• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.2 (2)
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• pp.37-39
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• 2003

이동체 데이터베이스를 위한 과거 궤적 색인으로 R-tree계열이 많이 사용된다. 그러나 R-tree계열의 색인은 공간 근접성만을 고려하였기 때문에 동일 궤적을 검색하기에는 많은 노드 접근이 필요하다. 이동체 색인의 검색에서 영역 질의와 궤적 질의는 공간 근접성과 궤적 연결성과 같이 상반된 특징으로 인하여 함께 고려되지 않았다. 이동체 색인에서 영역 질의의 성능개선을 위해서는 노드 간의 심한 중복과 사장 공간(Dead Space)을 줄여야 하고, 궤적 질의의 성능 개선을 위해서는 이동체의 궤적 보존이 이루어져야 한다. 이와 같은 요구 조건을 만족하기 위해, 이 논문에서는 R-tree 기반의 색인 구조에서 새로운 분할 정책을 제안한다. 제안하는 색인 구조의 노드 분할 정책은 궤적 클러스터링을 위한 동일 궤적을 그룹화해서 분할하는 공간 축 분할 정책과 공간 활용도를 높이는 시간 축 분할 정책을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 R-tree기반의 색인 구조에서 변경된 분할 정책을 구현하고, 실험 평가를 수행한다. 이 성능 평가를 통해서 검색성능이 우수함을 보인다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

우주 발사체는 치밀한 비행 계획에 따라 사전에 결정된 경로를 비행하도록 설계된다. 그러나 비정상으로 추력이 종료되거나 계획된 비행경로를 이탈한 경우, 또는 자유 낙하 중인 대기권 재진입 발사체에 대한 추적 과정에서 추적 센서의 측정이 불가하게 된 경우 등에는 별도의 추적 장비를 이용한 추적 또는 신속한 낙하지점 추정이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 클러터 환경에서 무추력 탄도 비행 중인 발사체에 대한 위치 정보를 획득하고 트랙을 생성 및 유지하기 위하여 Integrated Track Splitting(ITS) 알고리듬과 Extended Kalman Filter(EKF)를 결합한 ITS-EKF 알고리듬 적용을 제안한다. 따라서 대기권 재진입 발사체에 대하여 ITS-EKF 알고리듬을 적용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 추적 성능 확인 및 지상 낙하지점을 추정한다. ITS-EKF 알고리듬 적용 결과의 적절성을 확인하기 위하여 ITS와 Particle Filter를 결합한 ITS-PF 알고리듬을 적용하여 구한 추적 성능 및 낙하지점 분포 결과와 비교하여 제시된 알고리듬이 효과적인 실시간 On-line 낙하지점 추정에 사용이 가능함을 확인한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2007

A mechanical model was developed to predict the behavior of point-loaded RC slender beams (a/d > 2.5) without stirrups. It is commonly accepted by most researchers that a diagonal tension crack plays a predominant role in the failure mode of these beams, but the failure mechanism of these members is still debatable. In this paper, it was assumed that diagonal tension failure was triggered by the concrete cover splitting due to the dowel action at the initial location of diagonal tension cracks, which propagate from flexural cracks. When concrete cover splitting occurred, the shape of a diagonal tension crack was simultaneously developed, which can be determined from the principal tensile stress trajectory. This fictitious crack rotates onto the crack tip with load increase. During the rotation, all forces acting on the crack (i.e, dowel force of longitudinal bars, vertical component of concrete tensile force, shear force by aggregate interlock, shear force in compression zone) were calculated by considering the kinematical conditions such as crack width or sliding. These forces except for the shear force in the compression zone were uncoupled with respect to crack width and sliding by the proposed constitutive relations for friction along the crack. Uncoupling the shear forces along the crack was aimed at distinguishing each force from the total shear force and clarifying the failure mechanism of RC slender beams without stirrups. In addition, a proposed method deriving the dowel force of longitudinal bars made it possible to predict the secondary shear failure. The proposed model can be used to predict not only the entire behavior of point-loaded RC slender shear beams, but also the ultimate shear strength. The experiments used to validate the proposed model are reported in a companion paper.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.758-766
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 효율적인 비디오 데이터베이스를 구축하기 위하여 카메라와 객체 파라미터를 이용한 트리-기반 계층형 영상 모자이크 시스템을 제시한다. 장면 전환 검출을 위하여 그레이-레벨 히스토그램 차이와 평균 명암도 차이를 이용한 방법을 제시하였다. 카메라 파라미터는 최소 사각형 오류 기법과 어파인 모델을 이용하여 측정하고, 두 입력 영상의 유사성을 측정하기 위하여 차영상을 이용한다. 또한 동적 객체는 매크로 블록 설정에 의하여 검색되고 영역 분할과 4-분할 탐색에 의하여 추출한다. 동적 객체의 표현은 동적 궤도 평가 함수에 의하여 수행되고 블러링을 통하여 부드럽고 완만한 모자이크 영상을 구축한다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2002

