• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.634-657
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• 2016

본 연구는 기업의 지식재산 전유방법 중 특허와 영업비밀의 상호관계를 '기업혁신조사' 자료를 활용하여 실증분석하였다. 다수의 선행 이론연구에서는 특허와 영업비밀 활용을 상호대체적인 관계로 가정하여 논의되어 왔다. 그러나 특허와 영업비밀의 활용은 다양한 기업 및 혁신특성에 따라 상호보완적 및 상호대체적으로 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기업 산업 혁신 특성 통제 후 기업의 특허와 영업비밀 선택에 대한 상호관계를 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014년 횡단면 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 2010년 이전에는 특허와 영업비밀이 상호보완적으로 활용되는 것으로 나타난 반면, 2014년 자료에서는 특허와 영업비밀이 상호독립적으로 활용되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 분석결과가 2012년 이후 조사방식의 변화로 인해 나타났을 가능성을 배제할 수가 없어 추가적인 분석을 하였고, 설문조사 차이점의 영향을 완전히 배제할 수는 없지만, 최근 나타난 특허와 영업비밀 활용 선택의 상호독립적인 결과는 2010년 이후 늘어난 특허출원 건수 및 기업들이 다른 전유방법들 보다 특허활용에 보다 중점을 둔 것이 원인일 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.128-138
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• 2011

Objectives: It has been pointed out that there are problems in handling and managing chemicals due to trade secrets of Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS). To date, some company intentionally leave out of several parts and use an inaccurate expression in MSDS. In particular, with the result of the inspection of the government and labour community, it is required that the 2nd section in MSDS included the composition and information on ingredients has to be provided with comprehensive expression to secure more reliability. Methods: Therefore, this study is aimed: 1) to recognize the current status of trade secrets of MSDS in workplaces with both domestic manufacturers of chemical products and multinational corporations; 2) to make contributions to prevention of the industrial accidents by providing the accurate information of MSDS; 3) to improve the risk communication system related with chemicals; 4) to impress workers on the importance of right of known for MSDS. With the result we analyzed the status of trade secrets in MSDS in 73 companies, such as petrochemistry production, paint production, metal processing oil production, detergent production, and international company related with chemicals, we have found that 38,150 (45.5%) have the trade secrets parts in the total number of 83,832 in MSDS. Also, based on the 288 MSDS gathered by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) from 2005 to 2009, 41.7% of the MSDS are classified into the trade secrets. Conclusions: Therefore, to procure an assurance system of MSDS, we suggest that a MSDS picking up and checking system be legislated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act to protect workers from the unidentified chemical hazards due to the secret trade of MSDS.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2016

Objectives: This study is designed to survey the current status of trade secrets in GHS MSDS circulated in workplaces and indicate problems in the chemical information system. According to the survey results, we suggest management plans including political improvement of the trade secret system for MSDS and technical support to workplaces following enhanced chemical communication. Methods: To review this subject, we selected 153 manufacturers and six importers working in such fields as organic chemical production. We then investigated the retention status of GHS MSDS, application of trade secrets, and the content of trade secret components in MSDSs for mixtures. Results and Conclusions: Within the results, the content of trade secret ingredients was 67.4% (single: 9.0%, mixture: 75.6%). This is an increase compared with the previous results of 45.5% in 2011. Among 59,393 GHS MSDSs, 74.5% had ingredients less than 10% trade secret components, 19.1% had 10-30%, 1.8% had 30-50%, and 4.6% had more than 50%. To settle this issue, we recommend registration or evaluation of trade secrets as implemented in advanced countries. Also, business should be required to undergo regular evaluations of application status for trade secrets in workplace GHS MSDS.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

Objectives: Hazard identification is the most important step in occupational health monitoring at the workplace. This paper reviewed the several related stuffs to the hazard identification in the semiconductor industry. Methods: I checked the MSDS system, chemical toxic informations, trade secrets and by-products by experience and the literature used in semiconductor industry. Results: I found and experienced as follows; (1) There are a few inventory and history of chemicals used in workplace. Toxic information of chemicals to be available is very limited. (2) There are many trade secrets in MSDS for chemical mixtures. It is difficult to identify the accurate information from MSDS. (3) By-products is necessary to identify that they will produce in workplace. Conclusions: It is necessary to regulate the obligations of employers which check the inventory and history of chemicals used in workplace. It is necessary to amend the trade secrets in MSDS system.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.143-175
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• 2016

