• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2004

Transient uidA expression was used to optimize parameters required for biolistic transformation of suspension cells of Easter lily, Lilium longiflourm. Maximum uidA expression occurred following bombardment with gold particles as compared to tungsten. A 3hr pre-treatment of suspension cells with 0.125M osmoticum resulted in a 1.5X increase in uidA expression. A helium pressure of 1550 psi combined with a particle travelling distance of 6cm resulted in maximum uidA expression as compared to either 1100, 1200, or 1800 psi. Transient transformation resulted in up to 493 uidA expressing cells/Petri plate. For stable transformation suspension cells of Lilium longiflorum, were co-bombarded with plasmid DNA containing cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) replicase under the rice actin (Act1) promoter and either the bar or PAT genes under the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 355) promoter. Ten regenerated plants contained the transgene as analyzed by PCR, and two of the ten plants were confirmed to contain the transgene by Southern hybridization. The two transgenic plants were independent transformants, one containing the bar gene and the other both the CMV replicase and bar genes. Plants were sprayed at the rosette stage and found to be resistant to 1000 mg/L of phosphinothricin (Trade name-Ignite) indicating expression of the bar gene throughout the leaves when bar was under control of the CaMV 35S promoter.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2019

Under the Act No. 21 of 2008, Islamic banks in Indonesia as an intermediary institution are obligated to manage the resources simultaneously, the financial funds as well as the social funds, e.g. zakah, infaq, and sadaqah. This study aims to investigate the productivity change of social funds and financial funds of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Non-parametric tests of Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) is applied to annual data from period 2012 to 2017, encompassing post-reform of banking authority from Bank Indonesia to The Financial Services Authority (OJK) at 2012. The samples are nine Islamic banks in Indonesia which were able to provide the data during observation period. The results indicate that social funds are more productive than financial funds and productivity change tends to trade off. The productivity of social funds is progressed by 8.2% while the financial funds is regressed by 5.4%. Overall, the productivity change of Islamic banks is influenced by technological aspect rather than the efficiency aspect. Besides, BRI Syariah is the best performer in managing financial funds while BCA Syariah as the best performer in social funds. It implies that the policymakers may strengthen the supervisory and coaching to increase the Islamic banks' productivity in both activities.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-126
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• 2004

Japan's economic clusters are characterized by their high level of diversity. In essence, Japanese economic clusters are not limited to single industries; they comprise numerous manufacturing industries and firms which cluster in specific heterogeneous economic zones, vice political boundaries. Japanese manufacturing sectors are showing an increased level of diversity, resulting in the spread of experience and knowledge among clusters, and sustained growth at the point of industrial structural transformation. Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) proposed the creation of intellectual clusters for the purpose of promoting research and development(R&D) activities resulting in the stimulation and development of new technologies. The Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry (METI) is also proposing the industrial cluster plan with the aim to promote the local rebirth and revitalization of the Japanese industrial sector. This paper proposes a methodological analysis which will result in the integration of the two policies currently implemented by the Japanese government. If the current policies are not coordinated and integrated, artificial firms and sectors will continue to hamper innovation and discourage competitiveness, which will ultimately result in Japan's loss of economic opportunities within Asia. In the worst case, failure to act on current economic deficiencies illuminated in this paper could cost Japan its position as an Asian economic leader.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.495-522
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• 2016

The Mongolia is one of the highly impressive potential developing countries in Asia according to open the economic market. Since early 1990 as the falling apart from Russian union, Mongolia has tried to developing economic status with plentiful stocked natural resources in their country. The Mongolia has been accepting the modernizing their legal systems including national amended law of arbitration 2003 which was based in the 'UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985' to harmonize with the international arbitration trends. However, UNCITRAL council announced the adapting members countries excluding Mongolia caused by the inappropriate international standard conditions. As the foreign business partners with Mongolian, it is not easy to agree a site in Mongolia for the place of arbitration on their disputes settlement cause by the weak confidence and precarious interruption under the arbitration processing and enforcement of award on the uncertain law of arbitration on their law of arbitration. Recently, the Mongolian government intends to revise their arbitration law to comply to newly UNCITRAL Model Law in 2006 revision for improving the putting confidence and promoting the choosing arbitration on the place of commercial disputes in Mongolia. It is the point to considering in this article to compare to the problems and alternative ways to the legal and practical arbitration services for reliant and confirming arbitration system in Mongolia for the business parties of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2014

In view of the increased threat arising terrorism, the International Maritime Organization(IMO) adopted the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) which attached to the SOLAS Convention. The ISPS Code requires a comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities. For example, a shipowner must obtain the International Ship Security Certificate(ISSC). If the carrying vessel has not ISSC, the ship may be detained by the contracting governments. The Joint Cargo Committee(JCC) in London adopted the Cargo ISPS Endorsement, in which the assured who knowingly ships the cargoes on a non-ISPS Code compliant vessel will have no cover. However, where there is no the Cargo ISPS Endorsement in a Marine Cargo Insurance Policy and the cargo is carried by a non-ISPS Code certified vessel, the legal problem is whether or not it would constitute a breach of an implied warranty of seaworthiness and/or an implied warranty of legality. The purpose of this article is to analyze the potential legal issue on the relations between non-ISPS Code compliant vessel and two implied warranties under Marine Insurance Act(1906) in U.K.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.16-24
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• 2019