The numerical experiment has been conducted to investigate the unsteady shock wave reflecting phenomena. The cell-vertex finite-volume, Roe's upwind flux difference splitting method with unstructured grid is implemented to solve unsteady Euler equations. The $4^{th}$-order Runge-Kutta method is applied for time integration. A linear reconstruction of the flux vector using the least-square method is applied to obtain the $2^{nd}$-order accuracy for the spatial derivatives. For a better resolution of the shock wave and slipline, the dynamic grid adaptation technique is adopted. The new concept of grid adaptation technique, which is much simpler than that of conventional techniques, is introduced for the current study. Three error indicators (divergence and curl of velocity, and gradient of density) are used for the grid adaptation procedure. Considering the quality of the solution and the numerical efficiency, the grid adaptation procedure was updated up to $2^{nd}$ level at every 20 time steps. For the convenience of comparison with other experimental and analytical results, the case of interaction between the straight incoming shock wave and a sharp wedge is simulated for various flow conditions. The numerical results show good agreement with other experimental and analytical results, in the shock wave reflecting structure, slipline, and the trajectory of the triple points. Some critical cases show disagreement with the analytical results, but these cases also have been proven to show hysteresis phenomena.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1243-1244
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• 2022

In recent years, the growing interest in off-site construction has led to factories scaling up their manufacturing and production processes in the construction sector. Consequently, continuous large-scale site monitoring in low-variability environments, such as prefabricated components production plants (precast concrete production), has gained increasing importance. Although many studies on computer vision-based site monitoring have been conducted, challenges for deploying this technology for large-scale field applications still remain. One of the issues is collecting and transmitting vast amounts of video data. Continuous site monitoring systems are based on real-time video data collection and analysis, which requires excessive computational resources and network traffic. In addition, it is difficult to integrate various object information with different sizes and scales into a single scene. Various sizes and types of objects (e.g., workers, heavy equipment, and materials) exist in a plant production environment, and these objects should be detected simultaneously for effective site monitoring. However, with the existing object detection algorithms, it is difficult to simultaneously detect objects with significant differences in size because collecting and training massive amounts of object image data with various scales is necessary. This study thus developed a large-scale site monitoring system using edge computing and a small-object detection system to solve these problems. Edge computing is a distributed information technology architecture wherein the image or video data is processed near the originating source, not on a centralized server or cloud. By inferring information from the AI computing module equipped with CCTVs and communicating only the processed information with the server, it is possible to reduce excessive network traffic. Small-object detection is an innovative method to detect different-sized objects by cropping the raw image and setting the appropriate number of rows and columns for image splitting based on the target object size. This enables the detection of small objects from cropped and magnified images. The detected small objects can then be expressed in the original image. In the inference process, this study used the YOLO-v5 algorithm, known for its fast processing speed and widely used for real-time object detection. This method could effectively detect large and even small objects that were difficult to detect with the existing object detection algorithms. When the large-scale site monitoring system was tested, it performed well in detecting small objects, such as workers in a large-scale view of construction sites, which were inaccurately detected by the existing algorithms. Our next goal is to incorporate various safety monitoring and risk analysis algorithms into this system, such as collision risk estimation, based on the time-to-collision concept, enabling the optimization of safety routes by accumulating workers' paths and inferring the risky areas based on workers' trajectory patterns. Through such developments, this continuous large-scale site monitoring system can guide a construction plant's safety management system more effectively.