• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.171-188
• /
• 2020

Purpose - This is an exploratory study that aims to apply text mining techniques, which computationally extracts words from the large-scale text data, to legal documents to quantify trade claim contents and enables statistical analysis. Design/methodology - This is designed to verify the validity of the application of text mining techniques as a quantitative methodology for trade claim studies, that have relied mainly on a qualitative approach. The subjects are 81 cases of arbitration and court judgments from China published on the website of the UNCITRAL where the CISG was applied. Validation is performed by comparing the manually analyzed result with the automatically analyzed result. The manual analysis result is the cluster analysis wherein the researcher reads and codes the case. The automatic analysis result is an analysis applying text mining techniques to the result of the cluster analysis. Topic modeling and semantic network analysis are applied for the statistical approach. Findings - Results show that the results of cluster analysis and text mining results are consistent with each other and the internal validity is confirmed. And the degree centrality of words that play a key role in the topic is high as the between centrality of words that are useful for grasping the topic and the eigenvector centrality of the important words in the topic is high. This indicates that text mining techniques can be applied to research on content analysis of trade claims for statistical analysis. Originality/value - Firstly, the validity of the text mining technique in the study of trade claim cases is confirmed. Prior studies on trade claims have relied on traditional approach. Secondly, this study has an originality in that it is an attempt to quantitatively study the trade claim cases, whereas prior trade claim cases were mainly studied via qualitative methods. Lastly, this study shows that the use of the text mining can lower the barrier for acquiring information from a large amount of digitalized text.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.243-266
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 멕시코의 산업 클러스터 발전에 대하여 멕시코 타마울리파스 주(州)의 전기-전자 클러스터(electric-electronics cluster)의 사례를 살펴보았다. 타마울리스파스 주(州)의 전기-전자 클러스터는 멕시코의 무역 자유화 이후에 증가한 다국적 기업 중심의 클러스터라고 할 수 있다. 연구 결과로서 타마울리파스 주(州)의 전기-전자 클러스터는 초기 형성 단계이며 다국적 기업의 공장인 마킬라 공장의 실제적인 수요가 관련 교육 및 인력 양성 등 클러스터 형성과 발전의 주요한 동인이 되고 있다. 지역 멕시칸 납품업체를 포함하는 일부 지역 경제 주체에 대해서는 클러스터에서 그 연계가 아직 강하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 타마울리파스 주(州)의 전기-전자 클러스터의 발전 방안에 대한 연구 결과도 제시된다.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.41-57
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this research was to develop a typology of fair-trade apparel consumers and present a clear overview of the influence of product knowledge on consumer behaviors. A two-step cluster analysis was used to classify respondents into sub-groups based on their level of self-perceived knowledge and purchase experience. In addition, ANOVA was used to test the predictive validity of the cluster solution. Income was the only demographic variable that significantly differed across groups. The more familiar and more experienced group had higher income than the other groups. Psychographic data showed that attitudes and moral norms varied across groups. The more familiar and more experienced group had more positive attitudes and higher level of moral norms than the less familiar and less experienced group. In terms of behavioristic data, groups differed significantly in purchase intentions and willingness to pay more for fair-trade apparel. That is, the more familiar and more experienced group was willing to pay more and had higher purchase intentions than the less familiar and less experienced group. Overall, the level of product knowledge and purchase experience were considerably low. This study thus confirmed the need to increase consumers' familiarity related to fair-trade apparel products.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.29-48
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between consumer spatial behavior and consumer characteristics based on trade area selection criteria 469 female consumers who lived in the two new towns near Seoul, Bundang and Ilsan, participated in the study by completing questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, chi-square analysis, etc. The findings of the empirical research were as follows: 1. Five groups were identified by cluster analysis based on trade area selection criteria of clothing price-oriented group, time convenience-oriented group, shopping convenience-oriented group, variety/entertainment-oriented group, and passive shopping group. 2. Each group differed in spatial behavior such as clothing shopping area, the visiting frequency, and spatial movement type. 3. Each group showed differences in fashion involvement and demographic characteristics(age, marital status, education, occupation and social status).

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.14-32
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This study is designed to provide new insights on trade claim management by typifying trade claims from a relational perspective, which defines trade as an organic combination that exchanges relationships based on a mutual goal instead of conflicts between obligations and rights of the contracting parties. Design/methodology - This is a phenomenological study that aims to typify trade claims based on a relational perspective and extract implications for trade claim management. The research procedures of this study are as follows. First, international commercial dispute cases applying the CISG are collected. Second, the cases collected are quantified through content analysis. The variables for quantification are developed based on a relationship perspective. Third, cluster analysis is conducted on coded data to typify cases. And finally, this study compares the characteristics of each type using analysis of variance and suggests implications for the strategic management of trade claims from a relational perspective. Findings - Results show that trade claims are divided into four clusters, depending on whether flexibility is accepted or not and which party violates mutuality. There is also a difference between the claimant and the cause of the claim, according to the cluster. Based on the results, this study suggests that the buyer and the seller should employ different strategies depending on the type of trade claim and presents proposals for strategic claim management. Originality/value - Firstly, this study extends the theoretical discussion on trade claims by applying relational contract theory. Prior studies on trade claims have been primarily based on traditional contract theory. The second is to analyze trade claims quantitatively. Prior case studies on trade claims have mainly relied on qualitative research. Finally, the study contributes to international commercial practice by typifying trade claims and presenting options for strategic management.

• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.133-155
• /
• 2005

After the publication of the competitive advantage of nations by Porter in 1990, the competitiveness of regional concentrations of industries has been often explained by the cluster concept. There are many definitions of clusters, but they mainly boil down to a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field, linked by commonalities and complementarities. The shipbuilding industry in Korea can for sure be regarded as a competitive industry, as the spectacular rise of its world market share from 2% in the early 1970s to the current 38% impressively testifies, but can it be considered a cluster? Based on an analytical framework consisting of a typology of clusters and a context-sensitive evolutionary approach, the paper will show that over the last thirty years Korea's shipbuilding developed from a mere number of isolated, large shipyards (cathedrals in the desert) established by large conglomerates (chaebol) in close collaboration with the central government into an innovative cluster. The cluster is on the one hand characterised by a strongly developed supply industry and specialised universities and research institutes, but on the other hand by a weak, yet increasing role for local and regional institutions The specific and context-dependent characteristics of this innovative cluster are more important explanations for its competitiveness than the financial interventions by the central government, which are repeatedly put forward by European policy-makers in their trade war with Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This paper investigates the structure of exports across countries in terms of value added. Exports value added is examined under two categories, domestic and overseas. Using a statistical classification method by distance based on these two value added categories, this paper estimates the similarity of exports value added across countries including Korea. Design/methodology - The model of study is to employ a generalized distance function and then derive the Manhattan and Euclidean distances. The paper also performs cluster analysis using the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) and hierarchical methods to classify the 44 sample countries considered in this study. Findings - Our main findings are as follows. The 44 countries can be classified under 5 groups by their domestic and overseas value added in exports. Korea has a sandwich global value chains (GVCs) position between Japan, China, and Taiwan in the East Asian region. Originality/value - Existing papers point out the double counting problem of trade statistics as the intermediate goods trade across borders increases. This paper addresses the double counting problem by using the World Input-Output Table. The paper shows the need to explore the similarity of value added in exports structure across countries and investigate the GVCs position and role of each country.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.580-588
• /
• 2016

Energy efficiency is the main objective in the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN). In many applications, sensing data must be transmitted from sources to a sink in a timely manner. This paper describes an investigation of the trade-off between two objectives in WSN design: minimizing energy consumption and minimizing end-to-end delay. We first propose a new distributed clustering approach to determining the best clusterhead for each cluster by considering both energy consumption and end-to-end delay requirements. Next, we propose a new energy-cost function and a new end-to-end delay function for use in an inter-cluster routing algorithm. We present a multi-hop routing algorithm for use in disseminating sensing data from clusterheads to a sink at the minimum energy cost subject to an end-to-end delay constraint. The results of a simulation are consistent with our theoretical analysis results and show that our proposed performs much better than similar protocols in terms of energy consumption and end-to-end delay.

• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2000

In port management, the scale of facilities and port layouts are major factors characterizing the port, which influence port economics and productivities continuously through the port operation. Grouping ports in certain region by their characteristics could be used as the principal informations to establish national policy for port development or investment and also to analyze the competitiveness between ports. Currently Korean ports are divided into two groups such as the local port and the designated port containing foreign trade port and coastal port under the Korean port law. These divisions seem to be used for port administration as the matter of convenience but some qualitative grouping is needed for research of port problems. In this paper, 20 major Korean ports were clustered by the similar characteristics using Fuzzy C-Means and found to be classified 8 qualitative groups.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.465-479
• /
• 2002

이 논문은 기업지원서비스의 유형화론 제시하고 이러한 유형화를 토대로 우리나라 기업지원서비스의 현황을 파악하고자 한다. 또한 지역차이와 산업특성에 따른 기업지원서비스의 수요와 공급패턴을 분석한다. 서울소프트웨어산업 집적지(강남ㆍ서초구 일대), 대전의 ICT산업 집적지, 그리고 구미의 전자산업 집적지에 대한 설문지와 기업사례 조사를 바탕으로, 기업지원서비스의 수요와 공급이 산업특성. 지역의 성격, 그리고 기업의 성장단계에 따라 차별화된다는 것을 밝혀 내었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 몇 가지 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.