• Title/Summary/Keyword: Trade Intensity Index

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A Study on the Trade Structure in Korea-China Info-Communication Equipment Industry (한·중 정보통신기기 산업의 무역구조 분석)

  • Lee, Dong Whuy
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.517-545
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    • 2008
  • This study, tried to describe the corporations and competitiveness of IT industries in Korea and China as well as the general trend in trade using import-export structure. Further, based on trade intensity index, revealed comparative advantage index, Grubel-Lloyd index, constant market share, the trade structure between Korea and China was analyzed for the equipment in the fields of communication, information, broadcasting and their parts. The results are; first, since 2004, China has been catching up with Korea in the number of their companies listed in the global top 500 conglomerates. Second, the trade intensity index increased in 2007 4.57% up from 2002, showing increasingly closer connection between the two countries in the area of communications equipment. Third, according to revealed comparative advantage index, Korea's info-communications equipment seems to comparatively lag behind, but in terms of import-export structure is in the black. Fourth, in recent years, Korean equipment's market share in the Chinese market has been dropped due to the weakening competitiveness and the changing commodity supplies.

An Analysis on the Trade Structure between Korea and Middle East for Increasing Trade. (한국과 중동 지역 간 상품교역 활성화를 위한 무역구조 연구)

  • Ahn, Tae-Kun;Kim, Sung-Ryong
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.47-64
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is on the expansion of trade between South Korea and Middle East Countries. This paper examines the existing state of the Middle East area. The Trade Intensity index and Trade Specialization index analysis enables to evaluate the trade between South korea and Middle east Countries. Hence, this study explains how to proceed the trade and shows some items for advancement in the market. And it gives also some products for vitalizing the export in South Korea. Furthermore, this presents the next-generation growth engines industry and develops new market frontier. In order to promote trade between South korea and Middle East area, korean government must be keep trying to make the FTA with middle east. and korean company must be improving to understand the local culture and to hire special for Middle East.

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Global Value Chain Formation and Human Capital: Case of Korea and ASEAN

  • Li, Jia-En;Choi, Young-Jun
    • Journal of Korea Trade
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.126-142
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    • 2021
  • Purpose - This study discusses the effects of human capital in the formation of GVC linkages. We also investigate GVC intensity between Korea and ASEAN. Design/methodology - To solve the doubling-counting problem in evaluating comparative advantage, RCA has been re-computed using domestic value-added (henceforth RCA_VA) at the country-sector level instead of value of trade. The impact of human capital on GVC intensity was empirically analyzed by establishing a panel data set with four industries (ISIC Rev. 4) in eight ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2015 from OECD-TiVA and WDI. Findings - The empirical results show that human capital has a negative effect on GVC intensity in the agriculture and manufacture industries, while it has a positive effect in the service and information industries. The results do not mean that low human capital is a barrier and inefficient to GVC linkages. Low Value-added activities may be more profitable to some emerging countries. These findings suggest that it is important to accurately identify the competitive elements to increase gains from trade under the GVC. Also, it shows that comparative advantages can be misled by an RCA index evaluated in trade volume under the GVC. Originality/value - This study highlights the importance of human capital as a factor for the efficient formation of Global Value Chain (GVC). This study has different from the literature in analyzing the role of human capital in formation of linkage of the GVC. And we clarify the changing patterns of trade by removing the double-counting problem under the GVC.

