• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2005년도 제45회 학술심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.70-70
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• 2005

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 제2회 추계심포지움
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• pp.113-118
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• 1994

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2006

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a corticosteroid that is used in the systemic and topical treatment of many inflammatory diseases. In this study, a phonophoretic drug delivery system was designed to enhance the TA permeability and the influence of ultrasound was examined. In order to establish the transdermal delivery system for TA, a hydrophilic carbopol gel containing TA was prepared after adopting phonophoresis. A permeation study through mouse skin was performed at $37^{\circ}C$ using a Franz diffusion cell, and the ultrasound treatment was carried out for 10 h. The level of TA permeation through the skin was evaluated under various ultrasound conditions including the frequency (1.0, 3.0 MHz), intensity (1.0, $2.5W/cm^2 $), and duty cycle (continuous, pulse mode) using a 0.5% TA gel. The highest permeation was observed under the ultrasound treatment conditions of low frequency, high intensity, and in continuous mode.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

항고지단백혈증제제를 이용한 경펴투과제제흘 제조하고자 기 재로서 xathan gum을 사용하여 약물의 함량 및 투과 촉전제에 따라서 경피투과체제를 제조하고 경피투과 항고지단백혈증제의 가능성 등을 연구하였다. 기재로 사용한 xanthan gum의 체 타전위를륜 측정하여 응결, 침전이 나타나는 등천점으로부터 제타전위 값의 차이가 나타나 있으므로 피부와 접촉시 연고제제외 석출 가능성이 없다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 각각의 지용성과 수용성 항고지단백혈증제제를 함유한 정피투과제제를 사용하여 진행된 투과 실험에서는 자용성인 clofibrat$\xi$의 투파속도가 현저하게 빠르게 나타났는데 이는 지용성인 피부 각질과의 친화 즉 lipophilicity를 증가시킴으로써 지용성인 clofibrate의 경피투과를 촉진시키는 것이라 생각된다. 지용성 경피투과제제에 투과촉진제를 첨가했을 경우, 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 lag time파 투과속도가 빠르게 나타냈다. 특히 PEG 600을 사용했윤 경우가 가장 빠른 투과속도흘 나타냈고 글리세린, 올레산의 순오로 투과속도의 증가를 나타냈다. PEG 600븐 다른 투과촉진제보다 지용성 약물인 clofibrate에 대해 피부내의 지방과 단백겔의 유동성(fluidity) 과 피부 각질의 lipophilicity를 증가시컴으로서 각질로의 약물분배를 촉진한다고 생각된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

Laminated films composed of drug-containing reservoir layer and drug-free membrane were prepared. Zero-order drug release with lag time was achieved by laminating drug-free film onto the reservoir layer, while burst effect was observed on cast-on film. The rate controlling membrane was either attached to or cast directly into the reservoir. The release rate was independent on the reservoir composition but dependent on the composition of rate-controlling membrane. In growth inhibitory test of cephalexin from Eudragit RS film to Streptococcus Mutans, the disk even after release test for 72 hours showed more bacterial growth inhibition than that of control. Permeation of drug through rat skin was proportional to the HPC fraction in the film. We could control the release of cephalexin from the film by changing the fraction of Eudragit RS, HPC and DEP content. Consequently, Eudragit RS/HPC film was found to be very effective system for local delivery of drugs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2002

To develop novel transdermal formulation for aceclofenac, microemulsion was prepared for increasing its skin permeability. Based on solubiity and phase studies, oil and surfactant was selected and composition was determined. Microemulsion was spontaneously prepared by mixing ingredients and the physicochemical properties such was investigated. The mean diameters of microemulsion were approximately 90 nm and the system was physically stable at room temperature at least for 3 months. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo performance of microemulsion formulation was evaluated. Aceclofenac was released from microemulsion in acidic aqueous medium, and dissolved amounts of aceclofenac was approximately 30% after 240 min. Skin permeation of aceclofenac from microemulsion formulation was higher than that of cream. Following transdermal application of aceclofenac preparation to delayed onset muscle soreness, serum creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly reduced by aceclofenac. Aceclofenac in microemulsion was more potent than cream in the alleviation of muscle pain. Therefore, the microemulsion formulation of aceclofenac appear to be a reasonable transdermal delivery system of the drug with enhanced skin permeability and efficacy for the treatment of muscle damage.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2020

