• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4_spc
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• pp.730-741
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• 2024

Pig production is one of the viable enterprises of the livestock sub-sector of agriculture. It contributes significantly to the economy and animal protein supply to enhance food security in Africa and globally. This article explored the present status of pig production in Africa, the challenges, prospects and potentials. The pig population of Africa represents 4.6% of the global pig population. They are widely distributed across Africa except in Northern Africa where pig production is not popular due to religio-cultural reasons. They are mostly reared in rural parts of Africa by smallholder farmers, informing why majority of the pig population in most parts of Africa are indigenous breeds and their crosses. Pig plays important roles in the sustenance of livelihood in the rural communities and have cultural and social significance. The pig production system in Africa is predominantly traditional, but rapidly growing and transforming into the modern system. The annual pork production in Africa has grown from less than a million tonnes in year 2000 to over 2 million tonnes in 2021. Incidence of disease outbreak, especially African swine fever is one of the main constraints affecting pig production in Africa. Others are lack of skills and technical know-how, high ambient temperature, limited access to high-quality breeds, high cost of feed ingredients and veterinary inputs, unfriendly government policies, religious and cultural bias, inadequate processing facilities as well as under-developed value-chain. The projected human population of 2.5 billion in Africa by 2050, increasing urbanization and decreasing farming population are pointers to the need for increased food production. The production systems of pigs in Africa requires developmental research, improvements in housing, feed production and manufacturing, animal health, processing, capacity building and pig friendly policies for improved productivity and facilitation of export.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

In recent, events tourism of community festival is a particular form of tourism which has experienced considerable growth in Korea, and is become the important strategy for tourist inducement and revitalization of regional economy. Many events of community festival were mainly established since 1995, and most of local government such as city and county adopted the events of cultural tourism festival. Among these community festival, Hampyeong Butterfly Festival of Hampyeong-gun of Jeollanamdo, is recognized as one of famous events all over the country. In particular, Hampyeong Butterfly Festival to be held since 1999, attracts over 1 million tourists annually, and provides a lot of opportunities educational shows and exhibitions, including ecology experiences and learning sites, as well as environmentally-friendly agriculture learning sites, folklore customs, cultural heritage and traditional plays. Therefore, the purpose of this study focuses on the tourist behaviour of Butterfly Festival 2002. Most tourist have positive attitude and evaluation about festival, in particular, tourists present show high satisfaction with many programs of festival. However, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of festival, Hampyeong-gun have to concern with some improvements such as the expansion of tourists' facilities, active publicity activities, and matketing of special products of Hampyeong-gun.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

This study attempts to investigate the spatial characteristics of cultural economies of Bukchon in Seoul, where abundant cultural assets exist. This area has been the administrative-political core locale since 14C, therefore, a lot of traditional- and contemporary-cultural facilities are remains, This area possessed unique place characteristics by coexisting traditional and modern cultures, and thus attracted to culture demanders. Recently many economic activities have increased in this area, and most of them are related with the cultural elements of the region, In particular creative retail shops, which produce goods by flexible-specialized production system, have been agglomerated in this area, The goods are designed, produced, and sold at the shop place. Most of them are uniquely designed hand made products, and produced a few amount. The economic value of these products related with the cultural environment of Bukchon. These creative shops emerged at the front of Samcheongdong street in the beginning, and then have diffused into the inside of Samcheongdong street and Hwagae street. The shops have very unique exteriors related with traditional houses in this area, and located on roadsides where are not many passerby. Most owners of the retail stores are highly educated and studied design, and produce goods by themselves at the shops. The reason that they opened their shops in Bukchon is directly related with the unique cultural environment of this area. They hope that more unique and artistic stores join this area so that developed this area as culture and fashion combined area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2013

The contemporary concept of publicness is reinterpreted from the point of view of contemporary publicness. Contemporary perception of public space has now branched and grown into a multitude of non-traditional sites with a variety of programs in mind. In this study, the aim is to discuss how contemporary public library has been evolved as public space and how to create User-centered interaction. In the case of developed countries, the Public Libraries have showed the expected effects because they have more systematic and efficient plan. Also, these libraries are placed with each facility, not distributed separately. It promotes the accumulation of profit on the space and Increases the efficiency. They support more effectively users' activities through the linkages between each facility and create the active interaction between users. Formation of the various interactions and synergies between space had been induced. Publicity means that the state will relate a combination of a number of specific public area. In addition, open space, public place, shall be directed to: This place as one of the users in order to have meaning, must be equipped with the facilities and space to communicate and understand the local role. Methods of the study are to analyze the concept and role of the users with the concept of modern publicity, to examine the concept of multi-complexity of public libraries for the user-oriented publicness, to learn about the characteristics of public spaces in the public libraries that appear in the advanced countries, to examine how to affect these characteristics in the public libraries, and to suggest the possibility and the various application methods on the characteristics of a public space. In the end, the public libraries for the realization of the publicity, support program complexity such as education and culture, welfare facilities, and public service facilities. In the 21st century, these complexity to improve the quality of service in public libraries. These spaces can be an alternative to be kept comfortable in a more vibrant area, and can affect the social, natural, cultural, and environmental aspects of the physical environment and the objects and relationships, as well as expand.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2017

