• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.317-319
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• 2014

The aloe vera aphid, Aloephagus myersi Essig, was collected on imported Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) grown in greenhouses in Korea. This species is native to tropical Africa and probably was introduced into greenhouses via the aloe plant trade. This introduction reinforces the need to focus attention on the eradication from collected localities, and for constant surveillance and detection at ports of entry to prevent introduction and establishment of new pests in the Korean environment. In this paper, additional information for the aloe vera aphid is provided with diagnoses and photographs along with host plant and distribution data for accurate species identification.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.251-258
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• 2017

Shortage of trained seafarers is an issue, which many ship-owners are facing and, according to recent studies, the shortfall of both officers and rating will worsen in the next few years. The key role of seafarers is of fundamental importance in international trade, as they are the ones responsible for safely manning and operating ships. In developing countries, they also perform a strategic aspect in terms of contribution to GDP, mainly by earning foreign currency and increasing national consumption of goods and services. Myanmar is still considered a developing country with an economy, which has only recently started growing steady. It is also one of the major seafarers supplying nations and the contribution, which seafarers have on the national GDP may be particularly significant in comparison to other countries. This study aims at investigating seafarers' impact towards the Myanmar national economy. The paper describes the status of Myanmar seafarers, and the seafarers' current and forecasted impact towards the Myanmar economy through a regression model. The study concludes with recommendations to make Myanmar seafarers more competitive internationally and increase their economic contribution nationally.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Globalization is an economic process responsible for the increase of interdependence of world economies. It enhances the mobility of national resources internationally via the integration of markets, trade and investments with minimal barriers to slow the flow of products and services. Although globalization has some positive impacts on the economy, it is said to be a factor in the decline of income inequality of the participating countries. However, the results of previous studies on the relationship between globalization and income inequality are inconclusive. This suggests that there are other factors influencing the relationship between the two variables. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of intelligence (IQ) in the globalization-income inequality relationship. This study employs the threshold regression technique and cross-nation observations from 117 sample nations for the period 1980-2016. The results show that the impact of globalization on income inequality in a nation relies on its IQ level. The results imply that economic globalization has a negative impact on income inequality in nations with lower IQ levels. It widens the gap between the poor and rich. While in nations with higher IQ levels, it seems to not have any significant impact on income distribution.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.269-275
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• 2018

Electronic commerce, the act of trading online, with its myriad of potential has been seldom looked at within the context of developing countries. E-commerce presents SMEs in developing economies the opportunity to adequately compete on a global stage. The exponential growth of e-commerce in developed economies further widens the financial gap between developed and developing economies. This study looks at a practical e-commerce adoption framework for Ghanaian SMEs and by extension, developing economies and looks at the net benefits that are available to current adopters. The study uses structural equation modeling, using Partial least squares (PLS) regression to analyze the data in the research. Using PLS algorithms as well as bootstrapping calculations. It combines the use of surveys (154) and interviews (38) as means of data collection. The findings of the research indicate that there is a need for legislation on e-commerce trading to regulate the trade in Ghana, with policies such as e-contracting and e-signature laws among others. Also, a current call for an expansion of the mobile payment methods within the country. For the private investor, a ripe market for logistics services. The study also proposes a simple guideline for SMEs looking to adopt or expand their e-commerce usage, that considers technological, organizational and environmental factors that come to play within e-commerce adoption.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.5-12
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• 2014

Purpose - This study identified internationalization factors forKorean SMEs and explored factor differences between AEO and non-AEO authorized companies. Research design, data, and methodology - The study was designed to assess internationalization factors for AEO authorization in Korea through a questionnaire survey and an empirical analysis. The questionnaires were conducted for AEO and Non-AEO authorized companies that were undergoing AEO authorization. The study was conducted through e-mail and AEO manager education classes. Ninety-five questionnaires were collected. We employed the exploratory factor analysis methodology to derive internationalization factors for KoreanSMEs, and explored the factor differences between AEO and Non-AEO authorized companies. Results - AEO authorized companies outperformed Non-AEO authorized companies in R&D and technology. This indicated that AEO authorized companies were recognized as reliable and safe companies by the Korea Customs Service and other Customs services in trade facilitation and customs clearance processes. Conclusions - This study has some implications for AEO authorization and internationalization processes, and involved the empirical analysis of SMEs and the exploratory factor analysis in the internationalization process.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-312
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• 2009

