• 한국의사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

In this study, we examine the changes to Korean medicine that occurred when 'proprietary medicines' (賣藥) swept through the pharmaceutical market during the Japanese occupation (1910-1945 C.E.). Proprietary medicine during the Japanese colonial period took various forms including ready-made, over-the-counter, patent, and nostrum type pharmaceuticals. This paper examines how Korean medicine, which was the dominant form of medicine during the Joseon Dynasty, was forced to adapt to the rise of proprietary medicines. We found that the prescription of Korean medicine herbal decoctions became more like proprietary medicine in the way that they were formulated. In addition, prescriptions in Korean medicine books were reformulated with prescriptions and medicines from outside the tradition. Proprietary medicines, many of which were made with secret recipes handed down in a family, also attracted attention. Such prescriptions were made famous through advertisements and further influenced future Korean medicine doctors. New prescriptions took advantage of the trust and authority existing in traditional Korean medicine by introducing ginseng and traditional medicinal herbs such as deer antler velvet (鹿茸, Cervi Parvum Cornu). This paper argues that proprietary medicine of the Japanese colonial period distorted the concept of traditional herbal medicine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2014

Objectives: Most drug interactions are attributed to the inhibition or induction of the activity of cytochrome P450s (CYP450). Although the regulation of CYP450s by drugs has been widely reported, there have been few studies on influence of traditional herbal formulas on the drug-metabolizing enzymes. Because herbal formulas have been used traditionally to treat various diseases and because herb-drug interactions are crucial factors determining therapeutic efficacies, a systematic evaluation of the effects of herbal formulas is important. Methods: The effects of Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen tang), Gumiganghwal-tang (GMGHT, jiuweiqianghuo tang), Insampaedok-san (ISPDS, renshenbaidu powder), Samsoeum (SSE, shensu drink), Socheongryong-tang (SCRT, xiaoqinglong-tang) and Sosiho-tang (SSHT, xiaochaihu tang) that are traditional herbal formulas used to treat common cold, on drug-metabolizing enzymes were evaluated through an in vitro CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 inhibition assay to assess its interaction potential with synthetic drugs. The inhibitory effects of herbal formulas were characterized with $IC_{50}$ values. Results: These six herbal formulas inhibited the activities of CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6 and 2E1, in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six herbal formulas, GGT critically inhibited CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1. GMGHT also inhibited CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 to a greater extent than the other CYP450 isozymes. Additionally, SSE and SSHT may change the effects of medicines that depend primarily on the CYP2C19 and CYP2E1 pathways. On the other hand, ISPDS and SCRT were not inhibited CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1-mediated metabolism. Conclusions: These findings provide useful information regarding the safety and effectiveness of herbal formulas.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2019

Objective : Herbal dispensaries, where medications are prepared for patients, require specific preparation and operations management for safe herbal medicines. This study aims to propose improvements in the herbal medicine preparation and operation of the herbal dispensaries as series study of the "A Survey on the Management Status of Extramural Herbal Dispensaries" Methods : We first checked current management regulations. In addition, we compared and analyzed related laws which are "State management norm of Traditional Chinese Medicine dispensaries", "Enforcement Rule of Medicinal Product Safety" and " Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point(HACCP)", to introduce the assessment items of herbal dispenses evaluation and certification system. Results : In this study, we found that the current regulations, "Guideline on Installation and Utilization of Extremal Herbal Pharmaceutical Facility and Shared-use of Herbal Dispensary", are insufficient to ensure the quality and safety of herbal medicines. We suggested articles for the proper management of herbal dispensaries and these were introduced to the Herbal dispensary evaluation and certification system. Conclusion : We recommend evaluation articles in Herbal dispensary evaluation and certification systems need to be popular among herbal dispensaries, then Korean herbal medicine could restore credibility from the people.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-146
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• 2008

Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine was written by Heo Joon in 1610 and published in 1613, it was stored in the Library of Seoul University. It quotes more than 190 ancient Chinese books including mostly those of medicine. The author discusses mainly the theory of herbal formulas and its numbers comparing formulas between quotation and original text in Zhu Zhongjing's formula. Prescriptions from the Great Peace Imperial Grace Pharmacy, Effective Formulas Handed Down for Generations and Recovery from All Ailments. Through comparison it's found that there are five correlations between quotation and original. That shows a affinity relation in traditional medicine between China and Korea and a historical visage that Korean doctors followed Chinese medicine and tried to further development from it.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Objectives : Ongyeong-tang (OGT) is a traditional herbal formula used to cure gynaecological disorders. OGT consists of 12 herbal medicines containing various bioactive components. Therefore, the development of suitable analytical method for the marker compounds is necessary for the quality control of OGT. Methods : Determination of the 18 marker compounds in OGT preparations was quantitatively performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection analysis. The marker compounds were separated on a reversed-phase C ₁₈ column and the analytical method was successfully validated, which was applied to compare OGT extracts from laboratory preparation and commercial OGT granules. Results : Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were in the ranges of $0.001-0.016{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.003-0.047{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Precision was 0.03-3.71 % within a day and 0.03-3.81 % over four consecutive days. Recovery of marker compounds ranged from 90.63-108.26 %, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values < 4.0 %. Reproducibility was < 2.5 % of the RSD value. The 18 marker compounds were stable within 16 h at $10^{\circ}C$, with the RSD value < 3.5 %. Quantitative analysis results showed that the quantities of the 18 marker compounds varied among OGT samples. Pearson coefficient evaluation and principal component analysis demonstrated that an OGT water extract produced by a laboratory method clearly differed from commercial OGT granules. Conclusions : The developed analytical method was simple, precise, and reliable. Therefore, it can be used for the quality assessment of OGT preparations.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.373-388
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to provide basic data for research by investigating non-clinical experimental studies on herbal medicines and its compounds for precocious puberty. Methods : A search was conducted for all literature until October 2023 using combinations of keywords such as precocious puberty, puberty, and chinese medicine in three databases (Pubmed, OASIS, and ScienceON). Results : 1. In animal experiments, studies were mainly conducted using a model that induced precocious puberty by subcutaneously administering danazol to SD rats on the 5th day after birth, and in cell experiments, precocious puberty was induced by treating GT1-7 cells with kisspeptin 10 or estradiol. 2. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, and Prunellae Spica were mainly used as herbal medicine to evaluate their efficacy on precocious puberty in non-clinical experiments. 3. Macroscopic observation, hematological analysis, histological analysis, and genetic analysis were performed as methods to analyze the experimental results. Conclusions : In this study, the effects of herbal medicine on precocious puberty and non-clinical research methods were confirmed. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that non-clinical effectiveness and mechanism research on materials that are clinically effective in Traditional Korean Medicine will be revitalized.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.361-371
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• 2023

Objectives : Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract that not only has a high mortality rate, but also affects quality of life. In Traditional Korean Medicine, acupuncture and herbal medicines can increase the survival rate for Gastric cancer and improve the quality of life. Traditional Korean Medicine treatment played an important role when used alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, there is still insufficient evidence to support the efficacy and safety of Traditional Korean Medicine in patients undergoing chemotherapy after surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the effect of oriental medicine treatment on patients as a complementary therapy for Gastric cancer. Methods : 2 researchers will search using EMBASE, Pubmed, CNKI, Cochrane Library, CiNii, KMBASE, KISS, OASIS, RISS, ScienceON. The search period of the database is from inception until June 2022. This study will include a randomized controlled trial of GC for acupuncture and herbal treatment. Primary outcomes include anti-cancer effects. Secondary outcomes evaluate survival rates and improvements in quality of life. The data uses Review Manager Software 5.4. Results : This study will provide a systematic evaluation by synthesizing the anti-cancer effect, survival rate and quality of life of Gastric cancer when Traditional Korean Medicine is combined with chemotherapy. Conclusion : The conclusion of this study will provide a basis for determining whether Traditional Korean Medicine treatment for Gastric cancer treatment is an effective and safe treatment method in clinical practice.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

