecting miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Mal-adaption of SOCE was commonly related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the central nervous system. SKF96365 markedly suppressed ER stress levels by alleviating mRNA expression of C/ EBP homologous protein and heat shock protein 70 in neuropathic rats. Our findings suggested that nerve injury might promote SOCE-mediated calcium levels, resulting in long-term imbalance of spinal synaptic transmission and behavioral sensitization, SKF96365 produces antinociception by alleviating glutamatergic transmission and ER stress. This work demonstrated the involvement of SOCE in neuropathic pain, implying that SOCE might be a potential target for pain management.

변속 시스템의 자유도 자율 판단 알고리즘 (An Algorithm for Self-determing Degrees-of-freedom of Shifting Systems)

  • 임원식;박영일;이장무
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
    • /
    • 제5권6호
    • /
    • pp.202-214
    • /
    • 1997
  • In automotive industries, one of major issues is the shifting shock, which is brought out when two clutches are engaged in an automatic transmission. The engagement and disengagement if two clutches means the variation of the D.O.F(degree of freedom) of system. Therefore to analyze the shifting performance, the variation of D.O.F should be considered in detail. Generally, the programs for analyzing the shifting transients have been developed as the problem-dependent codes because the artificial maris were usually used to indicate the change of shifting phase. To develop a software applicable to a general mechanism of transmissions, a self-determining algorithm of D.O.F must be applied. Through the experiences for the last several years, a generalized analysis software of shifting mechanism(so called by POTAS-MSM Version 2.0) has been developed. In this study, some major ideas of the software and the concept for the analysis of shifting characteristics are presented. In addition to that, this paper shows how to self -determine D.O.F of he multi-slipping systems using the stick-slip criterion on a single slipping mechanism. By using this software, the shifting characteristics of a vehicle are analyzed and compared with the experimental results.

  • PDF

열충격 및 ${\alpha}$-amanitin과 cycloheximide의 처리를 통한 초기 계배의 체절 형성 기작에 대한 발생학적 연구 (Embryological Studies on Somitogenesis of Early Chick Embryos by heat shock and treatments of ${\alpha}$-amanitin and cycloheximide)

  • 최임순;박용빈;김옥용
    • Applied Microscopy
    • /
    • 제21권2호
    • /
    • pp.1-13
    • /
    • 1991
  • In order to investigate the factors of the control mechanism of somitogenesis, early chick embryos (H-H stage $8{\sim}13$) were treated with heat shock, ${\alpha}$-amanitin and cycloheximide and morphological changes of somite were examined by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In normal chick embryo, somites were formed from the somitomere which preexisted in segmental plate. Somites were wrapped with extracellular collagen fibrils and connected with neural tube, notochord and ectoderm. And then, somites were differentiated to sclerotome, dermatome and myotome by the interaction of nervous tissue. Abnormal somites were observed after formation of six or seven so mites in heat shock treated group. Amounts of collagen fibrils were obviously decreased in this group. In cycloheximide treated group, most so mites were smaller and neural tube formation was incomplete. Chromatins were condenced and formed several heterochromatins in the nucleus of somite cells. Lipid like cytoplasmic dense mass and lipid droplets were also observed. Segmentation of somites seemed to be normal progress in ${\alpha}$-amanitin treated group. Center of somite, however, hollowed in longitudinal sectioned samples. These results suggested that so mites were already existed in the segmental plate as the form of somitomere. Segmented somites were contacted with neural tube or notochord and the somites were tightly connected with each other by the extracellular collagen fibrils which were secreted from neuroepithelium and somite cells. Somites are thought to differentiate into sclerotome, dermatome and myotome by these interactions.

