• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 2021

The Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL) is a new pilot qualification introduced by ICAO to train co-pilots for transport aircraft based on efficient and stable competency to respond to changes in the operating environment and technology. ICAO and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) require a minimum flight of 240 hours for MPL qualification training, and allow the use of flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) for most of the training, specifying the performance requirements for FSTDs. As South Korea is also preparing for the operation of the MPL training program, it is essential to establish the operating standards for FSTDs required for MPL training. This study aims to identify the international standards for FSTDs related to MPL training, and to compare them with the current operating standards for FSTDs in South Korea for presenting a standard (draft) that can be used when introducing domestic MPL training programs in the future.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 2023

The Republic of Korea (ROK) Army is developing the Army Synthetic Battlefield Training System and plans divisional-level Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) integrated training. This study proposes a plan to apply VR/AR/MR (Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality/Mixed Reality) technology to LVC integrated training systems to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of future LVC integrated training. The study investigated immersive military training systems in the ROK and advanced countries. As a result, we confirm that immersive technology can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of military training. Accordingly, we review the key technologies required for building a defense training system with immersive features and propose training subjects that can be enhanced in effectiveness and efficiency when built with an immersive approach. We also propose a plan to apply immersive technology to the Live, Virtual, and Constructive systems for the development of future LVC integrated training system.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

Objective: This study aims to introduce the bridge resource management (BRM) training courses implemented in Korea and to analyze their effectiveness in several views. Background: BRM training will be a mandatory course for crew members of ships from 2017. At this stage, it is needed to check if the BRM training courses implemented until now was effective to the Korean maritime safety and to investigate if there are more effective training methods. Method: The effectiveness of BRM training intervention in Korea was compared with that of the other countries, using Kirkpatrick's (1976) training evaluation framework. Kim (2012)'s data on the BRM training effectiveness were re-analyzed in order to check if the effects of BRM training are dependent on the bridge work experience. Results: Many BRM training courses has been opened in Korea. However, the methods to assess BRM training effects used in Korea focused on the survey of subjective satisfaction level, not investigating trainees' attitude and behavior change. On the other hand, the effectiveness of BRM training was higher to the bridge officers with long work experience than with shorter work experience. Conclusion: The contents of BRM training should be changed to effectively apply to the context of the real-world exercise and be differentiated depending on the work experience. Research on the methods to measure the BRM training effectiveness is also more required. Application: The results of this study will aid to develop the BRM training courses for bridge officers of ships in the BRM training institutions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to identify whether resistance exercise using elastic bands for six weeks can improve muscle strength, muscle tone, balance, and gait in patients with stroke. Methods : In total, 35 patients with stroke were randomly divided into three groups: resistance exercise using elastic band training combined with less affected side training group, more affected side training group, and both sides training group. Muscle strength, muscle tone, balance, and gait were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer, the modified Ashworth scale, the Berg Balance scale (BBS), and wireless 3-axis accelerometer, before and after training. Results : All three groups showed a significant increase in muscle strength of the lower extremity after training, and there was a significant difference among the groups. There was no change in muscle tone in all three groups. BBS scores increased significantly in all three groups after training, but these scores were not significantly different. The gait speed increased significantly in all three groups after the training, but the difference was not significant. The cadence increased significantly in Group 2 after training; however, there was no significant difference between Groups 1 and 3. There were no significant differences between the groups before and after the training. Step length increased significantly in Groups 2 and 3 after the training, but it was not significantly different in Group 1. After training, Groups 2 and 3 were significantly greater than Group 1 in the change in step length. Conclusion : The results show that resistance exercise using elastic bands can improve strength, balance, and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Especially, more affected side training was more effective in improving muscle strength than less affected side training. More affected side and both sides training are thought to be more effective than less affected side training to improve step length.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Qigong training after physical training stress in untrained college students For this study, 6 voluntary subjects(male 4, female 2) were chosen in untrained students of K University. they were trained by teachers during 6 weeks and tested just before Qingong training and after 6 weeks. Each subject was performed a treadmill exercise(model Q65, Quinton Co, U.S.A.) to the all-out state. During exercise stress test, electrocardiogram, heart rate were checked by stress test monitor(model Q4500, Quinton Co, U.S.A) and also oxygen uptake, maximal oxygen uptake analyzed continuously by automatic gas analysis(model QMC, Quinton Co, U.S.A). During physical training the serum were collected 3 times, pre-experimental rest time, and serum catecholamine were measured by HPLC.T-test of statistical analysis system was used in every experiment for statistical assessment. The results of T-test on these data were summarized as follow:1.Heart rate change during exercise stress test after Qigong training was shown more decreasing tendency than before training. Especially, heart rate change after Qigong training during resting periods was decreased significantly than before training.2. Oxygen uptake change during exercise stress test after Qigong training was shown more increasing tendency than before training, And also maximal oxygen uptake after Qigong training was shown more increasing tendency than before 6 weeks.3. Epinephrine level of after Qigong training was more decreased significantly than before training in all-out state. And norepinephrine level of after Qigong training was shown more decreasing tendency than before training in all-out state and after 30 minutes rest time. Above results indicate that Qigong training for 6 weeks could be effective to elevate the cardiopulmonary functions and diminish the stress responses of the physical stress.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2020

