• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1056-1063
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• 2008

This paper describes an efficient design of a multi-standard Viterbi decoder that supports multiple constraint lengths and code rates. The Viterbi decoder is parameterized for the code rates 1/2, 1/3 and constraint lengths 7,9, thus it has four operation nodes. In order to achieve low hardware complexity and low power, an efficient architecture based on hardware sharing techniques is devised. Also, the optimization of ACCS (Accumulate-Subtract) circuit for the one-point trace-back algorithm reduces its area by about 35% compared to the full parallel ACCS circuit. The parameterized Viterbi decoder core has 79,818 gates and 25,600 bits memory, and the estimated throughput is about 105 Mbps at 70 MHz clock frequency. Also, the simulation results for BER (Bit Error Rate) performance show that the Viterbi decoder has BER of $10^{-4}$ at $E_b/N_o$ of 3.6 dB when it operates with code rate 1/3 and constraints 7.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2019

Gott, Carter, Leslie, Bostrom and so on, as Descartes did, have made the evidence that is "I am here as an observer" to support many other beliefs. Bostrom and others who studied observation selection effects are missing two points. First, the self-consciousness information of the ones who just came up is distinct from that of the ones who have awoken. The awoken 'I' can trace back by memory to the past, but the 'I' who just came up can not. Second, when calculating credence, we must distinguish the ones in the possible worlds from the ones in the actual worlds. An estimate of credence where only one possible world is actualized among all possible worlds, differs fundamentally from that where all possible worlds are actualized. Keeping these two points in mind, we have explored what is the nature of the self-consciousness information of the one who just came up. We examine in depth the two human embryos thought experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.59
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• pp.151-182
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to understand the survivors who experienced and suffered through the tragic earthquake in Nepal. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 participatns, consisting of 5 children, 5 parents and 3 staff members. Analysis was done using photos, drawings and records. Identified themes included "daily routine, pleasure of life (life before the earthquake)," "survival from the crossroad of life and death (situation at the time of the earthquake)," "nonfunctional governmental system and impassioned foreigners who lend a helping hand (post earthquake recovery)", "trace of the day left everywhere (the current life),"and "desiring to get back up again (hope for future)."Based on the results, this study suggested policies and practical guideline for preventing and coping with disaster and supporting the survivors.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.235-276
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• 2013

Recent incidents of lethal violence in the Rakhine State of Myanmar between the majority Buddhist Rakhine and the Muslim Rohingya have been the source of much concern for the international community. Unlike the past, the killings and incendiary attacks by both communities have intensified to a critical level, proving to be a great liability for the forward-thinking Myanmar government, whose recent transition to civilian rule after a long military one has made it eager to move on. The roots of the conflict trace back to the military regime, who branded the Rohingyas living in Rakhine state as illegal immigrants and refused to confer upon them official recognition as Myanmar citizens. The discord then moved to an ethnic conflict, pitting the Rohingya not merely against the Myanmar government but rather the majority Buddhist Rakhine. The conflict, as it has developed into the present, is an immensely complicated one that simultaneously encompasses ethnic and religious issues, all intertwined together. This study aims to see how the two ethnic groups have come to resort to such violence, despite having lived in each other's presence for many centuries, and why the violence persists. It will attempt to reconcile the fact that Rakhine had historically been a place of convergence for two groups, the Buddhist Rakhine and the Rakhine Muslim(the Rohingya). Based on the argument, this study also seeks to uncover, identify, and understand the Rohingya identity with the extreme arguments exhibited by both sides, and from there, locate the underlying causes of the greater religio-ethnic conflict in Rakhine that has so ravaged the place as of recent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.352-356
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• 1997

In order to trace the survival route of weedy rice in Korean farmer's field, occurrence rate and position of weedy rice, number of weedy rice plants per $m^2$, in transplanted and direct seeded field were investigated. The highest occurrence rate of weedy rice in transplanted field was 5.5％. Number of weedy rice plants in direct seeded field was higher than that in transplanted field. In transplanted field, most of the weedy rice were grown within hills of cultivated rice and only a few was grown between hills of the cultivated rice, however in direct seeded field the number of weedy rice occurred between hills or rows of cultivated rice was higher than that occurred within hills or rows. Weedy rice occurrence rate in the field of .non-recommended rice variety was higher than that in the field of recommended variety. The main survival route of weedy rice in transplanted field was supposed to be mixture of weedy rice seeds with cultivated rice, and that in direct seeded field to be natural survival.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.181-190
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• 2009

DBMS access that used high speed internet web service through WAS is increasing. Need application of DB security technology for 3-Tier about DBMS by unspecified majority and access about roundabout way connection and competence control. If do roundabout way connection to DBMS through WAS, DBMS server stores WAS's information that is user who do not store roundabout way connection user's IP information, and connects to verge system. To DBMS in this investigation roundabout way connection through WAS do curie information that know chasing station security thanks recording and Forensic data study. Store session about user and query information that do login through web constructing MetaDB in communication route, and to DBMS server log storing done query information time stamp query because do comparison mapping actuality user discriminate. Apply making Rule after Pattern analysis receiving log by elevation method of security authoritativeness, and develop Module and keep in the data storing place through collection and compression of information. Kept information can minimize false positives of station chase through control of analysis and policy base administration module that utilize intelligence style DBMS security client.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2001

