• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 1993

상온에서 다결정 니켈 표면에서의 CO와 산소의 공동흡착을 XPS를 이용하여 연구하였다. 산소가 미리 흡착된 다결정 니켈 표면에서의 CO 흡착은 다음의 세 단계로 일어나고 있음을 발견하였다. 즉 초기의 낮은 CO 노출량에서는 니켈 표면에 미리 흡착된 산소와 CO가 일부 반응하여 $CO_2$가 형성되어 $CO_2$로 탈착하며, CO 노출량이 점차적으로 증가함에 따라 CO가 산소와 공동흡착을 일으키며, CO 노출량이 높아지면 미리 흡착된 산소의 양이 적을수록 더 많은 CO가 흡착됨을 관측하였다. 이것은 니켈 표면에 미리 존재하는 산소의 덮임율이 증가함에 따라 CO의 점차율이 감소하고 동시에 CO의 상대적인 흡착자리가 감소하기 때문으로 해석하였다. 한편 CO가 미리 흡착된 다결정 니켈 표면에 산소를 흡착시키면 산소 노출량이 낮을 때는 미리 흡착된 CO가 산소의 흡착을 저해하며, 산소 노출량이 증가하면 CO가 해리흡착되고, 이와 동시에 산소가 니켈 표면에서 해리흡착되어 NiO층을 빠른 속도로 형성함을 관측하였다. CO의 해리흡착은 흡착된 CO와 기체상의 $O_2$의 충돌에 의한 에너지 전이 때문인 것으로 해석된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

Conjugated PPV-derived block copolymers containing 2-ethylhexyloxynaphthalene unit were synthesized and characterized in this study. The resulting polymers were soluble in common organic solvents and showed good thermal stabilities, The weight-average molecular weights ($M_w$) of the copolymers ranged from 246,000 to 475,000 with PDIs of $1.3{\sim}2.1$. The optical properties of these polymers, measured both in a chloroform solution and on a film, showed a maximum absorption at $405{\sim}476\;nm$ for Copolymers $I{\sim}VIII$. In the PL spectra, Copolymers $I{\sim}VIII$ showed maximum peaks at $510{\sim}566\;nm$. The HOMOs, LUMOs and band gaps of the PPV derivatives of Copolymers $I{\sim}VIII$ were $5.30{\sim}5.77$, $3.04{\sim}3.24$, and $2.5{\sim}2.2\;eV$, respectively, The multi-layered, light-emitting diodes of ITO/PEDOT/copolymers/LiF/Al exhibited turn-on voltages of $6{\sim}2.5\;V$ Copolymer VIII exhibited the maximum brightness of $3.657\;cd/m^2$. Particularly, Copolymer VII, with an identical composition of MEH-PPV and naphthalene-PPV, showed a maximum luminance efficiency and power efficiency of 2,63 cd/A and 1.06 lm/W, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

In this study, five commercially available fouling resistant low-pressure RO membranes were investigated for the treatment of seasonally brackish surface water with high organic content (${\approx}24mg/L$). The membranes investigated are LFC-1 (Hydranautics), X20 (Trisep), BW30FR1 (FilmTec), SG (Osmonics), and BE-FR (Saehan). The results of surface characterization revealed that each of these membranes has one or two unique surface characteristics to minimize the adherence of the fouling materials to the membrane. Specifically, the LFC1 membrane features a neutral or low negative surface to minimize electrostatic interactions with charged foulants. The X20, on the other hand, shows a highly negatively charged surface, and thus, is expected to perform well with feed waters containing negatively charged organics and colloids. The BW30FR1 exhibits a relatively neutral and hydrophilic surface, which could be beneficial for lessening organic and/or biofouling. The SG membrane has a smooth surface that makes it quite resistant to fouling, particularly for colloidal deposition. Lastly, BE-FR membrane demonstrated a medium surface charge and a slightly higher hydrophobicity. In the pilot study, all of the four membranes experienced a gradual increase in MTC (water mass transfer coefficient or specific flux) over time, indicating no fouling occurred during the pilot study. The deterioration of permeate water quality such as TDS was also observed over time, suggesting that the integrity of the membranes was compromised by the monochloramine used for biofouling control.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.636-636
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• 2013