Purpose: Functional ankle instability (FAI) causes tension in the joints, ligaments, and tendons, and the impact on visual and vestibular organs leads to imbalance. This study compared the effects of a traditional balance training program to virtual reality training to improve FAI. Methods: Twenty-four participants with FAI (CAIT score < 24) were assigned to a virtual reality training group (n = 13) and a traditional balance training group (n = 11). Both groups pursued their respective training program for four weeks. After a ten-minute warm-up, participants completed a 30-minute training session, three times per week. The traditional balance training group underwent static and dynamic training using a balance board and a stability trainer pad while the virtual reality group underwent balance training using a virtual reality program. Biorescue was used to measure changes in the speed and length of center of pressure (COP) for single-leg stance pre- and post-training. Results: The speed and length of COP improved significantly in both groups after training as compared to before (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in these outcomes between the virtual reality training group and the traditional balance training group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study findings confirm the effectiveness of both virtual reality training and traditional balance training in reducing ankle instability, with no difference in treatment effects.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.353-361
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the demands for supplementary training for the heads of vocational training institutions and vocational training teachers and instructors, and to suggest the direction of supplementary training. To this end, a survey was conducted with 130 heads of vocational training institutions and 535 vocational training teachers and instructors. As a result of the survey, most respondents were sympathized with the need for supplementary training in both group, and their training needs were high to acquire new skills and improve their skills as teachers. In addition, opinions were gathered on measures to encourage participation in supplementary training and factors that hinder participation in supplementary training. Based on this, suggestions were made for the direction of supplementary training.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2021

In this study, a SW interactive education training program for elementary school teachers was developed in order to cultivate the SW competency of teachers who apply SW education to schools, and the effect was analyzed by applying it to the school training site. For the development of the training program, the training development direction was set based on the current SW teacher training program, and an interactive training program was opened so that training could be conducted in a non-face-to-face situation in the COVID-19 situation. The developed training program was applied to 104 elementary school teachers in Gyeonggi-do. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the interactive training program, a survey on professor efficacy and satisfaction was conducted, and positive results were confirmed in terms of professor efficacy and program satisfaction. As it is expected that various SW/AI education training for teachers will be conducted as interactive training in the future, it is judged that it is necessary to conduct an analysis study on the effect of SW/AI training training.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

The army is carrying out a project of a scientific training system which enables company level mutual training in infantry division to enhance battle command capability and combat skill. In this paper, we tried to prove the necessities of a scientific training system based on previously conducted training results. We drew comparison among proposed alternatives. To obtain the results we used hierarchical analysis methodology And cost and training effectiveness analysis were conducted.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the introduction and activation of smart training for the effective training of vocational ability development of companies in the 4th industrial revolution era, we analyze the present status of smart training introduction and related difficulties and propose concrete activation plan. Research design, data, and methodology - Through the online survey, we tried to confirm the recognition of corporate about smart training. Questionnaires include what are the benefits, expectations, and difficulties of smart training, etc. The survey was conducted from August 21, 2017 to September 4, 2017. A total of 69 companies participated in the questionnaire. The questionnaire results were analyzed through frequency analysis and contents analysis. Based on the results of the questionnaire, we found out the cause of inhibition of smart training activation and suggested activation strategies. Results - The main reason for the provision of smart training is the expectation of the training performance and the recognition that it is possible to provide training in a flexible manner. The effectiveness of smart training operation was evaluated as a high level of contribution to the development of creative training course and the capacity of training institute. As a result of checking factors that hinders the activation of smart training, the most important reason is that the time and cost burden of the training institutes is excessive. The lack of expertise in the design of smart training courses and the burden of employers and trainees. Conclusions - In order to activate smart training, it is necessary to find solutions to the obstacles at the internal or external level of training institutions. The internal barriers to the training organization are lack of internal competence for preparation and course management. In this regard, we need to consider providing consulting, best practices or guidance in the process of designing and operating smart training. On the other hand, as an external obstacle factor, it is necessary to provide incentives to participate in smart training. In addition, further research is needed on strategies that can lead to participation in smart training from the viewpoint of employers and learners.