• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.439-442
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• 2007

This study is on the development of optimal method for transforming cadastral map to be referred to KGD2002. The method was developed by referring to the method used at transforming Korean National Digital Topographic Map to be referred to KGD2002 and analysing the records about making cadastral map. We tested the method by transforming the cadastral maps of three sample sites and analysing the accuracy of transformed maps. It was proved that the method could be used at transforming cadastral map to be referred to KGD2002 for the propose of being related to National Digital Topographic Map, National GIS data, and so on. We also introduce the longitudinal process for transforming national cadastral maps to be used as a data to verify land ownership.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Transforming growth factor-$\beta$ is a pleiotropic growth factor that has enthralled many investigators for approximately two decades. In addition to many reports that have clarified the basic mechanism of transforming growth factor-$\beta$ signal transduction, numerous laboratories have published on the clinical implication/application of transforming growth factor-$\beta$. To name a few, dysregulation of transforming growth factor-$\beta$ signaling plays a role in carcinogenesis, autoimmunity, angiogenesis, and wound healing. In this report, we will review these clinical implications of transforming growth factor-$\beta$.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.203-208
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the transforming characteristics of village at the urban fringe, which are influenced by the urbanization. Three areas in the urban fringe are selected for the case study. The changed conditions in the spatial structure of those areas are reviewed through following factors : street system, an entrance of village, a boundary of village, community facility, development density, housing type, building use. The transforming characteristics are analyzed as a result of the research. In result, the community facility, development density, housing type and building use are changed largly in the transforming characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1995

계배 limb bud 간충직 연골원성 세포로부터 연골세포로의 분화에 미치는 transforming growth factor-f2(TGF-$\beta$2)의 영향을 알아보기 위하여, Hamburger-Hamilton stages 23/24의 간충직 세포들을 미세배양법으로 배양하면서. TGF-$\beta$2의 농도 및 처리시간에 따른 연골세포의 분화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다 그 결과 TGF-$\beta$2는 배양 첫 24시간 동안 1-2 ng/ml의 농도로 처리하였을 때 가장 효과적으로 연골세포의 분화를 촉진하였으며, 또한 TGF-$\beta$2의 처리군에서 배양 3일째에 tsss) sulfate의 glycosaminoglvcan으로의 유입량이 현저히 증가함을 보였다 한편. 배양 48시간내에TGF-$\beta$2를 처리한 경우 분화를 촉진 유도한 반면, 배양 48시간 이후에 처리하였을 때에는 분화 촉진 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 TGF-$\beta$2는 연골원 세포의 분화 초기단계에 세포외기질의 합성을 촉진시켜 세포응축을 유발하고. 세포-세포 및 세포-세포외기질의 상호작용을 증대시킴으로써 연골세포로의 분화를 촉진시킬 것으로 추정되었다.

• School Mathematics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2015

This study examined mathematics class using the CAS(Computer Algebra Systems, CAS) targeted for high school first grade students. We examined what kind of transforming of representations got up according to mathematics subject contents at this classroom. This study analyzed 15 math lessons during one month and the focus of analysis was on the classroom teacher. In particular, for transformations among representations this study mainly investigated from theoretical frameworks such as transparent and opaque representation of Lesh, Behr & Post(1987), descriptive and depictive representation of Kosslyn(1994). According to the results of this study, CAS technology affected the transforming of representations in high school math class and this transforming of representations improved the students' thinking and understanding of mathematical concepts and provided the opportunity to create the representation of individual student. Such results of this study suggest the importance of CAS technology's role in transforming of representations. and they offer the chance to reconsider the fact that CAS technology could be used to improve students' ability of transforming representations at the mathematics class.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2022

This study investigated the aspects of how three preservice elementary school teachers conducted the data-text transforming discourses in their science simulation teaching and how their epistemological conversations worked for learners' construction of scientific knowledge. Three preservice teachers, who had presented simulation teaching on the seasonal change of constellations, participated in the study. The results revealed that one preservice teacher, who had implemented the transforming discourses of data-to-evidence and model-to-explanation, appeared to facilitate learners' knowledge construction. The other two preservice teachers had difficulty helping learners construct science knowledge due to their lack of transforming discourses. What we should consider for improving preservice elementary school teachers' teaching competencies was discussed based on a detailed comparison of three cases of preservice teachers' data-text transforming.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.429-447
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• 1996

