• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1980

On the Chicago Meracntile Exchange, individuals and firms buy and sell contracts for specified amounts of products that are to be delivered at a time period in the future at a price arrived at through openly competitive bidding. The transfer of ownership of these delivery promises takes place in a particular trading pit, for each commodity, on the floor of the Exchange. Trades are officially made by qualified members of the Exchange who act as brokers for their customers. For his services, the broker is paid a nominal round- turn commission fee by the customer. Although each commodity contract carefully describes the particular standards that product must meet in order to be a acceptable for delivery, actually fewer than three percent of the contracts traded are consummated by delivery. For the most part, contract obligations ions art offset, and thereby liquids. before the termination of the delivery month. The trader liquidates his position in the market after analyzing price trends, his timing, and his calculated price objectives. (omitted)

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.137-140
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• 2002

From the MeOH extract of the aerial part of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) (Family: Orchidaceae), eight compounds have been isolated on repeated column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated as dotriacontanoic acid (1), beta-sitosterol (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), docosanoic acid oxiranylmethyl ester (4), hentriacotanoic acid (5), octadecanoic acid (6), benzoic acid (7) and gastrodin (8) on the basis of their spectral evidences including EI-Mass and 2D-NMR spectrum. All of them were obtained from the aerial part of Gastrodia elata Blume for the first time, in which compound 4 is a novelty to our best knowledge. It is also known that a phenolic glucoside, gastrodin is a major constituent just like Gastrodia rhizome.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.1017-1019
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• 2014

자본주의의 꽃이라 할 수 있는 주식시장은 기업의 정량화된 가치를 매매하는 곳이다. 또한 파생거래는 주식시장의 위험회피 목적으로 만들어졌다. 파생시장이 투기적인 목적으로 악용되기도 하지만 기관투자가에게는 헤지거래의 중요한 수단임은 명백한 사실이다. 파생거래에서 옵션 거래는 투기적인 성향의 개인 거래자와 시장을 선도하는 기관 거래자 간의 치열한 대결로 볼 수 있다. 옵션은 상품별로 시시각각 변하는 이론가와 실거래가가 존재한다. 이론가를 기준으로 한 이격도 매매는 레버리지가 큰 옵션 거래에서 효과적인 위험회피 방법이다. 하지만 이론가는 현실적인 시장가와 괴리가 있을 수밖에 없다. 보다 현실적인 평균값을 구하기 위해서는 실제 옵션가의 통계만이 확실한 방법이다. 이를 위해서 옵션 만기일에 상품별로 차트정보를 수집하여 데이터베이스화하면 효과적이다. 이는 매우 반복적인 작업으로 이를 효과적으로 수행할 수 있는 에 이전트를 개발하였다. 이를 이용하면 실거래가를 기본으로 하는 평균값을 추출할 수 있으며, 지수차이와 잔여일에 따른 옵션 평균값에 근거하여 이격도 매매에 활용할 수 있다.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.196-208
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• 2018

This paper described the contents of the WTO (world trade organization) SPS (world trade organization) Agreement and trends in the WTO SPS provisions such as equivalence, localization, transparency, and risk assessment. The purpose of the WTO SPS agreement is to promote international trade by preventing arbitrary and unreasonable use of SPS measures, which are the rights of a country for the protection of human health and animal and plant health, and by abolishing the non-tariff barriers. To this end, the requirements for implementing the SPS measures taken by the importing country are restricted to those that can scientifically prove to be inevitable for SPS protection. The major provisions in WTO SPS agreement were elaborated to promote international trades. When trade-restricted SPS measures such as prohibition of imports are made, a scientific basis should be provided. Therefore, it is essential to provide scientific evidence based on risk analysis to protect people's health from potentially harmful imported foods.

• American Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2021

Due to her successful novel Little Women (1869), Louisa May Alcott has generally become known as a writer of sentimental fiction. However, her thrillers demonstrate her keen insights into domestic and international issues. Alcott's so-called "left hand" shows her stances on political and historical issues in America as well as in Europe and Asia. Particularly, Alcott's supporting voice for women against social prejudices is metaphorically portrayed in "A Whisper in the Dark" (1861). Interestingly, in the story Alcott displays her knowledge of the drug trades and the cultural effects of white male colonizers exploiting other peoples and countries around the globe, which were issues that she had learned about from neighboring intellectuals and newspapers. In the paper, I examine Alcott's radical views on gender equality, chauvinistic attitudes, and transnational politics in the mid-nineteenth century.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1231-1236
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• 2009

Many work-related risk factors can cause construction site hazards. Therefore, safety management begins with measuring the magnitude of risk involved in a project. This study proposes a methodology for risk assessment of major trades at a particular construction site. To assess risk, this methodology integrates hazard severity and frequency, and their magnitude is calculated based on actual work-site hazards. This methodology also considers the influence factors that affect the frequency of work-related hazards. To select the appropriate influence factors, a two step approach is deployed. First, the predominant factors are identified through a literature review. Second, a selective process filters out the influence factors that are difficult to analyze quantitatively, and these extracted factors are weighted using expert surveys. Finally, the factors are combined and a quantitative risk assessment methodology is proposed.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.603-608
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• 2011

