• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2005

Purpose: Film dosimetry as a part of patient specific intensity modulated radiation therapy quality assurance (IMRT QA) was peformed to develop a new optimization method of film isocenter offset and to then suggest new quantitative criteria for film dosimetry. Materials and Methods: Film dosimetry was peformed on 14 IMRT patients with head and neck cancers. An optimization method for obtaining the local minimum was developed to adjust for the error in the film isocenter offset, which is the largest part of the systemic errors. Results: The adjust value of the film isocenter offset under optimization was 1 mm in 12 patients, while only two patients showed 2 mm translation. The means of absolute average dose difference before and after optimization were 2.36 and $1.56\%$, respectively, and the mean ratios over a $5\%$ tolerance were 9.67 and $2.88\%$. After optimization, the differences in the dose decreased dramatically. A low dose range cutoff (L-Cutoff) has been suggested for clinical application. New quantitative criteria of a ratio of over a $5\%$, but less than $10\%$ tolerance, and for an absolute average dose difference less than $3\%$ have been suggested for the verification of film dosimetry. Conclusion: The new optimization method was effective in adjusting for the film dosimetry error, and the newly quantitative criteria suggested in this research are believed to be sufficiently accurate and clinically useful.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.166-175
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop the optimization method for adjusting the film isocenter shift and to suggest the quantitative acceptable criteria for film dosimetry after optimization In the dynamic conformal arc radiation therapy (DCAR). The DCAR planning was peformed In 7 patients with brain metastasis. Both absolute dosimetry with ion chamber and relative film dosimetry were peformed throughout the DCAR using BrainLab's micro-multileaf collimator. An optimization method for obtaining the global minimum was used to adjust for the error in the film isocenter shift, which is the largest pan of systemic errors. The mean of point dose difference between measured value using ion chamber and calculated value acquired from planning system was $0.51{\pm}0.43\%$ and maximum was $1.14\%$ with absolute dosimetry These results were within the AAPM criteria of below $5\%$. The translation values of film isocenter shift with optimization were within ${\pm}$1 mm in all patients. The mean of average dose difference before and after optimization was $1.70{\pm}0.35\%$ and $1.34{\pm}0.20\%$, respectively, and the mean ratios over $5\%$ dose difference was $4.54{\pm}3.94\%$ and $0.11{\pm}0.12\%$, respectively. After optimization, the dose differences decreased dramatically and a ratio over $5\%$ dose difference and average dose difference was less than $2\%$. This optimization method is effective in adjusting the error of the film isocenter shift, which Is the largest part of systemic errors, and the results of this research suggested the quantitative acceptable criteria could be accurate and useful in clinical application of dosimetric verification using film dosimetry as follows; film isocenter shift with optimization should be within ${\pm}$1 mm, and a ratio over $5\%$ dose difference and average dose difference were less than $2\%$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3672-3681
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze subculture of professional football supporters with a view of Bourdieu's Habitus theory. What sorts of mechanism were worked when supporters formed their Habitus. The methods adopted in the article was qualitative. The qualitative information on the nature of their fandom was gleaned from 'virtual participant observation' or 'interviewing' of professional football fans that participated in discussions on the internet and participant observation of professional fans. The intensity and criteria sampling method was used to select 6 supporters who had participated in the supporting activities for more than five years and played crucial roles in running their organization as officials. The textual analysis which is consisting of translation, coding, and processing was used to mean the identification and exegesis of contextualization cues that make a text meaningful to the professional football supporters. an intended audience. The findings of this study were that (1) the subculture variety of activities for players and coaching staffs were the fundamental factors when supporters formed their subculture. (2) the professional supporters became habitus through the progressively development of subcultures such as enthusiastic supporters, small meetings, and events relating to soccer players.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of in-service education on the nurse-newborn play interaction. The research design adopted the pre-experimental design applied only for one pretest-posttest group and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework. The subjects were 26 nurses who were selected from 2 nurseries in general hospital in Pusan, and 52 healthy newborns who were after 4 days from birth during data collection period at the same hospital. The data were collected from June 1st to October 5th in 2001, by video-taping for the interactive behaviors between the nurse and the newborn, played for 5 minutes in nurseries 2 weeks before and after in-service education. The in-service education consisted of the newborn's behavior responses focused on the newborn baby's states, behavior, cues and state modulation, 3 times per 1 week, 90 minutes per 1 time, lecture, demonstration and hand out project. The experimental tool used for this research was Ha Young-Soo's Korean translation of the Maternal-Infant Play Interaction Scale by Thompson, Jody Baird, Sara Gordman, Bryant(1982), some parts of which were adapted to be suitable for the purpose of this research. Mother and baby scale by Wolke & James-Roberts(1987) was also modified and used as the criterion of nurse's perception of a newborn baby. The results of this study were as follows: 1. This result supported the major hypothesis : After the intervention of in-service education, the nurse and newborn play interaction was promoted. 2. After intervention of in-service education, the nurse perception of newborn, especially the criteria of newborn's reaction was promoted., The results of this research confirm that in-service education on the newborn's behavior responses such as states, behavior, cues and state modulation is an effective way to improve the interaction between the nurse and the baby. It elevated the nurse's sensitivities to the baby's needs. Therefore, in-service education can change the conditions of current nursing practice mostly centered on physical care into a better one in which nurses consider the emotional, social, and intellectual development stages of babies. Accordingly, in-service education contributed to promoting the effective nurse-newborn play interaction so positively.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1999