Transforming growth factor $-{\beta}$ is one of the polypeptide growth factors that mediate the activity of mesenchymal cells and regulate wound healing process via cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix formation. The purposes of this study is to evaluate the effects of transforming growth factor $-{\beta}$ on the protein synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts. The cells which were prepared were primary cultured gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells from humans, and the fourth or sixth subpassage were used in the experiments. Cells were seeded and at a confluent state, 0, 0.5, I, 2.5, 5, 10 ng/ml $TGF-{\beta}$ and $2{\mu]Ci/ml\;[^3H]$ proline were added to the cells and cultured for 24 hours. Then, 1 and 5 ng/ml concentrations were selected and added to confluent cells and cultured for 24 and 48 hours. They were labeled with $2{\mu}Ci/ml\;[^3H]$ proline for 24 hours and a collagen assay was done by the Peterkofsky and Diegelman method. The results were presented as the mean disintegration per minute (dpm) per well and S.D. of four determinations, The results were as follows. : The total protein, collagen and noncollagenous protein synthesis in periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were increased dose- dependently by transforming growth factor-p to 2.5-5 ng/ml concentration and decreased at 10 ng/ml concentration. The percent of collagen was slightly changed according to the concentration of transforming growth factor-po The effect of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ was not specific for collagen synthesis since it increased the total, noncollagenous and collagenous protein, simultaneously. In the comparison of protein synthetic activity between the human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts, the human gingival fibroblasts had higher activities than the human periodontal ligament cells at all times and concentrations of $TGF-{\beta}$. In the comparison of protein synthetic activity between the 24 hour effect and the 48 hour effect of $TGF-{\beta}$, the 48 hour cultured cells' synthetic activity decreased more than the 24 hour cultured cells at human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts. In conclusion, $TGF-{\beta}$ has important roles in the stimulation of protein synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts. Thus, it may be useful for clinical application in periodontal regenerative procedures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.334-340
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• 1998

Stimulatory effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth $factor-{\alpha}$($TGF-{\alpha}$) on the growth of squamous cancer cell lines established from human oral cancer tissue with moderate differentiation were studied in vitro. After culturing in serum-free media for 24 hours, growth factors-EGF only, $TGF-{\alpha}$ only and EGF, $TGF-{\alpha}$ together-were added to the media and numbers of cells were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and compared with the control at 96, 144 hours. Each of EGF and $TGF-{\alpha}$ showed statistically significant stimulatory effects on the growth of cells respectively. Dose-dependent relationship of the stimulatory effects were not clearly demonstrated. The effects of EGF were higher than those of $TGF-{\alpha}$ and combinative administration showed higher effects than those of single uses. In conclusion, EGF may play an important and major role in differentiation and growth of human oral squamous cancer cells. $TGF-{\alpha}$, produced from cells activated by EGF, also can stimulate the cell growth and could be an alternative ligand for EGF receptor.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

This paper aims to present a model of obesity and leanness based on eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism of Korean medicine. I analyzed the theory of eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism, yang transforming ki and eum forming the body on Korean medicine, and compared them with energy homeostasis by anabolism and catabolism of modern medicine. In the eum and yang theory, the metabolic process of the human body is dominated by synergism and antagonism between eum force and yang force. When the balance of eum and yang collapses, all the pathological actions of the human body appear, and in the eum and yang metabolic process, an imbalance between yang transforming ki and eum forming the body occurs. The function of yang transforming ki is reduced to ki deficiency, and the function of eum forming the body is increased to blood excess. When blood excess and ki deficiency is given, energy intake increases, energy expenditure decreases, overweight and obesity occur. On the contrary, the function of yang transforming ki is increased to ki excess, and the function of eum forming the body is decreased to blood deficiency. When ki excess and blood deficiency is done, energy intake decreases and energy expenditure increases, the body becomes leanness. When the balance of eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism collapses and becomes blood excess and ki deficiency, overweight and obesity occur, and when ki excess and blood deficiency is done, the body becomes leanness. The energy homeostasis of the human body can be explained by eum, yang, ki and blood metabolism of Korean medicine and it contains the concept of anabolism and catabolism of modern medicine.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.720-732
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• 1995

The use of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ which functions as a potent biologic mediator regulating numerous activities of wound healing has been suggested for the promotion of periodontal regeneration. The mitogenic effects of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ on human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by determining the incorporation of $[^3H]-thymidine$ into DNA of the cells dose-dependently. Cells were prepared with primary cultured fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells from humans, and used in experiments were the fourth or sixth subpassage. Cells were seeded with serum free Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 0.1% bovine serum albumine. The added concentrations of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ were 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5ng/ml and transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ were added to the quiescent cells for 24hours, 48hours, 72hours. They were labeled with lnCi/ml $[^3H]$ thymidine for the last 24hour of the each culture. The results were presented as the mean counts per minute (CPM) per well and S.D. of four determinations. The results were as follows. : The DNA synthetic activity of human gingival fibroblasts was increased dose-dependently by transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The maximum mitogenic effects were at the 48 hour application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. The DNA synthetic activity was generally more decreased at the 72 hour application than at the 48 hour the application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells was increased dose-dependently by transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ at 24 hours and 48 hours. But the DNA synthetic activity was decreased at 5ng/ml of the 72 hour application. The maximum mitogenic effects were also at the 48 hour application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. The DNA synthetic activity of human periodontal ligament cells was generally more decreased at the 72 hour application than at the 48 hour application of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. In the comparision of DNA synthetic activity between the human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament cells, the human gingival fibroblasts had more activity than the human periodontal ligament cells at all time application with the concentration of transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$. In conclusion, transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ has an important roles in the stimulation of DNA synthesis in human periodontal ligament cells and human gingival fibroblasts, which means an increase in collagen synthesizing cells and thus, may be useful for clinical application in periodontal regenerative procedures.