• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1580-1587
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• 2021

Currently, the development and sale of various emoticons has given users a wider range of choices, but a systematic and specific approach to the recognition and use of emoticons by actual users is lacking. Therefore, this study tried to investigate the subjective perception and visual attention concentration of actual users on negative emotional expression emoticons through a survey and eye tracking experiment. First, as a result of subjective recognition analysis, it was found that emoticons are frequently used because their appearance is important, and they can express various emotions in a fun and interesting way. In particular, it was found that emoticons that express negative emotions are often used because they can indirectly express negative emotions through various and concretely expressed visual elements. Next, as a result of the eye tracking experiment, it was found that the negative emotional expression emoticons focused on the large elements that visually emphasized or emphasized the emotional expression elements, and it was found that the focus was not only on the facial expression but also on the physical behavioral responses and language of expression of emotions. These results will be used as basic data to understand users' perceptions and utilization of the diversified emoticons. In addition, for the long-term growth and activation of the emoticon industry market in the future, continuous research should be conducted to understand the various emotions of real users and to develop differentiated emoticons that can maximize the empathy effect appropriate to the situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.589-600
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• 2019

In order to investigate the flow structures around Geumo archipelago on Southern Waters of Korea, water movements were measured for 25 hours during spring tide in May and neap tide in September 2002 using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) attached to a running boat. Dominant directions of ebb and flood current at spring tide are SE-NW, representing the average flow rate of approximately 40cm/s in the surface layer. However because of the topographical reason, the direction and speed of the flow in the narrow waterway sea area around the northwest of Gae Island were different. There was no notable baroclinic component of tidal flow at spring tide. This indicates that the sea area has been actively engaged in vertical mixing due to island wake or eddy due to narrow waterways, shallow water depth and rapid flow rate around archipelago. At neap tide, dominant directions of tidal flows are SSE-NNW and the average flow rate in the surface layer is about 85 percent of the spring tide. The duration and intensity of the flow direction are shorter and less dominant than the spring tide. It is expected that asymmetrical tidal mixing will occur due to vertical velocity shear and horizontal eddies. From daily mean tidal flows obtained from the ADCP observation, it was found that the northwest of Gae Island have flows in NW~NE, the west of Geumo Island have the average currents of up to 21 cm/s WSW~SSW and counterclockwise circulation or eddy currents are formed in the west of Sori Island.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1987.10a
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• pp.734-740
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• 1987

Various kinds of predictive control design methods such as MAC(Model Algorithmic Control), DMC(Dynamic Matrix Control), MC(Extended Horizon Adaptive Control), GPC(Generalized Predictive Control), RHTC(Receding Horizon Tracking Controller), and PVC(PreView Controller) are surveyed and compared in this paper. In addition, stability properties of these control laws known to date are summarized and some new stability results are presented.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2020

최근 차량에 적용 가능한 에너지 하베스팅 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 차량 폐열을 활용하는 열전 소자의 경우 급격한 온도 변화 특성이 있는 내연기관, 배기관 등의 전장 부품에 적용될 수 있다. 이러한 전장 부품에서 가능한 많은 열에너지를 회수하기 위해 빠르고, 정확한 최대 발전전력 추종 기법이 필수적이다. 본 논문은 이러한 열전 소자 발전의 차량 적용을 위한 최대 전력 추종 기법을 살펴보고 비교 조사 분석한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.127-130
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• 2004

In order to verify the validity of the exhibition moethod in a science museum, this study undertakes a visitor follow-up survey, and clarifies the influence an exhibition method affect visitor's behavior, and its feature. The tracking research performed the visitor follow-up survey to family company children. The characteristic of the visitor's behavior by the exhibition method; Use frequency becomes low in order of 'Experience type' 'Participation type' 'Fixed type'. Experience type has tendencies, such as repetitive and continuing use, and use time was long. Otherwise use time of Fixed type was short. As a result, although the use frequency of Hands-on is high and its use time is longer than Hands-off, it turns out that is influenced according to factors, such as the exhibition method, presentation and the contents of exhibition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3323-3329
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• 2013