본 연구는 기업 혁신 산업 특성이 기업의 전유전략에 미치는 영향을 특허와 영업비밀의 상대적 선호를 중심을 '한국기업혁신조사' 2005, 2010, 2014년 자료를 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과 벤처기업, 고기술산업에 속한 기업, 정부의 연구개발 자금지원을 받은 기업, 제품혁신 수행기업과 연구개발 지출이 높은 기업에서 특허를 영업비밀보다 상대적으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기업규모와 연구개발 협력여부는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이는 산업별 특성을 고려한 전유제도 정책이 보다 효과적일 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 높은 시장집중도를 가진 산업에 속한 기업들은 영업비밀을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 특성은 소기업과 벤처기업에서 명확히 나타났다. 이는 선도기업의 전략적 특허출원의 증가가 소기업과 벤처기업의 특허활동을 제약할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 과도한 전략적 특허의 증가는 궁극적으로 소규모 기업들의 기술활동을 저해할 가능성이 있기 때문에 불필요한 전략적 특허의 남용을 방지할 수 있는 정책적 노력이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

Objective: This study analyzed the status of the application of trade secrets in MSDSs according to size and type of industry. The contents of the MSDS non-public approval policy are summarized. We suggest proactive improvement requirements related to the operation of the MSDS non-public approval policy. Methods: To review this subject, we selected 153 manufacturers and six importers in such fields as organic chemical production. The trade secrets application status and ratio (%) of MSDSs by industry size and industry classification were investigated. Improvements toward a proactive system related to the operation of the MSDS non-public approval policy under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSHA) were summarized. Results and Conclusions: According to the results, the trade secret ratio in MSDSs by industry size was 33% in workplaces with less than 50 employees, 23.1% in workplaces with more than 50 but less than 100 workers, 73% in workplaces with more than 100 workers, and 83.4% in workplaces with 300 or more workers. For the trade secret writing rate for MSDSs by industry, the highest was MOCCP (Manufacture of ink, paint, coating and similar products) at 80.9%. MOC (Manufacture of other chemicals) was the lowest at 16.2%. We propose four proactive efforts to minimize the administrative burden of implementation of the MSDS non-public approval policy. The results of this study can be used as basic data for policy improvements to make more effective use of MSDS.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

최근 기업이 보유한 산업기밀은 영업비밀보호법, 산업기술유출방지법 등 다양한 산업보안 관련 법률에 의해 보호 받고 있다. 그러나 그러한 보호에도 불구하고 산업기밀의 침해 및 유출사고는 해마다 증가하고 있다. 한국산업기술보호협회의 조사에 따르면 산업기밀 유출 예상 피해액은 연평균 "50조 원"으로 추정되며 이는 중소기업 4,700여 개의 연 매출액과 맞먹는 금액이다. 이처럼 산업기밀 유출은 국가와 기업의 경쟁력은 물론이고 경제적으로도 심각한 피해를 초래한다. 하지만 산업기밀 유출범죄에 대한 투자와 노력은 피해규모에 비해 한 없이 부족한 수준이며 일부 대기업을 제외한 대부분의 기업들이 산업기밀 유출보안을 위한 별도의 조직, 인력, 예산이 없어 산업기밀 유출에 대한 대응체계가 부족한 것이 현실이다. 본 논문은 국내외 산업기밀 유출범죄 분석을 통하여 산업기밀 유출에 따른 피해실태를 파악하고 발생원인, 유출경로 등 다양한 분류체계를 통하여 산업기밀 유출범죄에 대한 전반적인 흐름을 파악하여 관련 연구에 대한 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제76권
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

