• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.664-669
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• 2005

Objectives : To evaluate the clinical significance of abnormal bronchi originating from the trachea or main bronchi. Methods : 21 patients (male:female ratio, 13:8; mean age, 58.2 years, range 34-77), who were diagnosed with major tracheobronchial anomalies by bronchoscopy from January 2001 to March 2005, were enrolled in this study. The anomalous bronchi consisted of 13 tracheal bronchi and 8 cardiac accessory bronchus. The clinical features, bronchoscopic findings, and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Results : Common symptoms, including hemoptysis, cough and dyspnea, resulted from the underlying lung disease regardless of the bronchial anomalies. In this series of 13 tracheal bronchi, 7 cases originated from the trachea within 1cm of the carina (carinal type) and 6 cases originated at a higher level(tracheal type). Most patients had favorable outcome with conservative treatment for the underlying lung disease. Conclusion : Most tracheobronchial anomalies are found incidentally in the process of diagnosing lung disease. The clinical outcome of patients with a bronchial anomaly depends on the underlying lung disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1975

Developmental pulmonary abnormalities are known as rare condition. diagnosis was made at autopsy in the early cases reported, however, as diagnostic aids such as X-ray, bronchography, bronchoscopy and exploratory thoracotomy have come into use, the condition is being discovered more often recently in living persons, and it appears to occur with sufficient frequency to merit consideration in the differential diagnosis of certain chest conditions. According to Schneider and Boyden there are three main types of this abnormality: [1] Agenesis, in which there is complete absence of one or both lungs; there is no trace of bronchial or vascular supply or of parenchymal tissue. [2] Aplasia, in which there is suppression of all but a rudimentary bronchus which ends in a blind pouch; there are no vessels or parenchyma. [3] Hypoplasia, in which the bronchus is fully formed but is reduced in size and ends in a _ flesh structure which usually lies within the mediastinum. Rudimentary pulmonary parenchyma may be present around the bronchial stump and often is the site of cystic malformation. We experienced one case of hypoplastic lung with cystic malformation which was originated from a small aberrant rudimentary bronchus, and the rudimentary bronchus was branched from the right side of tracheal end. The diagnosis was finally confirmed by the histopathological finding. Now, we report this case with a brief review of literatures.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.114-120
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• 2018

Tracheal tumors are rare and difficult to diagnose. Moreover, delays in diagnosis are very common because the symptoms are nonspecific. As a result, tracheal tumors are commonly mistreated as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchial asthma. We report a case of a 49-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of dyspnea and cough. Chest computed tomography scan showed a $1.5{\times}1.3cm$ homogenous tumor originating from the right lateral wall of the tracheobronchial angle into the tracheal lumen as well as a $0.5{\times}0.4cm$ round nodular lesion at the right upper lobe with multiple mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement. Bronchoscopic findings revealed a broad-based, polypoid lesion nearly obstructing the airway of the right main bronchus. The patient was diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma which is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands, but rarely appears in the trachea. Upon surgery, tracheal pleomorphic adenoma and co-existing active pulmonary tuberculoma that had been mistreated as bronchial asthma over 3 months was revealed. Following surgery, the patient underwent anti-tuberculosis treatment. No recurrence has been detected in the 3 years since treatment and the patient is now asymptomatic.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2000

Although a tracheal stent can be an option for inoperable tracheal stenoses there still are some troublesome side effects including overgranulation from foreign body irritation restenosis and patient's discomfort associated with the procedure. We report a successful case of a retrievable stent made of self-expandable 'shape memory' metal and polyurethane in a 24 year old female patient with respiratory distress and tight stenosis in the trachea and left main bronchus, The stent was inserted following a balloon dilatation and was successfully removed on the 7th days after the procedure. She regained a normal active life without any repiratory symptoms and a follow-up of 8 months showed satisfactory results.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.29-30
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• 2001

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.799-803
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• 1998

