• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.349-359
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• 2000

The aim of study was to evaluated the possible role of cranial artery velocity in headache pathogenesis. The present study was studied of five headache(F=5. Mean $age=29.80\pm6.76yrs$) were compared to 4 controls(F=4, Mean $age=29.00\pm5.48yrs$). Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) is a new non-invasive and easily applicable method to evaluate flow velocities of the intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries. TCD was performed with standard method to measure the mean Flow Velocity(MFV) of the middle and posterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotid artery, the vertebral and the basilar artery. We reviewed the whole TCD results performed at Taejon Veterans Hospital from October. 11. 2000 to November. 10. 2000. Mean flow velocities in headaches and controls at their 6 decades are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $41.25pm1.71cm/sec$ in lent PCA (P<0.01), $50,000\pm23.07cm/sec$ and $82.75\pm15.59cm/sec$ in right MCA(P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.82cm/sec$ and $45.50\pm4.51cm/sec$ in fight PCA(P<0.01). $26.60\pm4.56cm/sec$ and $38.25\pm4.92cm/sec$ in right VAC(P<0.01). After treatment for 2 weeks, mean of velocity on pre treatment and post treatment and post treatment are $28.00\pm3.61cm/sec$ and $38.20\pm5.81cm/sec$ in left PCA (P<0.05), $26.20\pm4.827cm/sec$ and $39.20\pm5.54cm/sec$ in right PCA(P<0.05), $40.60\pm9.18cm/sec$ in right VA(P<0.01). It is concluded that Electrical Therapy for two weeks was effected to promote Mean Flow of Velocity in cranial artery. Mean of velocity in cranial artery with headaches observed in this study was lower than controls, but MFV was promote after treatment for 2 weeks.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.250-261
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the blood flow using doppler ultrasound of the MCA, ACA, PCA, BA, ICA in the patients with risk factor for stroke. Methods : 110 patients with risk factor for stroke were selected who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or heart disease, as well as 89 healthy adults who did not have any symptoms of those diseases. To evaluate the blood flow, the Vs and Vm of the MCA, ACA, PCA, BA, and ICA in the two groups were measured. Result : In normal healthy adults, subjects showed a decrease in the Vs and Vm: with advancing in age, there was a significant difference in the Vs of MCA, PCA, BA, and ICA. There was a significant difference in the Vm of MCA, PCA, BA, and ICA. In normal healthy adults, females showed high velocities in all examined vessels. There was a significant difference in the Vs of BA. There was a significant difference in the Vm of BA, and ICA. There was a decrease in the Vs, and Vm of all examined vessels of patients with risk factors for stroke in comparison with normal healthy adults. There was no significant difference in the Vs. There was a significant difference in the Vm of MCA, ACA, and PCA. Results were the same between patients aged under 50 and total patients in the Vs and Vm of examined vessels. There were differences between patients aged over 50 and total patients in the Vs of MCA, PCA, BA and for patients aged over 50; patients with risk factor for stroke who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or heat disease has higher Vs than healthy adults. Conclusions : There was a significant difference in the blood flow velocity between patients with risk factors for stroke and healthy adults. However, this result was different from results of comparison of TCD findings between patients and healthy individuals by age. Therefore, more detailed studies about aged patients are needed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2004

Background: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) can detect microembolic signals (MES) in the patients with a potential embolic source. Clinical significance of MES has not been demonstrated in patients with prosthetic mechanical heart valves. We studied the correlation between cerebral thromboemoblic events after the mechanical heart valve surgery (MHVS) and residual MES during TCD monitoring with 100% oxygen inhalation in patients with mechanical heart valves. Material and Method: Twenty patients with previous cerebral thromboemoblic events after MHVS and a sex- and age-matched control group (n=30) were studied. TCD monitoring was performed from unilateral middle cerebral artery. After baseline monitoring for 20 minutes, 61 of oxygen was inspired for 40 minutes. Result: The site of valve and the duration after MHVS of the patients did not differ from those of controls. During baseline monitoring, there was no significant difference in MES prevalence or counts compared to controls. During oxygen inhalation, patients showed a higher MES prevalence (55%, 27.6%, p=0.045) and a more frequent MES counts (p=0.027) compared to controls. Conclusion: TCD monitoring with oxygen inhalation may be useful to differentiate clinically significant MES in patients with mechanical heart valve.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.941-947
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• 2000

Background: Central nervous system complication after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) is one of the major prognostic determinants and the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) may increase the incidence of this devastating complication. In this study, the outcomes after off-pump CABG were studied and compared with those following the conventional CABG using CPB. Material and Method: Among the consecutive isolated CABG's performed in SNUH during Feb. 1995 and Jun. 1999, 338 coronary artery bypass grafting were divided into two groups. 223 patients underwent CABG using the CPB(Group I), and 115 patients underwent CABG without CPB(OPCAB)(Group II). All patients enrolled in this study received extensive preoperative examinations including thorough neurologic examination before and after surgery, transcranial doppler study, carotid duplex ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography if necessary. Central nervous system(CNS) complications were defined as stroke, seizure, metabolic or hypoxic encephalopathy and transient delirium after surgery. Result: There were 61 cases(27.3%) who developed postoperative CNS complication in Group I, whereas 8 cases(7.0%) of CNS complications developed postoperatively in group II(p<0.05). Statistically significant predictors of postoperative CNS complications in group I were age and the use of cardiac assist devices perioperatively. Conclusion: This study suggested that omitting the use of CPB in CABG resulted in significant decrease of the postoperative CNS complications. OPCAB should be more widely applied especially to the elderly who have preexisting cerebrovascular disease.