BRIS has been established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs since 2011 under Article 21 of the Act on the Preservation, Management and Utilization of Agricultural Life Resources. It is an information service that provides information related to agricultural life resources in connection with the Rural Development Administration, the Forest Service, and Korea Seed & Variety Service, Agricultural Resources and Agricultural and Livestock Quarantine Headquarters. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the users assess the information system quality (information quality, system quality) for the current Bio Resource Information Service (BRIS). Ultimately, the structural equation modeling analyzes the causal relationship between each variable and how it responds to the user's continuous use intention. As a result, information quality among information system quality and information quality among system quality used as the main variables for the evaluation of BRIS were statistically positively influenced by users' perceived usefulness, while system quality It has been analyzed to have a positive effect on the sustained use intention. The user's continuous use intention is positively influenced by the information system quality and perceived usefulness at a statistically significant level. Especially, the perceived usefulness plays a role in mediating the user's continuous use intention.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.3-25
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• 2016

Lately each country tends to provide neutrality and ease of enforcement in order to settle disputes related to international trade through commercial arbitration. In order to expand the use of arbitration systems, most countries accept arbitration agreements as an effective tool agreed between parties that express their intent to settle disputes by the arbitration. It is applied equally to selective arbitration agreements and parties can select either arbitration or lawsuit to settle disputes based on the contract intent for selective arbitration agreements. However, China does not admit the effectiveness of selective arbitration agreements. Chinese courts regard selective arbitration agreements as not valid because the contract of a selective arbitration agreement between parties is not a definite expression to only use the arbitration and there is no exclusion of court jurisdiction. Therefore, the study attempts to consider effective conditions for selective arbitration agreements in the Chinese arbitration act and other relevant regulations, and also verifies the judgment by Chinese courts on relevant disputes. As a result, the study explores some problems and implications of Chinese selective arbitration agreements and suggests some precautions in case Korean companies pursue selective arbitration agreements with Chinese enterprises and investors.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.441-466
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• 2007

Geographical indications are place names (in some countries also words associated with a place) used to identify the origin and quality, reputation or other characteristics of products. Protection required under the TRIPS Agreement is defined in two articles. The purpose of this study is to select the representative geographical indication item of Korea, discuss of the new intellectual property rights, and promote the trade of that product. It is also discussed of a geographical indication registration system and the recognition with international point of view. The international geographical indication protection is strengthening in recent. There are many multilateral and bilateral discussions and talks for geographical indication system. In order to protect excellent Korean products locally and internationally, the 'Quality Management of Agricultural Products Act' has been introduced form July 1, 1999. The geographical indication registration of Korea currently is 31 cases. The geographical indication is limited the regional promotion in Korea. Therefore, it is studied the registered items on the list and analyzed the result of the registration. Consequently, this paper suggests that more effective ways have to be prepared for the systematic management of geographical indications, campaigns for the recognition as a property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.11-16
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine contract management method with regard to Direct Payment of Subcontract Payment outlined in Article 14 of The Fair Trade Subcontract Transactions Act. The literature research and deductive demonstration are adopted as research method. And the findings of this study are as followed. (1) The study has shown the closer interpretation on the legal condition and the impact of Direct Payment of Subcontract Payment. (2) The study has revealed the solution for the questions concerning Direct Payment of Subcontract Payment by exploring and demonstration. (3) The study has suggested contract management method for contractual parties with respect to Direct Payment of Subcontract Payment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1533-1545
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• 1996

In this paper, the design and implementation of echo canceller with new variable step size algorithm is discussed. The method used in the new algorithm is to periodically adopt the test function which helps an optimal coefficient tracking. This algorithm outperforms LMS and VS algorithms in convergence speed and steady state error. As the period of test function is decreased, the speed of convergence is improved, but the number of calculation is increased, then the trade off between these parameters must be considered. Simulation results show new algorithm outperforms LMS and VS algorithms in convergence rate. For the design of hardware, circuit is designed with VHDL, and synthesized with Act1 withc is a FPGA library of ActelTM in use of synovation of InterGraph$^{TM}$. Verification of the synthesized circuit is carried out with simulator DLAB. The circuit based on the algorithm which is suggested in this paper calculated 7 radix places of inary number. A simulation data for the verification is based on the data of algorithm simulation. When the same input data is applied to the both simulation, output results of circuit simulation had slight difference in compare with that of algorithm simulation. The number of used gate is about 5,500 and We have 5.53MHz in maximum frequency.y.