Science of prescriptions is an important part in the education of Korean Oriental Medicine. In spite of that, there is less agreement on measures for improving the education quality of science of prescriptions. Science of prescriptions can be classified into generalities and particulars. This study sought to present contents that must be incorporated into Introduction to Science of Prescriptions to enhance the quality of education by examining both teaching materials being used in colleges of traditional Chinese medicine and those of Korean oriental medicine and the Introduction part of books related with science of prescriptions. And when this study was carried out, training Korean oriental medicine practitioners and researchers and educators of science of prescriptions was taken into account. It is judged that Introduction to Science of Prescriptions needs to be divided into seven chapters and that each chapter requires containing opinions of ancient doctors and references to lay the basis of learning and revised and practical contents in addition to traditional ones. Chapter One Introduction (Conception, History, Disciplinery, Study, How to Learn, Range of Study, How to Study, Academic Activities) Chapter Two Prescriptions and Selection of Treatment Based on the Differential Diagnosis Chapter Three Prescriptions and Therapeutic Methods (Eight Therapeutic Methods, Sixty Four Therapeutic Methods etc.) Chapter Four Classification of Prescriptions Chapter Five Designing and Modification of Prescriptions (Compatibility, Designing, Modification) Chapter Six Preparation Forms of the Prescriptions (Origin, Charicteristics) Chapter Seven Methods of Decocting and Taking Korean Oriental Herbal Medicines Appendix Tables of Apothecaries' Measures and Weights in Current and Ancient Times

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.125-140
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• 2021

Objectives This study aims to find out the recent trend of the herbal medicine treatment in children's stomatitis in China, and propose better methods to treat children's stomatitis in Korea. Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) relevant to 'Herbal medicine treatment on children's stomatitis' were searched using China Academic Journal (CAJ). The search method we used included search formula, (SU = '口內炎' + '口腔炎' + 'stomatitis') and (SU = '儿童' + '小儿' + 'children' + 'child') from 2000 to September 2021. Results A total of 9 RCTs were selected and analyzed. All reports showed that oral administration of herbal medicine were effective and improved clinical symptoms. The most-used herbal medicine category was Heat-clearing medicine (淸熱藥). Conclusions The literatures from China have shown that herbal medicine improves children's stomatitis. These outcomes may be helpful for the treatment of children's stomatitis in Korea. However, further studies are needed to develop treatment guidelines for children's stomatitis.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2008

Background and Objectives : There are three kinds of formulas for purging the kidney to cure its sthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Sashintang, Sashinhwan and Sashinsan. There are 4 kinds of Sashintang, 1 kind of Sashinhwan and 1 kind of Sashinsan. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for purging the kidney, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Pyeongshintang for curing the sthenic syndrome of kidney through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Pyeongshintang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Pyeongshintang. Methods : This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Pyeongshintang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the "Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine", the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Pyeongshintang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Rhizoma Alismatis (2don;7.5g), No.2 Poria (1don;3.75g), No.3 Radix Paeoniae Alba (1don), No.4 Fructus Chaenomelis (1don), No.5 Polyporus (1don), No.6 Cortex Cinnamomi (1don), and No.7 Radix Glycyrrhizae (1don) Results : There are three methods for curing the sthenic syndrome of kidney according to the five elements doctrine : purging the kidney, purging the liver and invigorating the spleen. First, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the kidney, you need to purge your kidney. There are two available methods, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each imply the salty taste and the hot property purge the kidney. In the case of taste purgation, two herbal medicines with salty taste, Rhizoma Alismatis and Poria, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property purgation, two herbal medicines with the hot property, Polyporus and Cortex Cinnamomi, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Secondly, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the kidney, you need to purge your liver which is child in the mother-child relationship in inter-promotion among the five elements. There are two methods to purge the liver, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each mean the sour taste and the cool property purge the liver. Therefore, it is important to use sour herbal medicines for taste purgation and cool ones for property purgation. Both sour and cool herbal medicines, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Fructus Chaenomelis, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Lastly, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the kidney, you need to invigorate your spleen which is an element being surpassed in the relationship between the elements surpassed and ones not surpassed in inter-restraint among the five elements. There are two methods to invigorate the spleen, which include taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. Taste invigoration means to invigorate the spleen with sweet taste and property invigoration to invigorate the spleen with warm property. Therefore, it is important to use sweet herbal medicines for taste invigoration and warm ones for property invigoration. Both sweet and warm herbal medicines, Polyporus and Cortex Cinnamomi, were combined to invigorate the spleen and purge the kidney. In addition, Radix Glycyrrhizae are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, harmonizing all the herbal medicines composing the formula. Conclusions : First, to cure the sthenic syndrome of the kidney, the methods of purging the kidney and the liver, and invigorating the spleen should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Pyeongshintang is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.