According to the labor related data from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, accident victims of construction industry are increasing 6% annually since 2006. The major reason why the rate of accidents increases in Korea is that lots of labor working with another trades works simultaneously in various type of works. This study analyzes the current accident status in view of the type of building, type of works, and project size for the latest 3 years (2007~2009). As a result, 'single family & semi-detached houses' has the largest number of accidents among buildings. In addition, 'finishing work' shows the highest number in terms of work type. For the size, accidents occurred much for 'less than 300 million'. The results of this study can be used to focus on managing the highly hazardous area where the construction accidents mostly occur; therefore, it is anticipated to contribute to improve efficiency of safety management.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.111-122
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• 2023

Invasive species are organisms that are introduced into places outside of their natural distribution range. The global pet trade is facilitating the introduction of invasive species into new countries and areas. Among the introduced alien species, turtles are one of the most common animal groups whether lives in wetland ecosystems, such as wetlands or reservoirs. Like other countries around the world, exotic turtles is becoming a growing concern for the wetland ecosystem in South Korea. In this study, we report new reports of subspecies of Painted turtle (Chrysemys spp.): Chrysemys picta marginata, C. p. bellii and C. dorsalis, from the reservoirs in downtown Cheongju and Gwangju, South Korea. We used morphological features, such as the characteristics of the legs, plastron, and carapace, to identify the turtles. It is assumed that all turtles were artificially released into nature. Considering the increasing number of reports on the introduction of alien invasive turtles in Korean wetlands, we recommend the formulation of an immediate and systematic management plan for pet trades and organized continuous monitoring programs.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.73-95
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• 2021

This study uses Node2vec graph embedding method and Light GBM link prediction to explore undeveloped export candidate countries in Korea's food and beverage industry. Node2vec is the method that improves the limit of the structural equivalence representation of the network, which is known to be relatively weak compared to the existing link prediction method based on the number of common neighbors of the network. Therefore, the method is known to show excellent performance in both community detection and structural equivalence of the network. The vector value obtained by embedding the network in this way operates under the condition of a constant length from an arbitrarily designated starting point node. Therefore, it has the advantage that it is easy to apply the sequence of nodes as an input value to the model for downstream tasks such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest. Based on these features of the Node2vec graph embedding method, this study applied the above method to the international trade information of the Korean food and beverage industry. Through this, we intend to contribute to creating the effect of extensive margin diversification in Korea in the global value chain relationship of the industry. The optimal predictive model derived from the results of this study recorded a precision of 0.95 and a recall of 0.79, and an F1 score of 0.86, showing excellent performance. This performance was shown to be superior to that of the binary classifier based on Logistic Regression set as the baseline model. In the baseline model, a precision of 0.95 and a recall of 0.73 were recorded, and an F1 score of 0.83 was recorded. In addition, the light GBM-based optimal prediction model derived from this study showed superior performance than the link prediction model of previous studies, which is set as a benchmarking model in this study. The predictive model of the previous study recorded only a recall rate of 0.75, but the proposed model of this study showed better performance which recall rate is 0.79. The difference in the performance of the prediction results between benchmarking model and this study model is due to the model learning strategy. In this study, groups were classified by the trade value scale, and prediction models were trained differently for these groups. Specific methods are (1) a method of randomly masking and learning a model for all trades without setting specific conditions for trade value, (2) arbitrarily masking a part of the trades with an average trade value or higher and using the model method, and (3) a method of arbitrarily masking some of the trades with the top 25% or higher trade value and learning the model. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the performance of the model trained by randomly masking some of the trades with the above-average trade value in this method was the best and appeared stably. It was found that most of the results of potential export candidates for Korea derived through the above model appeared appropriate through additional investigation. Combining the above, this study could suggest the practical utility of the link prediction method applying Node2vec and Light GBM. In addition, useful implications could be derived for weight update strategies that can perform better link prediction while training the model. On the other hand, this study also has policy utility because it is applied to trade transactions that have not been performed much in the research related to link prediction based on graph embedding. The results of this study support a rapid response to changes in the global value chain such as the recent US-China trade conflict or Japan's export regulations, and I think that it has sufficient usefulness as a tool for policy decision-making.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.71-91
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• 2005

The object or this paper is to analyze the rollover effect on KOSPI 200 index option prices. Especially we analyze the implied volatilities of the options that became the near maturity options as the old one expired. For this analysis, a panel data of KOSPI 200 Index Option Prices from year 1999 to year 2001 were used, and following results were obtained. First, after controlling for the underlying index returns, strike prices and other pricing factors, the call option prices tend to decrease while the put option prices tend to increase during the week of expiry. Second, if one concentrates on the daily price changes, call option prices tend to go up on Thursday (as the old options expire), and then experience a price decrease on the following day, while the reverse is true for the put options. These results imply that the option prices are affected by some of the market micro-structure effects such as whether the option is the near maturity option. We conjecture that the reason for this is related to the undervaluation of KOSPI 200 futures. The results from this paper have implications on the timing of option trades. If one wants to buy put options, and/or sell call options, he has better off by executing his intended trades before the old options expire. On the other hand, if one wants to buy call options, and/or sell put options, hi has better off by executing his intended trades after the expiry.