• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is output oriented, in order to maximize the output level of sustainable development efficiency of foreign trade in western China with limited input. This paper adopts the relevant input-output indicators of sustainable foreign trade development of 11 provinces and cities in western China from 2016 to 2020, and uses DEA model to measure their technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Malmquist index was used to calculate the total factor productivity change index of each province in western China from 2016 to 2020. We found that, on the whole, the average values of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of provinces and cities in western China from 2016 to 2020 are greater than 0.8, indicating that the western region has high technical efficiency, relatively high management and institutional level and high existing scale level. Scale efficiency is lower than pure technical efficiency on the whole, indicating that the current sustainable development efficiency of foreign trade in western China is mainly limited by its scale level. The technological progress index is higher than the technological efficiency change index, indicating that the total factor productivity of the sustainable development of foreign trade in western China is mainly driven by technological progress and more influenced by external factors. We think the conclusion of this study can provide important reference information for the sustainable development of foreign trade of provinces and cities in western China.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.213-228
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• 2021

In recent year, US government requires local investment ,unlike in the past, when import restrictions and tariff were imposed. In this situation, many companies are considering new investment in the US and entering the local market. However, research on the optimal investment plan along with the case analysis on trade regulation is extremely limited and more research needs to be conducted. Accordingly, this study aims to suggest the implications and countermeasure of the SCM and logistical perspective by studying the optimal measures for the new investment of each company due to trade regulation. As a research method, the gravity location model, Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model were used to select the optimal automobile manufacturing factory considering each state's population. This study will be implication of SCM and logistics perspective not only for companies considering new investment in the US but also for the government to conduct trade negotiations. In the future, it is expected that the US trade pressure will increase and affect Korea in many ways. Therefore, in order to cope with such difficult situation in a timely manner, continuous research considering various possibilities is needed in the future.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.567-578
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• 2006

This paper is a study of the relationships between trade and transshipment in Korea. Through the analysis of the data collected, a comprehensive model has been developed to analyze and predict relationships between trade and transshipment. By using analyses of port and trade evolution in Asia, the model identifies some important results. An application of the model to forecast developments in selected regions in China is also included in this paper. The paper provides a basis for shipping companies to decide on appropriate transshipment port strategies, and provides important theoretical references for Korean ports' development Supported by Shanghai leading Academic Discipline Project, project Number: T0602.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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• pp.21-36
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• 2006

This paper is a study of the relationships between trade and transshipment in Korea. Through the analysis of the data collected, a comprehensive model has been developed to analyze and predict relationships between trade and transshipment. By using analyses of port and trade evolution in Asia, the model identifies some important results. An application of the model to forecast developments in selected regions in China is also included in this paper. The paper provides a basis for shipping companies to decide on appropriate transshipment port strategies, and provides important theoretical references for Korean ports' development Supported by Shanghai leading Academic Discipline Project, project Number: T0602.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-306
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• 2018

Amid a general rise in protectionism and a trade war between the world's two largest economies, this paper analyzes changes in gains from trade for the world over a decade marked by rapid global economic integration preceding the global financial crisis of 2007-08. It employs state-of-the-art quantitative trade models based on the gravity equation to estimate autarky gains from trade, as well as a recently introduced ANOVA-type structural estimation of the gravity equation to obtain trade costs free of residual trade cost bias. Between 1995 and 2006, the cost of moving to autarky increased by about 45% on average. A decomposition exercise suggests most of the increase in autarky gains from trade on average was due to increases in import shares in total spending, with a limited role for reallocations of spending across sectors with varied trade elasticities. Changes in trade costs between 1995 and 2006 are found to have increased autarky gains from trade, as measured in 2006, by up to 100%.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2019

In pursuing carbon emission reduction efforts, companies have focused for the most part on reducing emissions due to the more efficient equipment and facilities. However they overlook a significant source of carbon emissions, one that is driven by operational policies. Currently companies are looking for solutions to reduce carbon emissions associated with their operations. Operational adjustments, such as modifications in order quantities could an effective way in reducing carbon emissions in the supply chain. Also, Cap-and-Trade mechanism is generally accepted as on of the most effective market-based mechanism to reduce carbon emissions. In this paper, we investigate a supply chain with single manufacturer and multiple retailers multi-product inventory model under the cap-and-trade system incorporating the carbon emissions caused by transportation and warehousing activities. Also, we provide an iterative solution algorithm and derive the common order interval and the number of intervals for each product. We show by numerical example that the inventory model incorporating cap & trade mechanism can reduce total cost and carbon emissions compared to the classical inventory model. Using the numerical examples, we also investigates different carbon price on the performance of the inventory model.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.289-305
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• 2019