The diffusion cell method is the main technique employed for the in vitro diffusion test of transdermal drug delivery preparations. Most existing transdermal diffusion devices use a water bath heating structure and direct current motor magnetic stirrer. However, these devices are confronted with problems, such as large volume, incompatible vertical and horizontal diffusion cells, few diffusion cell sets, and poor reliability. To overcome these deficiencies, the system adopts a dry heating method and uses a rotating magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic stirrer to drive the magnetic stirrer. Accordingly, the resulting device is characterized by a simple structure and small volume, convenient operation, compatible vertical and horizontal diffusion cells, and numerous diffusion cell sets. The reliability and practicability of the system is verified by the in vitro percutaneous permeability test of the bisoprolol patch.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2012

In this study, we developed transdermal direct drug delivery device using micro-needle painlessly. We has fabricated micro-needle that is 130 ${\mu}m$ thickness and 250 ${\mu}m$length with 10 ${\mu}m$ spiral groove for rolling down drug. Head part of micro-needle device is composed of 20ea micro-needles, an on-off valve and a protective cap. Glass bottle for containing drug is connected to head part of micro-needle device. We examined the puncture characteristic testing using porcine skin and drug delivery testing using porcine, rat skin with Indian Ink.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.303-311
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• 1997

Proliposomal patch of clenbuterol, ${\beta}_2-agonist$ bronchodilator, was prepared and its feasibility as a novel transdermal drug delivery system was examined. Proliposomal granules containing clenbuterol was prepared by a standard method using sorbitol and lecithin with (Rx 2) or without cholesterol (Rx 1). The porous structure of sorbitol in the proliposomes was maintained allowing tree flowability of the granules. Following contact with water, the granules were converted probably to liposomes almost completely within several minutes. It indicates that proliposomes may be hydrated, when they are applied on the skin under occlusive condition in vivo, by the sweat to form liposomes. Clenbuterol release from Rx 1 and Rx 2 proliposomes to pH 7.4 isotonic phospate buffer (PBS) across cellulose membrane (mol. wt. cut-off of 12000-14000) was retarded significantly compared with that from the mixture of clenbuterol powder and blank proliposomes. Interestingly, proliposomes prepared with lecithin and cholesterol (i.e., Rx 2 proliposomes) showed much more retarded release of clenbuterol than proliposomes prepared only with lecithin (i.e.. Rx 1 proliposomes), indicating that clenbuterol release from proliposomes can be controlled by the addition of cholesterol to the proliposomes. Proliposomal patches were prepared using PVC film as an occlusive backing sheet, two sides adhesive tape (urethane, 1.45 mm thickness) as a reservoir for proliposome granules and Millipore MF-membrane (0.45 mm pore size) as a drug release-controlling membrane. Rx 1 or Rx 2 proliposomes containing 4.6 mg of clenbuterol were loaded into the reservoir of the patch. Clenbuterol release from the patches to pH 7.4 PBS was determined using USP paddle (50 rpm)-over-disc release method. Clenbuterol release from the proliposomal patches was much more retarded even than from a matrix type clenbuterol patch (Boehringer Ingelheim ltd). Being consistent with clenbuterol release from the proliposomal granules, the release from the patches was highly dependent on the presence of cholesterol in the proliposomes : Patches containing Rx 2 proliposomes showed several fold slower drug release than patches containing Rx 1 proliposomes. When the patch containing Rx 1 proliposomes was applied on to the back of a hair-removed rat, clenbuterol concentration in the rat blood was maintained during 6-72 hrs. Transdermal absorption of clenbuterol from the patch was accelerated when the patch was prehydrated with 50 ml of pH 7.4 PBS before topical application. Above results indicate that sustained transdermal delivery of clenbuterol is feasible using proliposomal patches if the cholesterol content and pore size of the release rate-controlling membrane of patches, for example, are appropriately controlled.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1998

Niosomes are vesicles formed from synthetic non-ionic surfactants, offering an alternative to chemically unstable and expensive liposomes as a drug carrier. Non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol mixture film leads to the formation of vesicular system by hydration with sonication method. The formation of niosome was ascertained by negative staining of TEM. The entrapment efficiency of niosomal suspension was gradually increased with increasing the ratio of cholesterol to surfactant. It was found that the niosome with 6 : 4 (polyoxyethylene 2-cetyl ether: cholesterol) ratio was more stable than those with other ratios. The topical application of acyclovir(ACV) in the treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) skin disease has a long history. There are an increasing number of reports, however, in which topical ACV therapy is not as effective as oral administration. Lack of efficacy with topical ACV has been hypothesized to reflect the inadequate delivery of drug to the skin. We investigated the permeation of niosome containing $[^{3}H]ACV$ in hairless mouse skin using Franz diffusion cell model. Permeation coefficient(P) of aqueous ACV was $6.7{\times}10^{-4}\;(cm/hr)$ and that of ACV in niosome was $23.4{\times}10^{-4}\;(cm/hr)$, suggesting about 3.5 times increase in the transdermal permeation.