• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2020

If normality of an observed data is not a viable assumption, we can carry out normal-theory analyses by suitable transforming data. Power transformation by Box and Cox, one of the transformation methods, is derived the power which maximized the likelihood function. But it doesn't induces the closed form in mathematical analysis. In this paper, we compose some R the syntax of which is easier than other statistical packages for deriving the power with using numerical methods. Also, by using R, we show the transformed data approximately distributed the normal through Q-Q plot in univariate and bivariate cases with some examples. Finally, we present the value of a goodness-of-fit statistic(AD) and its p-value for normal distribution. In the similar procedure, this method can be extended to more than bivariate case.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.463-471
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• 2019

The variable transformations are useful ways to guarantee the functional relationships in the model. However, the presence of outliers may undermine the accuracy of transformation. This paper deals with response transformations in the partial linear models under the existence of outliers. A new procedure for response transformation and outliers detection is proposed. The procedure uses a sequential method for identifying outliers and dynamic graphical methods for an appropriate transformation. The graphical tools make it possible to catch diagnostic information by monitoring the movement of points in the data. The procedure is illustrated with several examples. Examples show that visual clues regarding the optimal transformation, the fittness of the model and the outlyness of the observations can be checked from the series of plots.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

This paper explores new techniques that are based on a hidden-layer linear transformation for fast speaker adaptation used in deep neural networks (DNNs). Conventional methods using affine transformations are ineffective because they require a relatively large number of parameters to perform. Meanwhile, methods that employ singular-value decomposition (SVD) are utilized because they are effective at reducing adaptive parameters. However, a matrix decomposition is computationally expensive when using online services. We propose the use of an extended diagonal linear transformation method to minimize adaptation parameters without SVD to increase the performance level for tasks that require smaller degrees of adaptation. In Korean large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) tasks, the proposed method shows significant improvements with error-reduction rates of 8.4% and 17.1% in five and 50 conversational sentence adaptations, respectively. Compared with the adaptation methods using SVD, there is an increased recognition performance with fewer parameters.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2008

The d-q harmonic detecting algorithms are dominant methods to generate current references for active power filters (APF). They are often implemented in the synchronous frame and time domain. This paper researches the frequency characteristics of d-q synchronous transformations, which are closely related to the analysis and design issues of control system. Intuitively, the synchronous transformation is explained with amplitude modulation (AM) in this paper. Then, the synchronous filter is proven to be a time-invariant and linear system, and its transfer function matrix is derived in the stationary frames. These frequency-domain models imply that the synchronous transformation has an equivalent effect of frequency transformation. It is because of this feature, the d-q method achieves band-pass characteristics with the low pass filters in the synchronous frame at run time. To simplify these analytical models, an instantaneous positive-negative sequence frame is proposed as expansion of traditional symmetrical components theory. Furthermore, the synchronous filter is compared with the traditional bind-pass filters based on these frequency-domain analytical models. The d-q harmonic detection methods are also improved to eliminate the inherent coupling effect of synchronous transformation. Typical examples are given to verify previous analysis and comparison. Simulation and experimental results are also provided for verification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 1997

In general, the transformation of coordinates in GPS is carried out by 3 dimensional transformation method with 3-10 parameter. In korea, the coordinates of transformation points ware determined are adjusted in-dependently by planimetry and the height, and also the weight of observations were not properly applied to the adjustment. In this study, two different transformation methods are tested and analysed by the field test, and it is finally found that 2 dimensional method is more efficient way than 3 dimensional classical transformation method.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.4
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• pp.381-418
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• 2006

In present, advanced countries in the world are seen concentring on Military Transformation to create new military capability as there is a shift in Warfare Paradigm. Rapid development of technology enables military system, operational concept and organization innovated. As a result, Revolution in Military Affairs(RMA) that dramatically increased warfighting capability is pursued. Especially, advanced information technology constructs system of systems with abilities of battle visualization, information sharing in battlefield, long-range strike capability that are interoperable and combined. Corresponding to this, engagement methods and organizations are being progressively developed. The purpose of this thesis is overview of newly developing Warfare Paradigm and analysis of tendency of Military Transformation that advanced countries are pursuing preparation to this. Above all, specific aspects and contents of the Warfare Paradigm which emerged by information age were summarized. Subsequently, Military Transformation which provides the basic concepts and principles to the advanced countries in the world for the creation of new military capability was discussed. In conclusion, the tendency of Military Transformation by U.S.A, Japan, China, and Russia surround the Korean peninsular as the major power in military was carefully observed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2019

