• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to subdivide trade transaction-centered structure in a logistics/distribution industry system to apply blockchain, to establish and resolve with which types of technology, and to provide policy direction of government institution and technology to apply blockchain in this kind of industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted with previous researches centered on cases applied in various industry sectors on the basis of blockchain technology. Results - General fields of blockchain application include digital contents distribution, IoT platform, e-Commerce, real-estate transaction, decentralized app. development(storage), certification service, smart contract, P2P network infrastructure, publication/storage of public documents, smart voting, money exchange, payment/settlement, banking security platform, actual asset storage, stock transaction and crowd funding. Blockchain is being applied in various fields home and abroad and its application cases can be explained in the banking industry, public sector, e-Commerce, medical industry, distribution and supply chain management, copyright protection. As examined in the blockchain application cases, it is expected to establish blockchain that can secure safety through distributed ledger in trade transaction because blockchain is established and applied in various sectors of industries home and abroad. Parties concerned of trade transaction can secure visibility even in interrupted specific section when they provide it as a base for distributed ledger application in trade and establish trade transaction model by applying blockchain. In case of interrupted specific section by using distributed ledger, blockchain model of trade transaction needs to be formed to make it possible for parties concerned involved in trade transaction to secure visibility and real-time tracking. Additionally, management should be possible from the time of contract until payment, freight transfer to buyers through land, air and maritime transportation. Conclusions - In order to boost blockchain-based logistics/distribution industry, the government, institutionally, needs to back up adding legal plan of shipping, logistics and distribution, reviewing standardization of electronic switching system and coming up with blockchain-based industrial road maps. In addition, the government, technologically, has to support R&D for integration with other high technology, standardization of distribution industry's blockchain technology and manpower training to expand technology development.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2001

We present a new algorithm for mining association rules in the large database. Association rules are the relationships of items in the same transaction. These rules provide useful information for marketing. Since Apriori algorithm was introduced in 1994, many researchers have worked to improve Apriori algorithm. However, the drawback of Apriori-based algorithm is that it scans the transaction database repeatedly. The algorithm which we propose scans the database twice. The first scanning of the database collects frequent length l-itemsets. And then, the algorithm scans the database one more time to construct the data structure Common-Item Tree which stores the information about frequent itemsets. To find all frequent itemsets, the algorithm scans Common-Item Tree instead of the database. As scanning Common-Item Tree takes less time than scanning the database, the algorithm proposed is more efficient than Apriori-based algorithm.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2021

Transfer pricing is a matter of concern for countries. It affects the interests of the parties involved in the commercial transaction. Through manipulation of prices in transactions, businesses take advantage of tax rates in a country to adjust profits for economic gain. This affects the fairness and rationality of economic transactions between related parties. The article uses a two-year time series from 2018 to 2019 of 50 foreign direct investment enterprises in Vietnam. The article uses ordinary least squares to test the hypotheses of the research model. The article uses four independent variables related to ownership structure affecting transfer pricing decisions including total ownership, organization ownership, concentration ownership, and area ownership. Research results show that two variables have a positive influence on transfer pricing decisions including total ownership and organization ownership. Organization ownership has a higher degree of influence than total ownership. To be able to control transaction activities related to transfer pricing, Vietnam's state management agencies need to pay attention to perfecting the legal framework based on supplementing and amending regulations related to transfer pricing. Legal regulations need to be regulated based on international common practices to ensure uniformity on a global scale.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.699-709
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• 2004