Hanok in Bukchon was originally planned for residential buildings, but recently, there have been needs and wants to renovate and modernize the houses into some other purposes. Many researches exist with regard to hanok in Bukchon; yet, most previous studies focus on the spatial changes caused by the renovation of hanok. Only few studies have dealt with some component issues such as window. Nevertheless, window of hanok is an important aesthetic and functional element that determines unique characteristics of hanok. In the process of recent modernization and functional changes of hanok, its traditional design is also changing. In fact, Bukchon has been rapidly evolving for tourist attractions so that banok has been renovated in various commercial as well as cultural purposes. Many of residential hanok have been converted into other purposes such as cultural, commercial or non-residential facilities so that the role of windows should be changed accordingly. Analyzing windows of the renovated hanok in Bukchon, this study identifies changes in its types in accordance with the repurposing. It deals with windows of the non-residential hanok only. A total of 456 Bukchon hanok are included in the Bukchon Historical and Cultural Center in the Hanok Register of the Hanok Registration System, which was enforced in 2001. Although 381 out of 456 hanok have been repaired since 2001, only 68 non-resident Bukchon hanok of the repaired ones are selected and surveyed in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 2021

In Korea, efforts have been made continuously to improve the environment of traditional markets concerning the issues of urban regeneration. In particular, many old cities and traditional markets face a lack of parking spaces. As a solution to this, attempts are being made to prepare underground parking spaces by designing urban planning facilities in three-dimensional ways and utilizing the upper part as a more meaningful space. This study is about the master plan to use the upper green area while creating an underground parking lot at 571 Sinmae-dong, Suseong-gu, Daegu. This green area was defined as a space with dual values, 'defensive green space' that needs to be ecologically protected, and 'active cultural space' where walking flows to the market and various events are concentrated. Three specific design strategies to balance these values were presented. First, to prevent indiscriminate occupation and damage by people and maintain a healthy green environment, securing the maximum amount of undivided green space in the site was suggested. Second, a space layout and a topography and planting patterns that can overcome the morphological characteristics of narrow and long-shaped sites enable the experience of abundant green spaces. Third, providing space to strengthen the connections with nearby urban facilities such as Sinmae Market and Gosan Library can also intensively accommodate cultural activities in various cities. This study has academic significance in providing implications for urban regeneration projects with similar contexts in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.559-568
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• 2017

recent times, the monthly rent in the Jongno-gu Historical and Cultural Street in Seoul has rapidly increased, because of the presence of large-scale franchises and the entry of private investment into the traditional and local businesses focusing on Bukchon, Seochon, Insa-dong, and Samcheong-dong. As a result, the business environment for these merchants has worsened, due to the increasing economic burden. In order to maintain the business environment of the merchants, it is necessary to evaluate the potential for establishing a regional commercial area, in order to resolve the problems of the existing commercial areas and to improve the locational, economic, cultural and political environment. This study analyzed the factors influencing the merchants' satisfaction with the business environment as a function of their age, by considering three age groups, viz. 30-49, 50-59, and more than 60, considering the locational, economic, cultural and political environment of the merchants. Among the factors influencing the satisfaction with the business environment, the merchants in their 30s and 40s placed more emphasis on the traffic accessibility, floating population, store premium and monthly rent than the other age groups. Among the factors influencing the satisfaction with the business environment, the merchants in their 50s placed more emphasis on the cultural organization, artist activities, expansion of community support facilities, and banning of franchises in certain locations than the other age groups. Among the factors influencing the satisfaction with the business environment, the merchants over 60 years old placed more emphasis on the walking accessibility, monthly sales, merchant community, preservation of historical and cultural landscape, and commercial protection of the government than the other age groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the KangWon Province Police Agency(KPA). The site, about 27,711 $m^2$, is located at 293-4 Udu-dong, Chunchun, KangWon-Do. Design objectives of the KPA were to build a symbolic place which fall community members with pride, to elevate an identity and status of the KPA by creating a landscape correspondent to the concept of the building design, to provide community residents with a space to enjoy cultural and social activities, and to make environment friendly space. The main concept was developed by one of characteristics of the traditional spatial structure of Korea known as an, 'Open and Closed spatial structure.'By re-interpreting the traditional spatial structure and applying it to the site, the design met the various desires of the KPA. The site is primarily segmented into 6 sub spaces; entrance space Podori plaza, symbolic court, police billeting area, sports area, and rear rest area. The entrance space, Podori plaza, and symbolic court on the south-west part of the site represent the publicity of the site as the concept of ″open space.″ On the contrary, considering the specialty of police affairs, the north-east part of the site, which contains the police billeting area and rest area, were designed to maintain security by using the concept of ″closed space.″ To express an identity of the KPA, 'Podori', a police mascot, the plaza was designed and is suppose to function as the hub of the community. In the front section of the plaza, a symmetrical planting pattern, centering the strong axis, was introduced to strengthen its symbolic meaning. Traditional window frames such as the pattern of 'Pisal-jige'and 'Umulsal-jige' were used for the paving system which is applied as the environment friendly design. Site facilities and furnitrue were placed at every important spot in order to connect various spaces organically. As these well-tied spaces properly shared their function, spatial sequence and management would be promoted. The entire space was designed to allow free access of handicapped people. This proposal is meant to create a new image of KangWon province and to enhance the way of inhabitants' think about their community.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