A Study on the Trade Structure between Korea and RCEP Participating Countries (한국과 RCEP 참여국가와의 무역구조에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Soo
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) among 16 countries including South Korea, the largest free trade agreement in the Asia-Pacific region, will be concluded next year. The participating countries decided to pursue a comprehensive and high -quality agreement, while ensuring flexibility considering development level of each country. In this study, trade structures between nations from 2005 through 2016 were examined to see the impact that this agreement will have on Korea and to come up with effective countermeasures. Research design, data, and methodology - The method of analysis includes the analysis of the trade matrix, which is useful for identifying the dependency of the individual countries on the market in the region and the reciprocal dependency of the member countries on the market, and the index of intensity of trade, which is useful for figuring out the share of trade between the parties in total trade. Results - The results showed that first, the international trade coefficients of Vietnam and Philippines are higher than those of China and Japan. Secondly, the international inducement coefficients between China and Japan were high, and that between Indonesia and Burma were low, indicating that Korea's exports did not have much effect on export increase of these countries. Third, as a result of analyzing Korea's trade intensity, it was found that export intensity and import intensity were greater than 1 in Vietnam and Philippines, which shows that there is a high degree of relational bond with these countries. India and Laos countries still have a low level of relational bond, which indicates that there is room for improvement in economic relations when the agreement is concluded. After the signing of the agreement in the future, more diverse industrial structures should be continuously studied. Conclusions - The analysis of trade matrix, trade structure, trade inducement coefficient and trade intensity between Korea and RCEP participating countries shows that the majority of the countries have the high level of economic relationship with Korea. Korea should drive a harder bargain when negotiating the terms of the RCEP, in comparison with the level of the existing FTA agreement excluding Japan.

The Reorganization of Global Value Chains in East Asia before and after COVID-19

  • Miroudot, Sebastien
    • East Asian Economic Review
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.389-416
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    • 2020
  • This paper provides empirical evidence on the reorganization of GVCs in East Asia, highlighting that structural trends explain a decrease in the fragmentation of production after 2011 but that it is not the result of rising trade costs along the value chain. Using harmonized inter-country input-output tables, the paper first analyzes the global import intensity of production to document changes in the structure of GVCs. It then calculates theory-consistent bilateral trade costs for intermediate and final products using an approach derived from the gravity literature and introduces a new index of cumulative trade costs along the value chain. These data are used to discuss whether the decrease in global imports is the consequence of shifts in demand, efficiency-enhancing strategies of firms or rising trade costs. Between 2011 and 2016, cumulative trade costs have decreased in East Asian GVCs. However, as COVID-19 is likely to intensify trade and investment uncertainties, trade costs could increase in the future. Policies aimed at reducing uncertainties and preserving the gains from trade and investment liberalization will be key in this new environment.

An Analysis on the Competitiveness of Japanese Steel Products in Korea: Focus on the Structural Changes of Supply and Demand in Korea Steel Industry

  • Lee, Seoung-Taek
    • Journal of Korea Trade
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2021
  • Purpose - This study reviews changes in the steel export-import structure between Korea and Japan to strengthen the competitive advantage of the Korea Steel industry using a trade-related index. Design/methodology - This study focuses on analyzing comparative advantage based on the trade intensity index (TII), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index (TSI). Findings - Korea's steel import from Japan increased due to the domestic supply shortage of HR (Hot Rolled Coil) and Plate, rather than the sharp decline of the domestic steel industry's competitiveness in 2010. However, after the completion of Hyundai Steel's blast furnace, the Korea Steel industry solved the supply shortage. Additionally, the import of Japanese steel products had decreased significantly from 2009 to 2019. Originality/value - This study attempts to analyze Japanese steel products' competitiveness in trade and the domestic influence of high-quality Japanese steel products. These results are connected to domestic steel supply and demand structure and relations with the Japanese steel industry. After completing Hyundai Steel's blast furnace, the Korea Steel industry solved the supply shortage, and the import of Japanese steel products has decreased significantly from 2009 to 2019.

A Trade-off Image Fusion Technique Using Fast Intensity-Hue-Saturation Transform (Fast IHS 변환을 이용한 trade-off 영상 융합기법)

  • Kim, Yong-Hyun;Kim, Youn-Soo
    • Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.26-32
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    • 2009
  • In the satellite image fusion, the most important point is to preserve both the spatial detail of panchromatic(PAN) image and the spectral information of multispectral(MS) image. Among various image fusion techniques, fusion technique using Intensity-Hue-Saturation(IHS) transform is widely used and it has advantage that computation is very simple. In this study, a fusion technique using fast IHS transform and trade-off parameter $\alpha^i$ proposed. Proposed fusion technique permits customization of the trade-off between the spectral information and spatial detail quality of the fused image through the evaluation of two quality indices: a spectral index(the spectral ERGAS) and a spatial one(the spatial ERGAS). Based on the result of experiment using IKONOS image, we confirmed the proposed fusion technique was more effective in preserving spatial detail and spectral information than existing fusion techniques using fast IHS transform.