Background: Tumors of the trachea are rare despite their histologic similarity to tumors of the main stem bronchus and lung. Materials and methods: Fourteen patients with tracheal tumor underwent surgical, radiational, or laser photocoagulation therapy from March 1981 to July 1996. Nine patients were malignant and five patients were benign. The most common malignant tumor was adenoid cystic carcinoma. Results: Age ranged from 10 to 65 years with mean age of 45.9 years. Most tumors were located middle and lower one-third of trachea. Surgery was done through collar incision, or collar incision with vertical partial sternal division, or left posterolateral thoracotomy, or sternal division with laryngeal release. Two patients died after operation, because of the disruption of anastomosis and airway obstruction,and laryngeal edema after suprahyoid release. Only one patient died after 8 month of diagnosis. The other patients were doing well during the follow-up period.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.616-621
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• 1993

Leiomyoma of the trachea is a very rare tumor, and the tracheal tumor is frequently misdiagnosed and treated as bronchial asthma. We report here a case of leiomyoma of the trachea which was successfully resected. A 40-year-old woman has sufferred from a repeated episode of asthmatic attack for two years. Intensive therapy for asthma had no beneficial effect on her respiratory symptoms, and wheezing and stridor did not disappear. Chest CT and bronchoscopy revealed a pedunculated mass on the trachea just above the carina. Wedge resection of the trachea and right main stem bronchus including the tumor and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The result of the pathologic examination of the tumor was tracheal leiomyoma. Her postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative bronchoscopic findings showed clear healing of the anastomosis site.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.468-472
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• 1989

Bronchogenic cysts are uncommon congenital lesions which are derived from primitive foregut. Most of the bronchogenic cysts may occur at the tracheal bifurcation, both main bronchi, the lung parenchyme and the mediastinum. We experienced a case of bronchogenic cyst with a esophageal stalk. The diagnosis was made by simple chest x-ray and confirmed by bronchoscopy and chest CT. On the chest CT findings, 6.8X4.8 cm-sized oval shaped mass was located on the right posteroinferior side of the carina, elevating the right main bronchus and the thin wall of the mass was enhanced with contrast materials. On the operative findings, the esophagus and the cyst were connected with a stalk and the cyst was filled with mucinous materials. And on the histological findings, the mass was lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Thus we report this case of bronchogenic cyst with review of literatures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.942-948
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• 1997

Benign Tracheobroncheal tumor is a rare disease such as 1.9% of all tumor of pulmonary origin. Because clinical manifestation of benign tracheal tumor resembles that of broncheal asthma, these patients are usually treated in a way that used in broncheal asthma. Therefore, the diagnosis is delayed. We experienced a case of tracheal neurilemmoma that cured by bronchoscopic laser therapy. A 23-year-old woman visited our hospital because of progressing dyspnea especially during inspiration. She was treated with aminophylline and 2 agonist under the impression of bronchial asthma at a local clinic. But because the symptoms were not relieved and pulmonary function test revealed variable extrathoracic lesion, we conducted bronchoscopy and biopsy. There were $1.5{\times}2cm$ sized movable mass with stalk attached right anterior wall of bronchus. The biopsy result was neurilemmoma. Therefore we conducted bronchoscopic Laser therapy four times and the lesion disappeared in bronchoscopy and chest CT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.416-420
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• 1998

Flow-volume loop is known to be useful in the diagnosis of upper airway obstruction. In cases of tracheal obstruction, characteristic features such as fixed or variable upper airway obstruction patterns give clue to the diagnosis. But the flow-volume loop of unilateral mainstem bronchial stenosis is not known well. There is controversy in patterns of flow-volume loop in unilateral mainstem bronchial stenosis (restrictive pattern or biphasic pattern). We report a case of biphasic flow-volume loop in left mainstem bronchial stenosis(4-5 mm in diameter) as a sequela of endobronchial tuberculosis, which recovered normal flow-volume loop after metallic stent insertion and 2 months later showed reappearance of biphasic pattern because of restenosis of left mainstem bronchus due to growth of granulation tissue at the stent site.