This study aims to analyze tile research trends of science education in Korea, and suggest the direction of the desirable research, which is to help the improvement of science education practically. To achieve these aims, the papers related to the science education (paper;1288, master′s thesis;724, doctoral thesis;59), which were published from 1992 to 1996 in Korea, are classified by the criteria for the analysis and summed up. The condensed results of this study are as follows, 1. The papers published through this period, maintains the stability in aspect of quantity compared with 1980s. It is owing to the efforts of the prime investigator so that "the science education," as a part of normal science, may settle down in Korea. 2. In the case of thesis for the academic degree, the doctoral theses are rare, as the ratio of the doctoral vs. the master′s is 1:13. Even so, most of the theses were produced by a few universities(master′s thesis/Kor. Nat. Univ. of Edu.;28.3%, Ewha Woman′ Univ.;16.2%, doctoral thesis/Seoul Nat. Univ.;57.6%, Kor. Nat. Univ. of Edu.;22.0%). 3. Most of papers are preponderant at three categories among the ten categories proposed by this study (science teaching-learning material;23.5%, science teaching methods;21.4%, psychology of science education;21.1%). 4. Concerning the subject of research, these papers are not diversity and intensive, that is; the subject related to scientific concepts, scientific thinking and attitude, and analysis of scientific textbook is 17.7%, 14.3%, and 10.5% of the total, respectively. 5. Though not including this study, among the theses for the master of science education, many of theses are related to the subject of pure science. There are some suggestions related to tile results of this study. The severe preponderance ill the training process, the subject, and area of research, can be pointed out one of the flimsy in our researches of science education. Because these cannot be considered separately, the policy and support of educational administration must be needed to remove this phenomena. To improve the present situation of science education, the research funds have to be given to the practical than the theoretical subjects. Which can make promptly a settlement of tile problems and difficulties from the field of science education, and encourage the reseal,:h activities that tile front teachers take part in. Lately, the accumulation of literature and references are a prior condition in the development of academic knowledge. Therefore the data base system for the information of science education and translation of foreign literature related to science education must be achieved. In addition, the programs that tile teacher and the investigator can make good use of such an information without limited conditions, must be prepared.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