Since first discovery of strong Raman spectrum of molecules adsorbed on rough noble metal, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely used for detection of molecules with low concentration. Surface plasmons at noble metal can enhance Raman spectrum and using Au nanostructures as substrates of SERS has advantages due to it has chemical stability and biocompatibility. However, the photoluminescence (PL) background from Au remains a problem because of obtaining molecular vibration information. Recently, graphene, two-dimensional atomic layer of carbon atoms, is also well known as PL quenchers for electronic and vibrational excitation. In this study, we observed SERS of single layer graphene on or under monolayer of Au nanoparticles (NPs). Single layer graphene is grown by chemical vapor deposition and transferred onto or under the monolayer of Au NPs by using PMMA transfer method. Monolayer of Au NPs prepared using Langmuir-Blodgett method on or under graphene surface provides closed and well-packed monolayer of Au NPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy (WItec, 532 nm) were performed in order to confirm effects of Au NPs on enhanced Raman spectrum. Highly enhanced Raman signal of graphene by Au NPs were observed due to many hot-spots at gap of closed well-packed Au NPs. The results showed that single layer graphene provides larger SERS effects compared to multilayer graphene and the enhancement of the G band was larger than that of 2D band. Moreover, we confirm the appearance of D band in this study that is not clear in normal Raman spectrum. In our study, D band appearance is ascribed to the SERS effect resulted from defects induced graphene on Au NPs. Monolayer film of Au NPs under the graphene provided more highly enhanced graphene Raman signal compared to that on the graphene. The Au NPs-graphene SERS substrate can be possibly applied to biochemical sensing applications requiring highly sensitive and selective assays.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.801-810
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• 2005

The phosphor and ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) films for video phone tube (VPT) were simply prepared by the screen printing and thermal transfer methods. The increasing order of thermal firing of acrylic binder for phosphor and ITO was M6003 < M6664 < A/A 1919 < M500l < M670 1 and all mass of binders were perfectly decomposed at lower temperature than $400^{\circ}C.$ After thermal firing of phosphor paste, the residual of binder on the surface of phosphor could not be found by SEM. Aerosil as thickner provides the thixotropy property for phosphor paste but decrease the brightness of phosphor screen as residual after thermal firing. Since the thixotropy of M5001 binder without aerosil was shown and the storage modulus of phosphor paste by increasing the angular frequency was not nearly changed and the decrease of the storage modulus of phosphor paste by increasing the strain was remarkably shown. It was possible to prepare the phosphor paste which was predominant in the plate separation and the reproduction of pattern after the screen printing. Since the addition of dispersing agent to improve the printing process decreases the electrical conductivity and light transmission of ITa film, it could be found to be necessary the development of binder for phosphor paste that decreases the amount of dispersing agent possibly and does not use the aerosil as additive.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3629-3633
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• 2011

The effect of a dense $TiO_2$ blocking layer prepared using the sol-gel method on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells was studied. The blocking layer formed directly on the working electrode, separated it from the electrolyte, and prevented the back transfer of electrons from the electrode to the electrolyte. The dyesensitized solar cells were prepared with a working electrode of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass coated with a blocking layer of dense $TiO_2$, a dye-attached mesoporous $TiO_2$ film, and a nano-gel electrolyte, and a counter electrode of Pt-deposited FTO glass. The gel processing conditions and heat treatment temperature for blocking layer formation affected the morphology and performance of the cells, and their optimal values were determined. The introduction of the blocking layer increased the conversion efficiency of the cell by 7.37% for the cell without a blocking layer to 8.55% for the cell with a dense $TiO_2$ blocking layer, under standard illumination conditions. The short-circuit current density ($J_{sc}$) and open-circuit voltage ($V_{oc}$) also were increased by the addition of a dense $TiO_2$ blocking layer.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.235-240
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• 2010

