• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.14B no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2007

There are many researches about the intelligent stock trading systems with the help of the advance of the artificial intelligence such as machine learning techniques, Though the establishment of the reasonable trading policy plays an important role in the performance of the trading systems most researches focused on the improvement of the predictability. Also some previous works, which treated the trading policy, treated the simplified versions dependent on the predictors in less systematic ways. In this paper, we propose the integrated multiple simulation' as a method of optimizing trading performance of stock trading systems. The propose method is adopted in the NXShell a development environment for neural network based stock trading systems. Under the proposed integrated multiple simulation', we simulate the multiple tradings for all combinations of the neural network's outputs and the trading policy parameters, evaluate the learning performance according to the various metrics and establish the optimal policy for a given prediction module based on the resulting performance. In the experiment, we present the trading policy comparison results using the stock value data from the KOSPI and KOSDAQ.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-79
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• 2009

The main purpose of this study is to find what steps are needed for a system for CO2 emissions trading to be formulated as government policy, using System Thinking approach. First, this paper analyzed Korean newspapers to consider the social issue regarding CO2 emissions trading. There were more articles related to international issues than domestic ones before 2008. This trend, however, became reversed from January 2008, which means that consideration of CO2 emissions trading has been discussed as a domestic social issue from 2008. Second, it analyzed speeches by former president Roh Moo-Hyun and current president Lee Myung-bak. In particularly, President Lee Myung-bak declared "Low Carbon and Green Growth" as a new growth engine and a Korea's vision of the future national development. Third, it examined which government agencies, including departments and committees, are pursuing policies regarding climate change, global warming, and CO2 emissions trading. Most policy has originated in the Ministry of Environment, although policy alternatives have been proposed in other agencies including the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The study concludes that the political consideration has played a major role in the policy agenda-setting process of the CO2 emissions trading in Korea.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.78
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• pp.53-72
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• 2018

Recently, it has been known that it need to be solved export marketing on expanding export of Small Business Commodity. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse on expanding export of Small Business Commodity through e-Trading Application in Industrie 4.0. This study deals with the terms of three connection success factors on expanding export of Small Business Commodity through e-Trading Application in Industrie 4.0 which are a firm's subjective factors, a industrial environment factors, and a governmental policy factors. According to analysis results of the three success factors, a firm's subjective factors(4.13 score) are scored at the most ones of the three success factors, to be compared with a industrial environment factors(3.89 score), with a government policy factors(3.72 score). Therefore, first of all, it is important to expanding export of Small Business Commodity through e-Trading Application in Industrie 4.0 through as follows, a firm's subjective factors : (1) to procure concentrated market strategy and real market capacity, (2) to procure speedy satisfaction of customer needs and confidence, (3) to procure ability of export marketing through e-Trading Application, (4) to enhance export expanding strategy coincided in Industrie 4.0. And, the next, we have to expanding export of Small Business Commodity through e-Trading Application in Industrie 4.0 through considering a industrial environment factors and a government policy factors.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.245-274
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• 2003

This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of domestic policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by focusing on carbon tax, domestic emissions trading and the mixture of these policies. By utilizing a dynamic CGE model, KORTEM, this study shows that the economic cost under carbon tax is projected to be higher than that under emission trading. It is because under carbon tax scheme each emitter in economy must meet its emission target regardless of the abatement cost. On the other hand, emission trading allows emitters to reduce the marginal cost of abatement through trading of emission permits. In designing policy portfolio to address the climate change problem in Korea, therefore, this paper proposes the introduction of domestic emission trading scheme as the main domestic policy Instrument.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

There are many pilot programs and projects to implement the water quality trading (WQT) policy. But actual trading is relatively rare. The main reason of the scarce applications of WQT policy is the difficulty in determining the equalities between the trading sites. The uncertainty of the impacts of the nonpoint sources pollutant discharges between up and downstream urban development areas also makes the implementation of the policy harder. The simulated results from the watershed modeling program will be used to calculate the point and nonpoint sources pollutants of the future urban development scenarios. The amount of suspended sediments resulting from the urban developments and rainfall intensities will be used to indicate the environmental impacts of the water body between upstream and downstream. The water quality impacts after development scenarios to the outlet of the watershed were transferred to the trading units between two sites. The recommended trading units can be used as a decision support system for policy makers and stakeholders to carry out better WQT practices.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