  • PDF

Palm-Size-Integrated Microwave Power Module at 1.35-GHz for an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for biomedical applications

  • Myung, C.W.;Kwon, H.C.;Kim, H.Y.;Won, I.H.;Kang, S.K.;Lee, J.K.
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.498-498
    • /
    • 2013
  • Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas have pioneered a new field of plasma for biomedical application bridging plasma physics and biology. Biological and medical applications of plasmas have attracted considerable attention due to promising applications in medicine such as electro-surgery, dentistry, skin care and sterilization of heat-sensitive medical instruments [1]. Traditional approaches using electronic devices have limits in heating, high voltage shock, and high current shock for patients. It is a great demand for plasma medical industrial acceptance that the plasma generation device should be compact, inexpensive, and safe for patients. Microwave-excited micro-plasma has the highest feasibility compared with other types of plasma sources since it has the advantages of low power, low voltage, safety from high-voltage shock, electromagnetic compatibility, and long lifetime due to the low energy of striking ions [2]. Recent experiment [2] shows three-log reduction within 180-s treatment of S. mutans with a low-power palm-size microwave power module for biomedical application. Experiments using microwave plasma are discussed. This low-power palm-size microwave power module board includes a power amplifier (PA) chip, a phase locked loop (PLL) chip, and an impedance matching network. As it has been a success, more compact-size module is needed for the portability of microwave devices and for the various medical applications of microwave plasma source. For the plasma generator, a 1.35-GHz coaxial transmission line resonator (CTLR) [3] is used. The way of reducing the size and enhancing the performances of the module is examined.

  • PDF

외부 충격 감도에 따른 실시간으로 탐지하고 전송하는 Door-Lock 시스템 (Door-Lock System to Detect and Transmit in Real Time according to External Shock Sensitivity)

  • 전병진;한군희;신승수
    • 한국융합학회논문지
    • /
    • 제9권7호
    • /
    • pp.9-16
    • /
    • 2018
  • 본 연구의 목적은 악의적인 사용자가 내부 출입을 위해 물리적인 충격으로 Door-Lock을 파손하는 경우가 있다. Door-Lock 시스템에 설정되어 있는 아날로그 변위 값과 일치하면 관리자 스마트폰에 실시간으로 파손 정보를 전송함으로써 신체 및 재산을 보호한다. 연구방법은 Door-Lock이 물리적인 충격으로 파손될 경우 등록된 사용자들에게 실시간으로 파손 정보를 전송하는 시스템을 제안한다. 그리고 Door-Lock에서 감지한 충격 정보와 감도조절부의 데이터를 비교한다. 제안한 시스템의 웹 서버에서는 Door-Lock에서 전송한 충격 정보를 DB에 저장한 후 충격 정보가 DB에 저장된 충격 감지 전송 기준 값보다 크면 SMS 모듈로 관리자에게 실시간으로 전송해서 악의적인 사용자의 불법적인 출입 정보를 확인한다.

우드파일 메타물질의 변수 별 진동 및 충격에 끼치는 영향 (Vibration and Impact Transmission for each Variable of Woodpile Metamaterial)

  • 하영선;황희윤;전성식
    • Composites Research
    • /
    • 제34권3호
    • /
    • pp.155-160
    • /
    • 2021
  • 메타물질은 자연발생 물질에서 발견되지 않는 특성을 만들 수 있는 여러가지 요소들의 복합체로, 힘의 방향을 변환하거나, 음의 강성을 만들거나, 진동 및 충격 특성을 바꿀 수 있다. 제작이 용이하고, 수직방향의 진동과 충격을 저감시키는데 탁월한 성능을 지닌 우드파일 메타물질의 경우, 충격 저감을 위해 충격 전달에 영향을 끼치는 변수에 대한 기초 연구가 필요하다. 최근 기하학적 요소에 따른 충격저감에 대해 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 재료적 변수가 충격저감에 끼치는 영향에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. 본 논문에서는 우드파일 실린더의 기하학적 특성(적층각도, 직경, 길이)과 재료적 특성(탄성계수, 비중, 포아송 비)을 변수화하여 유한요소해석이 진행되었다. 유한요소해석을 통해 우드파일 실린더가 충격을 전달하는 양상을 확인하고, 주효과도 분석을 통해 충격 힘과 에너지의 저감에 대한 변수 별 영향이 고찰되었고, 고속 푸리에 변환(FFT)을 통해 주파수 대역에 대한 분석이 진행되었다. 충격 힘과 진동을 저감시키기 위하여 실린더의 접촉 면적에 영향을 주는 변수들이 크게 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다.