Recently, each country has been using non-tariff barriers (Non-Tariff Barriers, NTB) as a new protection trade policy. In particular, TBT lies at the center of NTB. In this context, we examine the impact of Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Korea's exports to ASEAN. Using 10-year statistics from 2007 to 2016 that came into effect with the ASEAN FTA, we analyze the impact of TBT on the Korean exports in the electrical machinery industry (HS85), which accounts for more than 30 percent of Korea's total exports to ASEAN. The results of the empirical analysis using a gravity model showed significant and positive effects in the variables of GDP and real effective exchange rate in each ASEAN country on Korea's exports to ASEAN. As expected, the tariff rate has a negative effect. As for TBT, the key variable of this study, the results are as follows. Although many previous studies reported that TBT has negative impacts on exports, this study could not find any significant impact of TBT and found that Korea's exports of electrical machinery to ASEAN countries are not affected by TBT. Various implications of these results are suggested.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.771-780
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• 2021

The study assesses the impact of tariffs on Vietnam's trade in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Research data was conducted between 2001 and 2018 on the official website of the Uncomtrade and the World Bank. This paper uses the gravity model to estimate the relationship between data series and considers the impact of factors on Vietnam's trade with CPTPP countries. The results have proven that tariff reductions have a positive effect on Vietnam's trade. Besides, the trade openness of Vietnam and CPTPP countries has positive impacts on Vietnam's trade. The study also shows that Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) between Vietnam's and CPTPP countries' currencies has no strong effect on Vietnam's trade. Based on these findings, the article also suggests a number of policies to promote Vietnam's trade in future. In order to support businesses to better utilize opportunities and promote exports to CPTPP countries, the government of Vietnam should: (1) focus on reducing costs and time to participate in the market for production and business investors; (2) improve business investment environment to mobilize resources for production; and (3) continue to organize information campaigns to raise businesses' awareness of how to take advantage of CPTPP preferences.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.161-182
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• 2017

본 연구는 '프로젝트 이해관계자 관리 모델'을 응용하여, 한국의 통상협상에서 중요한 역할을 하는 국내 이해관계자들을 식별 및 체계화하고, 이들의 참여 관리 및 갈등통제 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 퍼트남(Putnam)의 양면게임('two-level' game) 모델에 따른 대내협상 원활화의 기본은 정부와 통상협상 내·외부 이해관계자들 간의 의사소통 시스템을 구조적으로 확보하는 것이다. 이를 위해 현존하는 한국 통상협상 이해관계자를 구체적으로 식별하고 그 특징을 분석할 필요가 있다. 프로젝트 이해관계자 관리 모델은 이해관계자 식별, 관리 계획 수립, 참여 관리 및 참여통제의 4단계로 나뉜다. 본 연구는 국내 통상협상 이해관계자 식별 및 분석 후 소비자와 노동자들을 위한 공식 채널 마련, 국내대책기구의 일원화 등을 제안한다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2024

Purpose: The renminbi (RMB) has appreciated alongside the elevation of China's economic status, leading to increased exchange rate volatility. Moreover, China's medical industry saw a surge in import and export trade volume, with trade related to epidemic prevention and control in the medical sector significantly increasing its share. The medical device trade, in particular, occupies a substantial portion of this trade. Research design, data and methodology: This paper focuses on the import and export value of medical devices in the medical industry as a case study to explore the impact of RMB exchange rate fluctuations on the import and export trade of the medical industry during the pandemic. Additionally, it investigates whether the import and export trade of the medical industry can be a contributing factor to the fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate. Results: Through an empirical study on the import and export values of medical devices in the medical industry over the past three years, as well as the RMB exchange rate, this paper establishes a VAR model and conducts a series of tests including stationarity tests and cointegration tests. Conclusions: The conclusion is that fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate have a long-term impact on China's medical industry's import and export trade.