XML은 정보 관리와 데이타 교환에서 점차로 더 중요해지고 있다. 효율적인 구조 검색과 문서 통합을 위한 기초 과정은 유사한 구조를 갖는 문서를 클러스터링 하는 것이다. 이것은 구조가 다른 전체 문서를 대상으로 검색하는 것보다 더 신속하고 유연성을 제공하기 때문이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 XML 문서의 구조 검색과 통합에 유용한 유사 구조기반의 점진적 클러스터링 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 문서 클러스터링에서 벡터를 이용한 문서의 유사도에 의해 클러스터를 형성하는 것과는 다르게 우리는 대량의 데이타에 유연하게 적용할 수 있는 트랜잭션 데이타를 위한 클러스터링 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 제안 기법은 먼저 순차 패턴 알고리즘을 이용하여 XML 문서의 대표 구조를 추출한다. 그리고 문서를 하나의 트랜잭션으로, 문서의 대표구조를 트랜잭션의 항목으로 간주하여 유사 구조 항목 기반의 점진적인 클러스터링을 수행한다. 아울러, 클러스터의 응집도와 클러스터간의 유사도를 정의하였고, 이를 이용하여 기존 연구와의 실험에 대한 분석을 통해 제안 기법의 효율성을 분석하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

글로벌 경쟁시대의 물류산업의 경영환경 변화는 고객이 기업을 선택하는 시대가 되어가고 있다. 고객에게 적합한 제품과 서비스의 제공을 통한 경쟁기업과의 차별화 우위에 따라 고객의 선택은 달라지기 때문에, 기업은 지속적으로 고객에게 선택을 받거나 유지하는데 노력하고 있다. 결국 이러한 경쟁구도는 장기적 관계구축의 중요성으로 부각된다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 류기업과 화주기업간의 거래관계에 있어 물류기업이 고객만족을 위해 수행하는 거래특성과 관련된 요인들이 성과와 장기거래의 도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았다. 첫째, 물류기업 간 거래에서 고객의 만족을 위해 구체적으로 실현해야 할 물류기업의 거래특성요인인 물류서비스, 비용, 물류인프라 및 기업역량요인을 도출하였다. 둘째, 물류기업의 거래특성요인이 기업의 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 분석해보고, 마지막으로 기업의 성과요인이 장기거래의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 분석해보았다. 실증분석결과 물류기업의 거래특성요인과 성과 간의 관계에는 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 나오지 않았는데, 이는 표본이었던 물류업체의 영세성에 기인한다고 볼 수 있다. 즉, 저가격으로 서비스를 제공할 충분한 역량이 없는 물류기업들의 경우 끊임없는 출혈경쟁을 벌일 수밖에 없으며, 이는 곧 서비스 산업에서의 대표적 특성인 차별화가 어렵다는 단점을 고스란히 안고 있는 동시에, 치열한 가격경쟁을 벌이고 있는 산업의 특성을 반영하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 한편 기업성과요인과 장기거래의도 간의 관계는 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 물류기업과의 파트너십과 가시적인 재무적 성과차원이 높으면 높을수록 앞으로도 지속적으로 거래를 유지하고, 점차 거래물량을 늘려나가기도 하며, 오히려 비용이 좀 더 들게된다 하더라도 거래를 지속적으로 거래하려는 의도가 크게 나타난다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.143-169
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 1981년부터 2015년까지 거래소에 상장된 비-금융기업을 대상으로 자본구조의 관성이 어떻게 산업 간에 차이가 존재하며 이러한 차이가 상품시장 경쟁에 의해 설명될 수 있는지를 실증검증 한다. 본 논문의 실증분석 결과는 '보다 경쟁적 산업에 속하는 기업일수록 자본구조의사결정에 보다 더 관성적으로 하는 경향이 있다'는 것이다. 이러한 결과는 부채의 규율효과에 의해 설명되며, 상품시장경쟁에 대한 대체재로서 기여한다고 할 수 있다. 상품시장 경쟁이 낮을 때, 경영자는 자본구조의사결정과 관련하여 보다 능동적으로 의사결정을 하며 특히 잉여현금 흐름문제를 제약하기 위하여 부채를 사용한다는 것이다. 더욱이 거래비용이 얼마나 설명력이 있는지를 조사하며 자본구조관성에 대한 일반적인 설명이 되는지 파악한다. 본 논문의 결과는 기업의 자본구조에 관성현상이 존재하지만 미국 기업들만큼은 강하지 않았다. 둘째, 이러한 관성효과는 상품시장경쟁과의 관계를 통하여 강하게 나타나지만, OLS 추정모형에서 관성효과가 사라지는 현상이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 거래비용이 자본구조의 관성을 설명하는 데 중요한 역할을 하지 않는다는 증거로 해석될 수 있다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2010