The industrial technology (including trade secrets), which is commonly understood as systematic and applied technical knowledge, can be transferred to third parties by contracting for the transfer of technology or by granting of a licence. The activity of industrial espionage, due to the gradual increase of the economic interests of intellectual property, is displaying intensively in order to gain advanced technology information. With our outstanding high technology, but compared to the level of the advanced countries, the technical protection systems, the legal protection measures and the systematic management thereof may still be insufficient. Our industrial technology outflow abroad, due to the vulnerability to the security control system in our country, has been increasing since the 2000. Computer software and SNS, such as smart devices, appear as a rapid change in the technical information environment. In order to minimize the dead zone of a new industrial security, the country's organic activity is being conducted. In 2006, Industrial Technology Outflow Prevention and Protection Law was enacted, which emphasized the responsibilities of the country. In this paper for the economic entity's efforts to prevent technology leakage oversea, I have looked to how the industrial technology can be protected in terms of national security and economic benefits of our enterprises. To solve the above-mentioned problems hereof, Korean government should willingly establish a reliable legal system for supporting to enterprise's operations, and Korean companies should autonomously introduce a synthetic technology protection system and incorporate the confidentiality clauses in an international transfer of technology agreement with third parties.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제61호
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• pp.333-352
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• 2019

2019년 1월과 8월 영업비밀보호법과 산업기술보호법의 각각의 개정이 있었다. 이들 법률의 개정은 기술 보호에 크게 기여할 것으로 보인다. 그러나 민·형사적 구제와 관련하여 몇 가지 더 보완되어야 할 사항이 있다. 민사구제 분야와 관련하여 영업비밀보호법과 산업기술보호법의 경우 3배 손해배상 도입에도 불구하고, 입증자료제출과 관련된 규정은 정비가 되지 못한 상태이다. 따라서 입증자료의 제출 범위 확대, 손해액 산정을 위한 서류인 경우의 제출 강제, 서류제출 명령을 따르지 않는 경우 상대방의 주장을 진실한 것으로 인정하는 등 개정 특허법의 수준으로 정비될 필요가 있다. 한편 산업기술보호법은 손해배상규정이 도입되었지만, 손해액 추정규정이 없는 상태이므로, 일실이익·이익액·로열티 상당액에 대한 추정규정이 필요하다. 형사구제와 관련하여서는 영업비밀보호법과 산업기술보호법 모두 형벌의 상향화는 이루어졌지만 양형규정이 정비되지 못하고 있으므로 이의 정비가 필요하다. 또한 최근의 기술유출은 개인의 일탈을 넘어 조직적인 유출로 확대되고 있음에도 불구하고 이에 가담한 기업 등 관련 법인의 처벌에 대한 중과(重課)와 관련하여 개정이 필요하다. 일본과 미국의 경우 법인 중과 규정을 두고 있다는 점을 참고하여야 할 것이다. 또한 몰수제도와 관련하여서는 범죄수익은닉규제법에서는 방위산업기술은 국내유출도 몰수의 대상으로 하고 있는 반면에, 영업비밀과 산업기술은 '국외'유출만 몰수의 대상으로 하고 있으므로 이의 개정도 필요하다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.53-85
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• 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises ("SMEs") are vulnerable to trade secret misappropriation. Korea's legislation for the protection of SMEs' trade secrets and provision of civil, criminal, and administrative remedies includes the SME Technology Protection Act, the Unfair Competition Prevention Act, the Industrial Technology Protection Act, the Mutually Beneficial Cooperation Act, and the Subcontracting Act. Among these acts, the revised SME Technology Protection Act of 2018 introduced the "administrative technology misappropriation investigation system" to facilitate a rapid resolution of SMEs' technology misappropriation disputes. On September 27, 2021, Korea's Ministry of SMEs announced that it had reached an agreement to resolve the dispute between Hyundai Heavy Industries and Samyeong Machinery through the administrative technology misappropriation investigation system. However, not until 3 years and a few months passed since the introduction of the system could it be used to resolve an SME's technology misappropriation dispute with a large corporation. So there arose a question on the usefulness of the system. Therefore, we conducted a comparative legal analysis of Korea's laws enacted to protect trade secrets of SMEs and to address technology misappropriation, focusing on their legislative purpose, protected subject matter, types of misappropriation, and legal remedies. Then we analyzed the administrative technology misappropriation investigation system and the cases where this system was applied. We developed a proposal to enhance the usefulness of the system. The expert interviews of 4 attorneys who are experienced in the management of the system to check the practical value of the proposal. Our analysis shows that the lack of compulsory investigation and criminal sanctions is the fundamental limitation of the system. We propose revising the SME Technology Protection Act to provide correction orders, criminal sanctions, and compulsory investigation. We also propose training professional workforces to conduct digital forensics, enabling terminated SMEs to utilize the system, and assuring independence and fairness of the mediation and arbitration of the technology misappropriation disputes.