Under the circumstance of increasing international trade volumes and limitation of customs human resources, it is necessary to shift the customs' revenue collection activities and audit method from a transaction-based approach to an account-based approach. Thus, in 1997, U.S. Customs services established the Account Management Program. The Account Management Program is designed to increase importer compliance and improve customer service through one-on-one interaction with business entities and a designated Customs representative(Account Manager). The Account Management Program is a comprehensive process that includes the following stages and activities ; selection of a potential Account, establishment of the Account, management of the Account. In 2009, Korea Customs service introduced and executed the Account Management Program. But owing to its early stages, Korea Customs service does not suggest effective direction of development of the AM program. So I can propose the following improvements of the Account Management Program in Korea. Firstly, the Account Managers have to be assigned more traders than AEOs(Authorized Economic Operators). Secondly, it is necessary that Customs service appoints part-time port Account Managers to help more traders to improve customs compliance. Thirdly, thought should be given as to Account can be expanded to encompass both small and medium enterprises(SME) by providing customs brokers managing their customs business on the behalf of the SME with the Account Managers. Lastly, Customs service has to establish performance measures and action plan for the Account Management Program.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2005

Our country compares with advanced nations by supply of super high speed network and information communication infra construction has gone well very. Many people by extension of on-line transaction and various internet services can exchange, or get information easily in this environment. But, virus or poisonous information used to Cyber terror such as hacking was included within such a lot of information and such poisonous information are threatening national security as well as individual's private life. There were always security and speed among a lot of items to consider networks equipment from these circumstance to now when develop and install in trade-off relation. In this paper, we present a high speed VPN Acceleration Board(VPN-AB) that balances both speed and security requirements of high speed network environment. Our VPN-AB supports two VPN protocols, IPsec and SSL. The protocols have a many cryptographic algorithms, DES, 3DES, AES, MD5, and SHA-1, etc.. The acceleration board process data packets into the system with In-line mode. So it is possible that VPN-AB processes inbound and outbound packets by 10Gbps. We use Nitrox-II CN2560 security processor VPN-AB is designed using that supports many hardware security modules and two SPI-4.2 interfaces to design VPN-AB.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to propose and validate a research model that describes the relationships between customer socialization, customer participation, and customer loyalty in the online service industry. Although customer loyalty is frequently discussed topic in marketing and strategy research, this study takes a novel approach in adopting customer socialization and participation as the antecedents to customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on adopting and modifying measurement items of the constructs from previous studies, this study develops survey regarding the constructs within the proposed research model. Among current registered members of Facebook and DaumKakao, 522 college students and other regular users are selected as the samples for conducting the survey. The collected data is analyzed by structural equation modeling method using SPSS and AMOS. Results Proposed hypotheses of the positive relationships - between customer socialization and customer participation, and between customer participation and customer loyalty are all supported. Conclusions - The results of this study suggest customer participation as an important precursor to customer loyalty in the online service industry. Also, customer socialization is validated as a new strategy to increase customer participation. These results validate the practical importance of communicating mission, purpose, value, and other customer socialization activities that firms undertake.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2018

A primary goal of transnationals is to offer their vision for selling products or services so that they are relevant to local cultures. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution for how transnational companies face various environments and how they can utilize and overcome them and survive strategically. This study will present strategic recommendations for transnational organizations. First, transnational organizations should identify the core areas where organizational can invest or allocate its precious resources to get full advantage of the attractive opportunities form the market and focus on building strong networks with the key stakeholders. Second, they should manage the knowledge flows and provide strategic direction in cooperative venture for the long term successful future and ensure that every department has an effective coordination with other departments in order to bring about the organizational change. Lastly, they should overcome the challenges managers face in a transnational business environment when companies expand their operations into international markets. The managers need to assess the organization's strengths and weaknesses and evaluate different forces which are present in the external environment. And then, Managers have to ensure that the company has sufficient resources, core competencies and capabilities.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2014

As the standards organization under ISO responsible for the development of all international financial services standards, ISO/TC 68 plays a key role in the development and adoption of new technologies in the banking, brokerage and insurance industries. In this paper many of its current work projects are introduced for developing ecommerce standards. We need to discuss the recommendations on XML conversion with ISO and other international standard organizations. Each country try to adopt the international standards even though domestic technical standards and barriers. To solve this problem of interworking between these standards, harmonization activities are nedded. For development and distribution of electronic documents to be conformed to international standards, it is enough to have the role of international activities continue to supply part of the domestic industry and the trends in participation and international standard.Our principal focus is on facilitating national and international trade, through the simplification and harmonization of processes, procedures and information flows, and so contributing to the growth of global commerce.