This study interpreted the logical validity of the landscape restoration and maintenance patterns of Changgyeonggung Palace, where modern landscapes coexist. The results of the study are as follows; First, the changes in the landscape restoration and maintenance attitude concerning the Changgyeonggung management organization were identified. With the establishment of the Office of the Imperial Garden, an imperial property was nationalized. The Cultural Heritage Managing Department was opened in 1961, and Changgyeonggung Palace were preserved as designated as historical sites in 1963. An environmental purification was implemented by the Changgyeonggung Office as a follow-up measure for restoration in 1983. As the Cultural Heritage Administration promoted in 1999 and the Royal Palaces and Tombs Center was established in 2019, the palace has been managed professionally as a palace landscape to provide a viewing environment. Second, In the 'Purification Period of Changgyeongwon(1954~1977)', environmental purification was carried out to restore amusement facilities, install facilities for cherry blossom viewing, and develop the place into a national zoo. In the 'Reconstruction Period of Changgyeonggung(1983~1986)', restoring function as an urban park, reserving green areas, the outside space was recreated in the traditional feel, and the forest area was generally maintained. In the 'Supplementation Period of Traditional Landscape Architecture Space(1987~2009)', a uniform green landscape was created with pine trees and various vegetation landscapes centered on the flower beds. In the 'Improvement and Maintenance Period of Viewing Environment(2010~2022), a master plan was reestablished on the premise of utilization, but maintenance has been carried out in a small scale centering on unit space. Third, regarding the validity of the landscape restoration and maintenance, It was found in terms of 'originality' that the recovery of the palace system has not been expanded for over 40 years in existing areas. The 'characteristics of the times', which shows whether multi-layered history was taken into account, Changgyeongwon was excluded from the discussion in the process of setting the base year twice. In terms of 'integrity,' the area of the Grand Greenhouse where the historic states coexists needs a maintenance policy that binds the greenhouse, carpet flower bed, and Chundangji Pond. The 'utility' identified as the utilization of spaces suggests the establishment of a sense of place in the Grand Greenhouse area, which is concentrated with programs different from other areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.105-120
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• 2011

A moat is a pond or waterway paved on the outside of a fortress that is one of the facilities to prevent enemy from approaching the fortress wall or classify it as the boundary space, moats had existed in Europe, Asia and the America from ancient times to medieval times. however it is has been disappeared in modem society. In addition, a moat is a great value in historical and cultural sense such as offering a variety of cultural activities and habitats for animals, but unfortunately there is little consideration of its restoration plan. This research is aimed to investigate historical and cultural meaning and significance of moats which had been existing from ancient times to medieval times in the Eastern and Western. For this purpose, this research analyzed concepts and functions in consideration with times and ideological backgrounds of moats in Korea, China, and Japan. Results were as follows: 1. Moats in Korea existed not only in the castle towns of Goguryeo but also in ancient castle towns of Baekje and Silla. Natural moats and artificial moats existed around castles that were built to prevent and disconnect accessibility of enemies In Goryeo Dynasty and Chosun Dynasty, moats were also used as a defensive function. 2. A moat was generally installed by digging in the ground deep and wide at regular intervals from the ramparts, A moat was installed not only around a castle but also in its interiors. Moats outside castles played an important role in stomping the ground hard besides enhancing its defensive power. In addition, water bodies around a facility often discouraged people's access and walls or fences segregated space physically, but a moat with its open space had an alert and defensive means while pertaining its visual characteristics. 3. The moat found at Nagan Eupseong rumor has it that a village officials' strength was extremely tough due to strong energy of the blue dragon[Dongcheon] in Pungsujiri aspects, so such worries could be eliminated by letting the stream of the blue dragon flow in the form of 'S'. 4. The rampart of the Forbidden City of China is 7.9 meters high, and 3,428 meters long in circumference. It was built with 15 layers of bricks which were tamped down after being mixed with glutinous rice and earth, so it is really solid. The moat of the Forbidden City is 52 meters in width and 6 meters in depth, which surrounds the rampart of the Forbidden City, possibly blocking off enemies' approach. 5. Japan moats functioned as waterways due to their location in cities, further, with the arrangement of leisure facilities nearby, such as boating, fishing from boats, and restaurants, it helped relieve city dwellers' stress and functions as a lively city space. 6. Korean moats are smaller in scale than those of the Forbidden City of China, and Edo, and Osaka castles in Japan, Moats were mostly installed to protect royal palaces or castles in the Eastern Asia whereas moats were installed to protect kings, lords, or properties of wealthy people in the west.