• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.306-316
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• 2002

The ultrastructural change of sciatic nerve and immunohistochemical changes of NGF, PCNA were studied at the transplanted segment of intravascular cultured neural stem cell in the rat sciatic nerve by 5 months after the sciatic nerve transection. The transplanted intravascular neural stem cells were differentiated into Schwann reals at the 20th day and these cells began to regenerate by the proliferation and hypertrophy. There were many remyelinating Schwann cells in the transplanted nerve in term of stimulation. According to NGF finding, we suggest preexisting Schwann cells may induce the differentiation of neural stem cells into regenerating Schwann cells. Electron microscopic changes were the remyelinating appearance, the increase of intraaxonal microtubules and enlarged mitochondria and contacting tell processes each other.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.267-276
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• 2022

Objectives: Recently a modified high-submandibular approach (HSMA) has been introduced for treatment of condylar fracture. This approach involves an incision line close to the mandibular angle and transmasseteric transection, leading to a low incidence of facial palsy and allowing good visualization of the condyle area, especially the condylar neck and subcondyle positions. This study reports several cases managed with this modified HSMA technique for treating condylar fractures. Materials and Methods: Six cases of condylar fractures treated with modified HSMA technique were reviewed. Results: Three unilateral subcondylar fracture, 1 bilateral subcondylar fracture, 1 unilateral condylar neck fracture, 1 unlateral simultaneous condylar neck and subcondylar fracture cases were reviewed. All the cases were successfully treated without any major complication. Conclusion: Reduction, fixation, and osteosynthesis of condylar fractures via the modified HSMA technique enabled effective and stable treatment outcomes. Therefore, the described approach can be used especially for subcondylar and condylar neck fractures with minimal complications.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.310-314
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• 2023

Pancreatic trauma from a blunt injury is fairly uncommon in the pediatric population. Furthermore, such trauma with associated disruption of the pancreatic duct (PD) is even less prevalent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Pancreatic injuries in the pediatric population are often missed and hence require a thorough workup in children presenting with any form of abdominal injury. This case report describes a young boy who presented with abdominal pain and did not initially inform medical staff about any injury. For this reason, his initial provisional diagnosis was appendicitis, but he was later found to have transection of the pancreas with injury to the PD on imaging. The management of such injuries in pediatric patients often poses a challenge due to a lack of pediatric physicians trained to perform interventions such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Furthermore, such interventions carry a higher risk when performed on children due to the smaller size of their pancreatic ducts. As a result, our patient had to be transferred to an adult center to undergo this procedure. Thus, maintaining a high degree of suspicion, along with a detailed history and examination, is crucial for the early diagnosis and management of pancreatic injuries.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2023

During minimally invasive liver resection (MILR), the Pringle maneuver aims to minimize blood loss and provide a clear operative field, thereby identifying intrahepatic structures and facilitating safe parenchymal transection. Several techniques for using the Pringle maneuver in MILR have been described. This review presents various methods which have been reported in the literature. A systematic literature search used the MEDLINE/PubMed database from its earliest records to August 2022 using appropriate search headings and keywords. The primary outcome was identifying techniques for performing hepatic inflow occlusion during laparoscopic/robotic hepatectomy. Inclusion criteria consisted of publications describing technical steps to obtain hepatic inflow occlusion during minimally invasive hepatectomy. A literature search identified 23 relevant publications, and the full texts were examined. The techniques described in the reports can be broadly categorized into three groups: (1) the Rummel-tourniquet technique, (2) vascular clamp use, and (3) the Huang Loop technique. Various techniques have been used in MILR to achieve inflow confinement successfully. The authors prefer the modified Huang Loop technique because it is inexpensive, reliable, and quick to apply or release. Hepatobiliary surgeons are advised to familiarize themselves with these MILR techniques, which have proven effective and safe inflow occlusion.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.222-230
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• 2001

Central diabetes insipidus (DI) can be the outcome of a number of diseases that affect the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal axis. The causes of the condition can be classified as traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic. Traumatic causes include postoperative sella or transection of the pituitary stalk, while infectious or inflammatory causes include meningitis, lymphocytic hypophysitis, and granulomatous inflammations such as sarcoidosis and Wegener's granulomatosis. Various neoplastic conditions such as germinoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, metastasis, leukemic infiltration, lymphoma, teratoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, Rathke cleft cyst, hypothalamic glioma, and meningioma are also causes of central DI. In affected patients, careful analysis of these MR imaging features and correlation with the clinical manifestations can allow a more specific diagnosis, which is essential for treatment.

• ALGAE
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2003

The pyrenoid ultrastructure and distribution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase in the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was studied using the immunogold localization technology with electron microscopy. There were several tubular thylakoids invading in the pyrenoid matrix to form several spokewise channels. The connections between pyrenoid matrix and stroma of chloroplast were the partial of channels. The starch sheath surrounding the pyrenoid was separated into several parts by the connections in transection. Some thylakoids were packed together near the connections in one side of the pyrenoid. Those special structures might be used to transport substance between pyrenoid and stroma of chloroplasts. With the antibody raised against the large subunits of Rubsico from C. protothecoides, the result of the gold immunolocalization of Rubisco in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii showed most of the gold particles heavily labeled the pyrenoid matrix, as well as the starch sheath matrix, and very few in the stroma of chloroplasts. The gold particle density was 880.00 $\pm$ 164.32, 190.00 $\pm$ 152.39 and 9.60 $\pm$ 5.37 ${\mu}m^{-2}$ in pyrenoid matrix, starch sheath and stroma region of chloroplast respectively (background: 5.67 $\pm$ 1.53 ${\mu}m^{-2}$). 99.59% of the total Rubiscos was calculated to be concentrated in the pyrenoid matrix and starch sheath by spatial densities. The gold immunolocalization of Rubisco activase also showed that Rubisco activase was mainly concentrated in the periphery of the pyrenoid and the starch sheath (the density was as high as 229.69 $\pm$ 96.96 ${\mu}m^{-2}$). There were very few gold particles located in the stroma of chloroplasts. These results indicated that pyrenoid surface and starch sheath was the site for Rubisco activation and $CO_2$ fixation, which supported the suggestion that pyrenoids perform photosynthesis function.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2012