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Environmental and Socioeconomic Determinants of Grain Virtual Water Trade: An Empirical Analysis using Decomposition and Decoupling Model

  • Golden Odey;Bashir Adelodun;Seulgi Lee;Kyung Sook Choi
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.394-394
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    • 2023
  • The world's sustainable growth is being severely hampered by the inefficient use of water resources. Despite the widely acknowledged importance of trade in global and regional water and food security, societal reliance on local production as well as international trade remains inadequately assessed. Therefore, using South Korea as a case study, this study fills in this research gap by applying the virtual water concept, the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method, and the Tapio decoupling model. The virtual water concept was used to estimate South Korea's net virtual water trade for major grain crops from 1992 to 2017. Then, the LMDI method was utilized to assess the driving factors causing changes in net virtual water trade. Lastly, the Tapio decoupling model was used to investigate the decoupling relationships between economic growth and the driving factors of net virtual water trade. Results showed that South Korea remains a net importer of virtual water flows with respect to grain crops, with an average import of 16,559.24 million m3 over the study period. In addition, the change in net virtual water trade could be attributed to water intensity effect, product structure effect, economic effect, and population effect. However, water intensity and economic effects were the major decisive factors for decrease and increase in net virtual water trade respectively, while the population and product structure effects had minor positive influences on the net virtual water trade. Furthermore, water intensity and economic growth showed a strong decoupling in most periods, while the decoupling state between product structure and economic growth was observed as expansive negative decoupling. Likewise, population size and economic growth showed a weak decoupling in most periods. The results reveal South Korea's status as it concerns the virtual water trade of grain crops, thus providing valuable insights into the sustainability of trade activities for the management of local water resources.

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A Study on Trade Structure Analysis between Korea and GCC(Gulf Cooperation Council) Countries (한국과 걸프협력회의(GCC)국가 간의 교역구조분석에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Tae-Won
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.11
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2016
  • Although growth potential of trade between Korea and the GCC region has existed in various fields through economic and business cooperation, few data and practical study related with trade structure and cooperation between Korea and GCC region have been found and the potential for further economic expansion has not been extensively explored. In this sense, this study is to analyze trade flows between Korea and GCC region countries(Saudi Arabia, Unites Arab Emirates, Qatar) using trade intensity index, trade complementarity index and special country bias index, identify potential for further expansion of Korea's trade into the GCC region and further propose the implication of FTA between mutual countries. Our analysis of trade flows also demonstrates that there is a high level of trade complementarity between Korea and GCC region. It means that increase of trade complementarity and special country bias come from removing not only trade barrier and increasing but also capital movement. Especially, the study reveals that there is an untapped potential for Korea to increase its exports to Saudi, based on the highest complementarities. Export expansion between Korea and Saudi through FTA will create new opportunity in near future.

Determinants of Productivity Change in Export Manufacturing Firms : Focusing on Innovation (수출제조기업의 생산성변화에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석 : 혁신활동을 중심으로)

  • Hwang, Kyung-Yun;Koo, Jong-Soon;Hwang, Jung-Hyun
    • Korea Trade Review
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.61-90
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to identify the sources of productivity change in export manufacturing firms. After estimating the Malmquist productivity index, a panel regression was used to calculate the source of productivity change. Upon conducting a literature review of this field, six variables were selected as explanatory variables. The results of an analysis of 355 export manufacturing firms operating from 2009 through 2015 are as follows: First, both innovation activity and total assets had a positive impact on productivity change. However, employment cost intensity, equity ratio, and current ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in export manufacturing firms. Second, innovation activity and intangible assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity, selling expense intensity, and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in large export manufacturing firms. Third, innovation activity had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in small and medium export manufacturing firms. Fourth, intangible assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity, selling expense intensity, and current ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in export manufacturing firms listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index. Fifth, innovation activity and total assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in manufacturing firms listed on the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. The managerial implications of this study are also discussed.

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