The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws promulgated the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) in 1999. In 2000 and 2002, this Act was also Amended. UCITA provides a comprehensive set of rules for licensing computer information, whether computer software or other clearly identified forms of computer information. Computerized databases and computerized music are other examples of computer information that would be subject to UCITA. It would also govern access contracts to sites containing computer information, whether on or off the Internet. UCITA would not govern contracts, even though they may be licensing contracts, for the traditional distribution of movies, books, periodicals, newspapers, or the like. Part 8 of UCITA provides a remedy structure somewhat modeled on that of Article 2 but adapted in significant respects to the different context of a computer information transaction. For example, 808 of UCITA recognizes the focus in a license context for a licensor's remedy should properly be on recovery for benefit conferred or for lost profit, rather than on damage measurement by a substitute transaction, where the license is non-exclusive so additional transactions are permitted and there is very little cost in reproduction of the information and its redistribution. Section 816 of UCITA also contains very important limitations on the generally recognized common law right of self-help as applicable in the electronic context.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3068-3085
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• 2021

The economics of big data knowledge, especially cloud computing and statistical data of consumer preferences, has attracted increasing academic and industry practitioners' attention. Firms nowadays require purchasing not only external private patent knowledge from other firms, but also proprietary big data knowledge to support their new product development. Extant research investigates pricing strategies of external private patent knowledge and proprietary big data knowledge separately. Yet, a comprehensive investigation of pricing strategies of these two types of knowledge is in pressing need. This research constructs an overarching pricing model of external private patent knowledge and proprietary big data knowledge through the lens of firm profitability as a knowledge transaction recipient. The proposed model can help those firms who purchase external knowledge choose the optimal knowledge structure and pricing strategies of two types of knowledge, and provide theoretical and methodological guidance for knowledge transaction recipient firms to negotiate with knowledge providers.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2001

E-commerce has not only brought about a great change in the way we exchange goods and services but also revolutionized the way we handle business transactions. In addition, it has a significant influence upon the present business structure, and most of firms in service industry as well as manufacturing are considering adopting E-commerce in a serious manner. Most vessels purchase merchandises through a number of shipping agents. As the amount of harbor materials increase, the number of vessels and their navigation frequency also increase. As a result, the amount of procurement for ships has increased. Traditional means such as telephone and fax to handle ever-increasing harbor transaction, however, has proved to be very time-consuming and cost ineffective. Therefore, people are starting to look for more effective ways. In this paper, an internet-based scheme of B2B transaction is proposed to handle procurement problem between shipping agency and shipping company, and between vessel and suppliers as a more effective approach to streamline such problems. We extract problems of shipping agency through task-analysis and present a scheme that performs decision making and procurement as a system agent with brokering structure. Purchaser and supplier are offered material information rapidly and task loads are minimized by the scheme. Also, the system can support decision making of purchasing goods, and information is shared among purchaser, supplier and system through the system interface.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2011

Credit cards are more convenient than cash of heavy. Therefore, credit cards are used widely in on_line (internet) and off_line in nowadays. To use credit cards on internet is commonly secure because client identification based security card and authentication certificate. However, to use in off_line as like shop, store, department, restaurant is unsecure because of irregular accident. As client identification is not used in off_line use of credit cards, the irregular use of counterfeit, stolen and lost card have been increasing in number recently. Therefore, client identification is urgently necessary for secure card using in off_line. And the method of client identification must be simple, don't take long time, convenient for client, card affiliate and card company. In this paper, we study a reform measure of the structure and transaction process for the safety improvement of a credit cards. And we propose several authentication method of short-and long-term for client identification. In the proposal, the client authentication method by OTP application of smart-phone is efficient nowadays.