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are widely used for wearable motion-capturing systems in the fields of biomechanics and robotics. When the IMUs are combined with optical motion sensors (hereafter, OPTs) for their complementary capabilities, it is necessary to align the coordinate system orientations between the IMU and OPT. In this study, we compare the application of two coordinate transformation-based orientation alignment methods between two coordinate systems. The first method (M1) applies angular velocity coordinate transformation, while the other method (M2) applies gyroscopic angle coordinate transformation. In M1 and M2, the angular velocities and angles, respectively, are acquired during random movement for a least-square algorithm to determine the alignment matrix between the two coordinate systems. The performance of each method is evaluated under various conditions according to the type of motion during measurement, number of data points, amount of noise, and the alignment matrix. The results show that M1 is free from drift errors, while drift errors are present in most cases where M2 is applied. Thus, this study indicates that M1 has a far superior performance than M2 for the alignment of IMU and OPT coordinate systems for motion analysis.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.67-90
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aims to summarize Tang Zong-hai's Qi transformation theory of the Six meridians through his book "Shanghanlun Qianzhubuzheng傷寒論淺注補正" where he integrated Western anatomy with the Qi transformation theory of East Asian Medicine to interpret Zhang Zhong Jing's "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)". The objective is to assist clinical application. Methods : Focusing on the contents of disease of the six meridians in the "傷寒論淺注補正", Tang's theories on the function of Zangfu(臟腑), Opening-Closing-Pivot(關闔樞), Inter-communication of Zangfu(臟腑相通), the Twelve Meridians(十二經脈) from his other publication "中西匯通醫經精義" were examined and related to in the process of explaining Qi transformation theory in detail. Results : 1. The Qi transformation function of the Taiyang meridian is related to "膀胱者, 氣化則能出" where the Small Intestine and Bladder inter-communicate. 2. The Qi transformation function of the Yangming meridian is related to the control of dryness and dampness through the Qi transformation of "陽明不從標本, 從乎中." 3. The Qi transformation function of the Shaoyang meridian is related to the Life-Fire function of the Triple Energizer-Gallbladder-Pericardium coalition through "少陽屬腎." 4. The Qi transformation function of the Taiyang meridian refers to the Heart Fire nurturing the Spleen Earth by creating 膏油 through veins. 5. The Qi transformation function of the Shaoyin meridian is related to the controlling of the Nutrient Qi(營氣) and Defense Qi(衛氣) through '心主血脈, 腎主元氣.' 6. The Qi transformation function of the Jueyin meridian is related to the ability of 和風 which results from '陰盡陽生' to harmonize and control the balance of Water Coldness(水冷) and Fire Heat(火熱). Conclusions : Tang's Qi Transformation Theory of the Six Meridians is his key theory explained from the perspective of Qi transformation of disease in the six meridians of "Shanghanlun", closely related to basic theories such as theory of Zang form(臟象學說), Opening-Closing-Pivot(關闔樞), Inter-communication of Zangfu(臟腑相通), the Twelve Meridians(十二經脈) of East Asian Medicine.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1209-1217
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• 1994

This paper proposed transformation coefficients suitable to South Korea for the establishment of coordinate transformation system between Bessel and WGS84 ellipsoids. For this, the coordinates transformation algorithms concerned with parameter methods was developed, and global test network which has 15 astronomical points in South Korea were designed. Based on signals received from GPS, computed the geoid undulation by GPS/Leveling, and derived parameters(3-, 4-, 6-, and 7-parameter) for transformation between each ellipsoid, applied global networks to study the characteristics of transformation according to parameters. Through the successful application of 7-parameters derived in this study and 7-parameters proposed by DMA for map projection, transformation coefficients suitable to South Korea was proposed.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.190-197
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• 2023

In the shipbuilding and marine industry, digital transformation activities are promoted primarily by large shipyards. However, bottlenecks are observed across value chains, and digital transformation effects are reducing because of the cost and technical challenges encountered by supplies. In this study, we proposed a win-win cooperation model for large, small, and medium-sized companies using digital transformation based on the characteristics of the shipbuilding and marine industry through case studies. We investigated the digital transformation progress in German and Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In addition, we identified information-sharing methods and management challenges encountered in enterprise resource planning and manufacturing execution systems in the collaboration process of pipes, panels, blocks, etc. of SMEs that are suppliers of a Korean shipyard, and clarified communication by building a platform based on a common format between shipyards and suppliers. Further, we proposed a standard model of a digital transformation system for enhancing the collaboration between large companies and suppliers and proposed a basic plan including strategies to efficiently and effectively build a digital transformation system based on the standard model.