Recently, the use of speech-based interfaces is increasing as a means for human-computer interaction (HCI). Accordingly, interest in post-processors for correcting errors in speech recognition results is also increasing. However, a lot of human-labor is required for data construction. in order to manufacture a sequence to sequence (S2S) based speech recognition post-processor. To this end, to alleviate the limitations of the existing construction methodology, a new data construction method called Back TranScription (BTS) was proposed. BTS refers to a technology that combines TTS and STT technology to create a pseudo parallel corpus. This methodology eliminates the role of a phonetic transcriptor and can automatically generate vast amounts of training data, saving the cost. This paper verified through experiments that data should be constructed in consideration of text style and domain rather than constructing data without any criteria by extending the existing BTS research.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.159-192
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to validate the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), a tool for measuring reactive-proactive aggression, in the context of South Korea. A thorough translation was conducted in collaboration with the original author. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), rating scale model (Rasch), differential item functioning (DIF), and convergent validity were performed on a sample of 510 South Korean individuals. The results revealed a two-factor structure of reactive and proactive aggression after removing one item showing dual loading. Rating scale analysis based on the Rasch model indicated the appropriateness of the 3-point Likert scale, with all items meeting fit criteria. Although the separation index and separation reliability of proactive aggression was marginally lower, the overall discrimination between participants and items was satisfactory. Examination of participant-item distribution indicated a suitable alignment between reactive aggression and participant ability levels, whereas proactive aggression exhibited slightly elevated item difficulty. Furthermore, three items were found to function differently based on gender. A moderate but statistically significant positive correlation was found between the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-R (Korean version) and RPQ from the results of the convergent validity evaluation. Overall, this study employed rigorous statistical methods to validate the suitability of the RPQ for use in Korea, taking cultural nuances into account, and introduced the concepts of reactive and proactive aggression to the Korean general population.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2010

Software for GafChromic EBT2 film dosimetry was developed in this study. The software provides film calibration functions based on color channels, which are categorized depending on the colors red, green, blue, and gray. Evaluations of the correction effects for light scattering of a flat-bed scanner and thickness differences of the active layer are available. Dosimetric results from EBT2 films can be compared with those from the treatment planning system ECLIPSE or the two-dimensional ionization chamber array MatriXX. Dose verification using EBT2 films is implemented by carrying out the following procedures: file import, noise filtering, background correction and active layer correction, dose calculation, and evaluation. The relative and absolute background corrections are selectively applied. The calibration results and fitting equation for the sensitometric curve are exported to files. After two different types of dose matrixes are aligned through the interpolation of spatial pixel spacing, interactive translation, and rotation, profiles and isodose curves are compared. In addition, the gamma index and gamma histogram are analyzed according to the determined criteria of distance-to-agreement and dose difference. The performance evaluations were achieved by dose verification in the $60^{\circ}$-enhanced dynamic wedged field and intensity-modulated (IM) beams for prostate cancer. All pass ratios for the two types of tests showed more than 99% in the evaluation, and a gamma histogram with 3 mm and 3% criteria was used. The software was developed for use in routine periodic quality assurance and complex IM beam verification. It can also be used as a dedicated radiochromic film software tool for analyzing dose distribution.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2004

Objectives: Although many studies on seasonal variations in mood and behavior have been carried out in foreign countries, no such study has previously been undertaken in Korea. The goal of this study was to estimate the frequency of seasonal variations in mood and behavior among Korean medical students. Methods: 297 medical students from Korea University College of Medicine participated in this study. The subjects were surveyed with a Korean translation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), and their responses were evaluated for seasonal patterns of mood and behavioral change, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD), derived from the case-finding criteria of Kasper et al. Results: The mean global seasonality score was 6.6 (SD=3.6). 83.5% (N=248) of the subjects reported some changes in behavior and mood associated with the seasons. Only 3.7% (N=11) reported no behavioral changes across the seasons. Total prevalence rates were 15.2% for SAD, and 2.7% for S-SAD. The estimated frequencies were 3.0% for summer SAD, 2.7% for summer S-SAD, 11.4% for winter SAD, and 5.8% for winter S-SAD. The prevalence rates for winter SAD or S-SAD were higher than the prevalence rates for summer SAD or S-SAD. Conclusion: These results suggest that seasonal variations in mood and behavior are common among Koreans. The higher prevalence rate of winter SAD or S-SAD than summer SAD or S-SAD is consistent with most western studies and stands in contrasts to studies in other Asian countries, such as Japan and China.