Background: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) was carried out for systematically monitoring tobacco use and for tracking key tobacco control indicators. Materials and Methods: A total of 70,802 households, including 42,647 in rural areas and 28,155 in urban areas, were covered with a three stage sampling design. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices of tobacco consumption.Results: GATS-India highlighted that total tobacco use among its residents is overall 34.6%, varying for males (47.9%) and females (20.7%). The rural areas of the country exhibit comparatively higher prevalence rates (38.4%) in comparison to urban areas (25.3%). Overall, Khaini, a smokeless tobacco product (12.0%), is the most popular form of tobacco use among males and females, followed by bidi smoking (9.0%). Conclusion: Results of GATS data can be used as baseline for evaluation of new tobacco control approaches in India integrating culturally acceptable and cost effective measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.82-88
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• 2020

Currently, flight training is not only a technical instruction that teaches maneuvering operations, but has expertise equal to that of general disciplines. Therefore, flight instructors must have academic knowledge and flight skills. As flight instructors are the first teacher in flight training for students who have never experienced actual flight control, the behavior of flight instructors will affect the students' flight education. Therefore, the influence of flight instructors for students are quite large compared to other educational institutions. In this study, the factors of instructional behavior were determined, and the actual state of instructional behavior of flight instructors were confirmed through students' survey. Improvements were derived to solve the problems identified in the survey results. For the follow-up analysis, improvements were applied to the flight instructors for 8 months, and then re-question was conducted to the same students who responded to the first questionnaire to find out the difference in results before and after through a paired t-test.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.87-99
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• 2022

Cyber attacks have become more difficult to detect and track as sophisticated and advanced APT attacks increase. System providence graphs provide analysts of cyber security with techniques to determine the origin of attacks. Various system provenance graph techniques have been studied to reveal the origin of penetration against cyber attacks. In this study, we investigated various system provenance graph techniques and described about data collection and analysis techniques. In addition, based on the results of our survey, we presented some future research directions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2015

There's a trend towards vitalization of nightscape planning businesses nationally and locally as well for city image making and activation of regional economy, but there is still no systematic nightscape planning going on for lack of relevant researches and objective evaluations. This study aims to suggest the guideline for nightscape planning by conducting an eye tracking experiment and survey for recognizing the characteristics of a nightscape. Furthermore, the authors intended to verify the eye-tracking method as a tool for landscape evaluation. The research site was restricted in the campus of Virginia Tech, VA, and those were selected by experts' survey among various types of nightscape images. The variables for analyzing the characteristics of nightscape images selected were 'preference', 'safety(fear)' and 'clearness'. 'Fixation duration', 'saccade duration', 'scan path length', and 'pupil size' were selected as the eye movement measurements. The results of this study are as follows: The first outcome found was that there were significant differences among the characteristics(preference, safety and clearness) of a nightscape by MANOVA, and these variables were correlated positively by Pearson's correlation. Secondly, there were differences on fixation duration, saccade duration and scan path depending on the nightscape setting statistically. Also, the eye tracking measurement in an open setting was recorded lower than enclosed settings. In the result of a heat map, we found the meaning of the fixated areas on both viewing without intention and viewing intentionally. It turned out that the fixated areas were consistent with the areas the subjects felt preferred and clarity in all of the nightscape images, which means people usually focus on what they prefer and see clearly in a certain nightscape. Based on this result and previous studies, the authors could make a conclusion that eye tracking method can apply to evaluate nightscape settings in terms of analyzing the whole characteristics and finding specific points for the detailed analysis as well. Therefore, these results can contribute by suggesting nightscape planning, implication of the landscape evaluation, and implication of the eye tracking study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

The reinforcing steel process is composed of the development of placing drawing, cutting and bending, and the placement and fabrication of the reinforcement, and is participated in by reinforcement detailer, the fabricator and placer. Because the reinforcing steel process-from estimating and rebar detailing, to production, material tracking, billing, and general accounting-is conducted by many participant, reinforcement details based on building code and reinforcing bar detailing standards are essential. The process, however, holds some problems. Building code has been revised recently, and the utilization of placing drawings was proved to be low, and the reinforcement estimating in early stage of the process is below what is required for placement. Therefore, in this study, a survey was conducted to the reinforcement detailer, the fabricator and placer of domestic construction industry. According to the analysis of the survey, the reinforcement details on site was not standardized. The improvement in reinforcing steel detailing standards was sought by analyzing the results of the survey including reinforcement constructability.