Knee joint instability by anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) rupture is allowing the abnormal loading condition at the tibial epiphysis locally, resulting in producing locally different bone bruise. The study examined difference between local alteration patterns of trabecular bone microarchitecture at medial and lateral parts of the tibial epiphysis by ACL rupture. Fourteen SD rats were divided into Control(CON; n = 7) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection(ACLT; n = 7) groups. The tibial joints were then scanned by in vivo ${\mu}$-CT at 0, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. The results showed that alteration pattern on trabecular bone microarchitecture at medial part was significantly higher than that at lateral part of the tibial epiphysis in ACLT group from 0 to 8 weeks(P < 0.05). Tb.Th and Tb.Sp distributions were well corresponded with differences between aforementioned trabecular bone microarchitectural alteration pattens at medial and lateral parts of the tibial epiphysis in ACLT group from 0 to 8 weeks(P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the alteration patterns of trabecular bone microarchitecture should be locally and periodically considered, particularly with respect to the prediction of bone fracture risk by ACL rupture. Improved understanding of the alteration patterns at medial and lateral trabecular bone microarchitectures at the tibial epiphysis may assist in developing more targeted treatment interventions for knee joint instability secondary to ACL rupture.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1285-1290
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• 2007

The present study aims to identify and characterize genes that cause differen genes between non-responders and responders to electroacupuncture (EA) on mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, animals were subjected to unilateral transection of the superior caudal trunk at the level between S1 and S2 spinal nerves. EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.3 ms, 0.2-0.3 mA) was delivered to Zusanli (ST36) for 30 min 2 weeks after the surgery. The degree of mechanical allodynia was assessed quantitatively by touching the tail with von Frey hair (2.0 g) at 10 min intervals. The rats, which showed an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies under 10 %, were classified as non-responders and those displaying an EA-induced decrease of response frequencies 20 % or more were classified as responders. Results from oligonucleotide microarray, to which cDNAs from the spinal dorsal horn (DH) were applied, showed that hemoglobin beta chain complex and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-5 decreased and limbic system-associated membrane protein increased in the non-responder group, whereas calcium-independent alpha-Iatrotoxin receptor homolog-3 increased in the responder group. These results suggest that The functional abnormality of molecules regulating cell adhesion, intracellular signal transduction and cell differentiation in the spinal DH may be involved in the anti-allodynic effect of EA.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2012

Background : Complex elbow injuries with associated nerve, muscle, or joint injury commonly develop post-inury stiffness. In order to preserve function, joint congruency, elbow stability and durable wound coverage must be achieved in a timely manner. Methods : A retrospective review of patients who underwent orthopaedic fixation followed by free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap soft tissue coverage was performed. Five patients were identified and included in this study. Results : We present a series of 5 cases managed with this principle. Soft tissue defects ranged in size from $4{\times}9cm$ ($36cm^2$) to $15{\times}30cm$ ($450cm^2$) and were located either posteriorly (n=4) or anteriorly (n=1). Associated injuries included open fractures (n=3) and motor nerve transection (n=2). Wound coverage was achieved in a mean duration of 18.8 days (range, 11 to 42 day). There were no flap failures and no major complications. The mean postoperative active elbow motion was $102^{\circ}$ (range, $45^{\circ}$ to $140^{\circ}$). Conclusions : In our small series we have highlighted the safety and utility of using the free ALT flap in complex elbow injuries. The ALT flap has many advantages which include abundant skin and subcutaneous tissue; vascularised vastus lateralis muscle that was used in our series to obliterate dead space, provide a vascular bed for nerve grafts and combat infection; and, access to fascia lata grafts for reconstruction of the triceps tendon.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2001

Background: Conventional thoracoscopic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy is an effective method in treating localized hyperhidrosis; however, this may result in a postoperatively compensatory hyperhidrosis or facial anhidrosis in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. We modified the conventional sympathicotomy by limiting the extent of nerve transection (limited T3 sympathicotomy) since May 1998. However, there are many reports of a good short-term outcome of limited T3 sympathicotomy. Therefore, we reviewed long-term follow-up of limited T3 sympathicotomy based on outcomes analysis using a questionnaire. Methods: Fifty four patients with palmar hyperhidrosis underwent a limited T3 sympathicotomy between May 1998 and March 1999 and had a complete follow-up over two years using a questionnaire (the mean follow-up was 2.6 years). The patients' postoperative satisfaction was determined by their subjective responses to the questionnaires; the degree of compensatory hyperhidrosis, the effects on foot hyperhidrosis, gustatory hyperhidrosis and facial dryness, and recurrence, and patient's satisfaction. Results: Of the total, 87% of patients had a compensatory hyperhidrosis and 3.7% of them were disabled. 31.5% of patients showed improvement in foot hyperhidrosis, while 68.5% of patients demonstrated no change or got worse. 31.5% of patients had gustatory hyperhidrosis and facial dryness and 22.2% of patients showed a mild palmar hyperhidrosis. The postoperative patients' satisfaction was significantly in 96.3% of patients. Conclusions: The limited T3 sympathicotomy is a highly effective treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis and has a low rate of postoperative compensatory hyperhidrosis, gustatory hyperhidrosis, and facial dryness.