• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.90-98
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• 1995

In the Fe-Si system, a mixture of a($Fe_{2}Si_5$) - and ${\epsilon}$(FeSi)-composition powders was sintered and heat-treated subsequently at various temperatures and time to get thermoelectric ${\beta}$-phase($FeSi_2$) compacts. The different transformational sequences depending on the heat treating temperature were found through the investigation into phase transformation and microstructural development. That is, a rapid eutectoid decomposition of ${\alpha}{\to}{\beta}+Si$ occurred together with a accompanying slow reaction between the dispersed Si formed by above decomposition and the preexisted ${\epsilon}$ phase at temperatures below $830^{\circ}C$. The unreacted Si and the micropores formed due to the density change upon the transformation coarsened as heat treating time elapsed. At temperatures above $880^{\circ}C$, however, transformation was proceeded by a peritectoid reaction of ${\alpha}+{\epsilon}{\to}{\beta}$. It took at least 200min. to achieve 90% volume fracion of transformed ${\beta}$ phase, and the growth of micro-pores was also observed in this transformational sequence with prolonged heat treating time.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this thesis is to design the interaction structure and framework of system to recognize sign language. Background: The sign language of meaningful individual gestures is combined to construct a sentence, so it is difficult to interpret and recognize the meaning of hand gesture for system, because of the sequence of continuous gestures. This being so, in order to interpret the meaning of individual gesture correctly, the interaction structure and framework are needed so that they can segment the indication of individual gesture. Method: We analyze 700 sign language words to structuralize the sign language gesture interaction. First of all, we analyze the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Second, we analyze the movement of the transformational patterns of the hand gesture. Third, we analyze the type of other gestures except hands. Based on this, we design a framework for sign language interaction. Results: We elicited 8 patterns of hand gesture on the basis of the fact on whether the gesture has a change from starting point to ending point. And then, we analyzed the hand movement based on 3 elements: patterns of movement, direction, and whether hand movement is repeating or not. Moreover, we defined 11 movements of other gestures except hands and classified 8 types of interaction. The framework for sign language interaction, which was designed based on this mentioned above, applies to more than 700 individual gestures of the sign language, and can be classified as an individual gesture in spite of situation which has continuous gestures. Conclusion: This study has structuralized in 3 aspects defined to analyze the transformational patterns of the starting point and the ending point of hand shape, hand movement, and other gestures except hands for sign language interaction. Based on this, we designed the framework that can recognize the individual gestures and interpret the meaning more accurately, when meaningful individual gesture is input sequence of continuous gestures. Application: When we develop the system of sign language recognition, we can apply interaction framework to it. Structuralized gesture can be used for using database of sign language, inventing an automatic recognition system, and studying on the action gestures in other areas.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2013

The structural phase transformations of $0.7Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.3PbTiO_3$ (PMN-0.3PT) were studied using high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) as a function of temperature and electric field. A phase transformational sequence of cubic (C)${\rightarrow}$tetragonal (T)${\rightarrow}$rhombohedral (R) phase was observed in zero-field-cooled conditions; and a $C{\rightarrow}T{\rightarrow}$monoclinic $(M_C){\rightarrow}$ monoclinic ($M_A$) phase was observed in the field-cooled conditions. The transformation of T to $M_A$ phase was realized through an intermediate $M_C$ phase. The results also represent conclusive and direct evidence of a $M_C$ to $M_A$ phase transformation in field-cooled conditions. Beginning from the zero-field-cooled condition, a $R{\rightarrow}M_A{\rightarrow}M_C{\rightarrow}T$ phase transformational sequence was found with an increasing electric field at a fixed temperature. Upon removal of the field, the $M_A$ phase was stable at room temperature. With increasing the field, the transformation temperature from T to $M_C$ and from $M_C$ to $M_A$ phase decreased, and the phase stability ranges of both T and $M_C$ phases increased. Upon removal of the field, the phase transformation from R to $M_A$ phase was irreversible, but from $M_A$ to $M_C$ was reversible, which means that $M_A$ is the dominant phase under the electric field. In the M phase region, the results confirmed that lattice parameters and tilt angles were weakly temperature dependent over the range of investigated temperatures.

• 인지과학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.501-539
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• 2016

인간 정신은 외상 자극에 역동적으로 반응하여 다차원적 위계를 따라 진화적으로 발전하는 시스템이다. 평형상태에서 일원화되어 있는 정신 내에 외상 자극이 유입되면 그에 반대 쌍이 되는 반응 극성이 형성되어 이원화된다. 그 반대 쌍 사이에 초월적 상호작용이 일어나면 상위 차원에 제3의 극성이 출현하게 되어 정신은 삼위구조로 변형된다. 삼위 구조화된 정신에서는 비평형 상태가 극대화되어 가소성이 최대화됨에 따라 삼위 요인이 같은 기능을 하게 되는 동기화가 가능해지며 이로 인해 정신은 상위차원에서 다시 일원화된다. 만약 정신이 또 다시 새로운 자극을 받아들이게 되면 정신은 위의 위계적 변형과정을 따라 성장하게 된다. 이를 정신의 기본삼위체계의 동기화를 통한 순환적 성장과정이라 한다. 이번 이론 연구에서는 이 개념을 외상 후 성장 과정에 적용하여 외상 후 성장 시계를 제안하였다. 외상 후 성장 시계는 7개의 위계적 단계로 구성되어있으며 처음 6개의 단계들은 충격 대 마비, 공포 대 침습, 편집 대 회피, 강박 대 폭발, 불안 대 우울, 허무 대 의미추구 단계 등의 12분기로 구성되어 있고 마지막 7번째 단계에서는 이들 모든 단계들의 기능들이 동기화되는 거대 동기화 단계가 나타나게 된다. 거대 동기화 단계에서는 이전의 6 단계들로 구성된 개인 내의 생리-사회-실존 차원들 뿐 아니라 자아와 타아도 동기화를 통해 일원화됨으로써 자신의 외상경험 뿐 아니라 타인의 고통도 자신의 실제적 외상경험으로 작용하게 되어 정신은 상위 차원에서 또 다른 성장과정을 반복한다. 이 논문에서 제안된 외상 후 성장 시계의 변형과정에 대한 타당성을 Horowitz의 외상반응과정과 비교하여 논의하였다.