분출냉각은 높은 압력과 온도의 가혹한 환경에서 운용되는 액체로켓과 공기흡입식 엔진을 위한 가장 효과적인 냉각방법이다. 연소기 라이너와 터빈 베인은 다공질 벽면을 통과하는 냉각재(공기 또는 연료) 뿐만 아니라 차단막으로 작용하는 공기에 의해 냉각된다. 그러나 이의 실용화는 유용한 다공질 재료의 제한에 의해 방해를 받아왔다. 벽면 내에서 내부 열전달을 증가시키는 보다 현실적인 방법을 찾는 노력을 통해 Lamilloy$^{(R)}$ 및 Transply$^{(R)}$와 같은 다층 기공 구조물을 개발하게 되었다. 본 논문은 액체로켓, 가스터빈 및 스크램제트의 추진기관 적용을 위한 분출냉각의 최근 연구동향을 고찰하였다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

$Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, $HfO_2$와 같은 high-k (고 유전상수) 산화물 박막을 Si, $SiO_2$/Si, GaAs 기판에 각각 입혀서 주기적인 온도변화에 의해 발생되는 박막 표면에서의 반사율 변화를 이용한 열-반사율법을 이용하여 열전도도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 약 50nm 두께에서 0.80~1.29 W/(mK)와 같은 높은 열전도도를 가지고 있어 CMOS와 메모리 디바이스와 같은 전자 회로에서 발생되는 열을 효과적으로 방산할 수 있고, 또 미세 입자의 크기에 따라 열전달이 변화하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.344-348
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• 2011

A layer of $TiO_2$ thin film less than ~200nm in thickness, as a blocking layer, was deposited by 13.56 MHz radio frequency magnetron sputtering method directly onto the anode electrode to be isolated from the electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). This is to prevent the electrons from back-transferring from the electrode to the electrolyte ($I^-/{I_3}^-$). The presented DSCs were fabricated with working electrode of F:$SnO_2$(FTO) glass coated with blocking $TiO_2$ layer, dye-attached nanoporous $TiO_2$ layer, gel electrolyte and counter electrode of Pt-deposited FTO glass. The effects of blocking layer were studied with respect to impedance and conversion efficiency of the cells. The, electrochemical impedances of DSCs using this electrode were $R_1$: 13.9, $R_2$: 15.0, $R_3$: 10.9 and $R_h$: $82{\Omega}$. The $R_2$ impedance related by electron movement from nanoporous $TiO_2$ to TCO showed lower than that of normal DSCs. The photo-conversion efficiency of prepared DSCs was 5.97% ($V_{oc}$: 0.75V, $J_{sc}$: 10.5 mA/$cm^2$, ff: 0.75) and approximately 1% higher than general DSCs sample.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 상용되고 있는 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 조합에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 평가하는 것이다. 온실용 일중 및 이중 피복재와 이중 보온재의 조합에 대하여 야간천공복사 차단여부에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 실외에서 측정하였다. 처리조건은 일중피복, 이중피복, 이중피복과 이중 마트보온재 및 이중피복과 이중 다겹보온재의 조합조건과 천공복사 유무에 따른 조건이며 총 8가지이다. 제작된 핫박스는 상시 변화하는 외부의 기상조건하에서도 내부온도를 설정된 온도로 일정하게 잘 유지할 수 있었다. 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달계수를 측정하는 실내용 측정장치는 반드시 야간천공복사를 모의할 수 있는 측정장치가 되어야 할 것이다. 야간복사를 차단함으로서 온실의 열 손실을 줄여 보온효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 피복방식에 대해 야간복사 차단장치 유무에 관계없이 높은 풍속에서의 관류열전달계수가 낮은 풍속에서보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 측정기법을 사용하면 국내에서 생산되는 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달 특성을 정량적으로 비교할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.