OBJECTIVES : Currently, the market for carbon emissions trading has been increasing. In Korea, it is known that traffic mode rate in bike transportation is low. However, if bike transportation system is encouraged and the traffic mode rate is increased, it would be possible to reduce carbon emissions through the trading market. In this study, a practical policy to activate the bike transportation system in Korea will be proposed and verified. METHODS : Past studies regarding bike transportation system in international and domestic metropolitan cities were analyzed. Moreover, detailed reviews on recent carbon emissions trading market were performed. In particular, SWOT analysis on the bike transportation system in Korea and policy topology analysis were conducted. RESULTS : Based on the literature reviews and SWOT analysis, a new bike transportation policy was proposed. Several actual plans to adopt in Korea were proposed. In addition, a new bike transportation policy was analyzed using policy typology model, and a business model related to the cost of implementing the system and CERs were also proposed. CONCLUSIONS : It is concluded that the proposed bike transportation activation policy and several practical plans to connect CERs and a business model including bus, subway, T-money and bike riders to give some incentive were effective and reasonable. It is desired that this study will help Korea to get CERs through bike transportation activation in the future.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.421-449
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• 2000

The objective of this paper is to examine whether it is feasible to introduce an crude oil futures contract on domestic commodity exchange in order to minimize the price risks of imported crude oil. In addition. this study suggests the policy issues to promote futures trading and the alternatives to use foreign energy compares the five criteria to evaluate the feasibility of crude oil futures trading on the domestic exchange. Related to the possibility of successful futures trading of imported crude oil on the domestic exchange, they are evaluated as follows: it is highly possible to succeed for the aspects of price volatility, potential market size or liquidity, and commodity homogeneity; but it is inappropriate for the aspects of deliverable amounts and market power or market structure. Therefore, it is concluded that trading a new futures contract for the underlying imported crude oil on the domestic exchange is inappropriate. For the policy issues and the hedging alternatives, first, it is urgent to establish an atmosphere for futures trading by promoting spot trading. Second, for the case of futures trading on the domestic exchange it is important to consider the simultaneous hedging of crude oil price and foreign exchange risks and mutual offsetting mechanism with major foreign exchanges. Third, for the case of futures trading on foreign exchanges it is reasonable to regard cooperation among concerned companies, government support for futures trading and direct participation into futures trading by the government.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.561-571
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• 2005

To introduce an emissions trading system for GHG that currently have no reduction requirements, the following should be considered as priorities: eliciting the participation of the industrial sector and linking GHG emission trading systems to the emissions trading system (implemented from July 2007) that has become part of national policy with the enactment of the Special Act. Two directions can serve as viable alternatives in that regard. One is a baseline-and-credit method based on incentive auctioning. This has the advantage of inducing participation through economic incentives without a reductions commitment. The downside of this method is that it requires vast investments, as well as the fact that reaching an agreement between participants and the government to decide an objective baseline is difficult. On the other hand, the cap-and-trade method set forth in the Special Act is attractive in that it can be integrated with the air pollutant emissions trading system, but it would be difficult to elicit the participation of the industrial sector in the absence of GHG emission reduction requirements. In the current situation, it would be preferable for the government to induce the participation of the industrial sector by devising a wide variety of incentives because taking part in the emissions trading system before reducing GHG emissions offers large incentives through learning by doing. The timing of GHG reduction commitments and emissions trading system implementation may be uncertain but their Implementation will be unavoidable. Thus the government needs to facilitate preparations for emissions trading of GHG in the future and continuously review its operation in integration with the air pollutant emissions trading system to maximize adaptation and teaming by doing effect in the industrial sector.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.205-225
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• 2012

I use panel data of sales by the foreign subsidiaries of the U.S. MNCs to examine whether trading blocs create more or less FDI and the impacts on FDI of the extended market size created by forming blocs. By employing a region-fixed effects model, I find that countries forming trading blocs attract more FDI, particularly from non-member countries, but that FDI does not always increase with the market size of the blocs. As the market size increases, FDI increases only for large blocs. However, these findings are sensitive to model specifications. A policy implication is that a country considering forming or joining a trading bloc with a view to attract FDI may want to form a trading bloc with a country or countries with a large market size.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.305-323
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• 2008

Climate change is one of the broadest and the most complex issues of international environmental cooperation. Concern about climate change has been steadily increasing and has become a worldwide issue. According to IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change)'s recently report, global warming has accelerated vest serious problems. GHG(Green House Gas) emissions trading schemes, including the Kyoto mechanism that spread to solving the problems. Based on the evaluation on GHG emissions trading schemes, we also find some policy implications on the future development of emissions trading the conventional air pollutants in Korea which start to 2007. The regulatory authority needs to make clear how to allocate allowances to new entrants and also to keep the balance between the opportunity costs of reduction between potential shutdown facilities and new entrants. Under the current rule that does not allow shutdown credits, an equivalent level of allowances needs to be allocated to new entrants free of charge. We believe our policy recommendations may be useful not only for Korea but also for a the other countries, since they are facing a similar policy environment as Korea, particularly in the case of climate change.