대용량 무선전력전송 환경 유도현상 감쇄를 위한 차폐 특성 분석 (Analysis of Shielding Characteristics for Induction Phenomenon Attenuation of Large Capacity Wireless Power Transmission Environment)

  • 채동주;김영석;정진수;임현성;조성구;홍성준
    • 전기학회논문지
    • /
    • 제66권12호
    • /
    • pp.1844-1851
    • /
    • 2017
  • As the capacity of the wireless power transmission increases, a higher supply current which may induce current in nearby conductive parts requires. Induced current may affect electric shock to the human body and malfunction of the electrical equipment. In order to prevent such induced phenomena as a risk factor, shielding is required between the source of the wireless power transmission and the conductive parts. The resonance frequency for the large capacity wireless power transmission has the wavelength of several hundred meters, so most environments are included in the near-field area. By wave impedance, the electric field has higher density in the near-field area and needs to be analyze for protecting. For this purpose, it is necessary to select a substance having a larger electric conductivity and optimized shielding structure. In this paper, an aluminum base shielding structure was presented to conduct experiments on thickness, position, and heat dissipation. In the 35 kW, 60 kHz environments, the optimized 5T Al base shielding structure attenuates the induced current to 43 %.

버스용 병렬형 하이브리드 동력전달계의 개발 (VI) 제 6 편 : 하이브리드 동력전달계용 자동화 변속기의 변속 질 향상을 위한 변속 제어 알고리듬의 개발 (A Development of Parallel Type Hybrid Drivetrain System for Transit Bus Part 6 : A Development of Shift Control Algorithm for Improving the Shift Characteristics of the Hybrid Drivetrain with AMT)

  • 조성태;전순일;조한상;박영일;이장무
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
    • /
    • 제9권5호
    • /
    • pp.105-114
    • /
    • 2001
  • In this study, a shift control algorithm far improving the shift quality of a parallel hybrid drivetrain with an automated manual transmission (AM) is proposed. The general AMT requires the sophisticated control of clutch in the clutch engagement to improve its shift characteristics, and that is generally known to be difficult. But in this hybrid drivetrain, we can control the speeds of clutch plates by engine and motor control, and it provides the easier clutch control in shift process than general AMT. Additionally, it permits the much-reduced shift shock. The motor control during the shift period is also to achieve reduced velocity drop of the vehicle in comparison with that of a general AMT. Furthermore various dynamometer-based experiments are carried out to prove the validity of the proposed shift control algorithm.

  • PDF

송변전설비의 내진설계 및 보강대책 (Earthquake Design and Reinforcement Countermeasure for Transmission Line and Substation)

  • 민병욱;김강규;한병준;박인종;김영달
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
    • /
    • pp.432-433
    • /
    • 2011
  • Even though Korea has very low possibility that a big earthquake occurs like in Japan, China, Taiwan and United States of America, because it is located on the interior of Eurasian Plate, the earthquake which was struck northeast Japan in March 11th, 2011 gave a big shock to Korean. And small-medium earthquakes have been observed 922 times in Korea since 1978 when an earthquake hit Hong-seong and a seismographic station started observation. Moreover, the number of quakes has been on the increase. In case a big earthquake occurs like in northeast Japan, it would be a terrible disaster for Korean power utilities and brings mega effects on Korean society and economy. So it is necessary to apply anti-earthquake design for new power facilities and to reinforce existing facilities. Therefore, this paper would present anti-earthquake design for transmission line and substation and reinforcement measures for existing facilities.

  • PDF