This study is to investigate biochemical compositions of two species of marine microalgae, Chlorella ellipsoidea of Chlorophyta and Tetraselmis suecica of Prasinophyta, and to assess their potential antimicrobial activities. Crude protein, lipid and carbohydrate for C. ellipsoidea were $43.15\%$, $12.63\%$ and $13.09\%$, respectively, and those for T. suecica were $44.95\%$, $4.80\%$ and $24.05\%$, respectively. The major amino acids of the two micro algae were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, lysine and proline, and no significant difference between the amino acid compositions of both micro algae was observed. The major sugars for both microalgae were glucose, galactose and mannose, and glucose contents showed the highest level, $58.70\%$ for C. ellipsoidea and$57.86\%$ for T. suecica. The major mineral contents of both micro algae for 100g were Ca (3,114mg in C. ellipoidea and 3,389mg in T. suecica) and followed by Na (2,881mg), K (548mg) and Mg (545mg) for C. ellipsoidea and Na (1,832 mg), Mg (1,510mg) and K (548mg) for T. suecica. In the content of ATP-related compound, hypoxanthine in C. ellipsoidea and IMP in T. suecica were absolutely dominant compounds. The highest content of fatty acid in C. ellipsoidea was 20:4, $27.15\%$ and that in T. suecica was 18:3 (w-6), $18.10\%$. In case of physiologically important polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6), both microalgae possessed just trace amounts but was rich in arachidonic acid (20: 4). Vitamin content in both microalgae was significantly high in choline and inositol. In antimicrobial activity by water- and fat-soluble fraction of the micro algae, hexane extract in the fat-soluble fraction of C. elliposidea inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis by $96\%$ bactericidal activity and tetrachlorocarbon extract of T. suecica indicated relatively excellent antimicrobial activity $(81\%\;bactericidal\;activity)$ against Escherichia coli. Hot water extract among water-soluble fraction of both micro algae almost suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by $96\%$ bactericidal activity.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.55-78
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• 2013

The issues on the representation of digital images, the uncanny is not considered aesthetically but must be overcome. It seems that the future of visual media using digital images, depends on the development and advancement of the digital technology. However, the Brothers Quay regarded as unique and experimental animators, focus their attention towards the past rather than the future. They trace back to the origin of the media, reproducing, manipulating, and representing gestures in oder to restore the shock and thrill delivered in film and animation. The Brothers Quay explore the uncanny of gestures through the mechanism of medium. They work in a wide range of genres, from animation, live action to dance film. The creaking spasms, which create the feeling that the movement does not belong to this world, and the strange gestures, reveals the flicker of the still projection and make audiences recognize gestures in the true meaning of the word. While they animate live actors and dead objects like automata, the hidden desires are revealed over screen. In this paper, focusing on the works of Brothers Quay, I tried to explore the uncanny of gesture based on Freud's and Jentsch' theory of uncanny.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.408-414
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• 1999

A selective and sensitive method for the derivatization of total homocysteine (Hcy) and the related compounds in plasma by gas chromatograph (GC)-electron capture detector (ECD) has been developed. To determine total homocysteine, cysteine (Cys), and methionine (Met) in human plasma using GC-ECD, analytes were reduced and converted into their N(O,S)-ethylearbonyl pentafluoropropyl (PFP) ester by derivatization with ethyl chloroformate and pentafluoropropyl alcohol (PFP-OH) in plasma. The best derivatizing agent N(O,S)-ethyl carbonyl PFP ester, was chosen by comparing the sensitivity of derivatized analysis in GC-ECD. The derivatized analytes in plasma were extracted by chloroform, and subsequently back-extracted with hexane and analyzed by GC-ECD. The calibration carves ($R^2$ > 0.990) were linear over the range $5-50{\mu}mol/L$ of Hcy and Met, $40-400{\mu}mol/L$ of Cys spiked in plasma. The detection limit observed by the established method was below $0.5{\mu}mol/L$. This method is highly sensitive and specific in the analysis of Hcy, Cys, and Met. Therefore, we suggest that this method is appropriate in the analysis of trace concentration of Hcy, Cys, and Met in biological fluids.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

Since fire was founded in the world, human races have invented various heating methods. Ondol is traditional heating method in Korea. It is very the important work to trace the history and characteristics of Ondol which originated and was developed in the Korean peninsula. Especially, the study on Ondol will contribute to improving the present heating methods and predicting future ones. In this paper, we shall study through the analysis of documents such as oriental documents, the document of Choseon dynasty, European documents and American documents. In order to discover the origins of Ondol as one of the excellent heating method all over the world, This study aims at identifying the history and characteristics of Ondol in the Korean peninsula, through document analysis. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The first document about Ondol is Sookyongjoo(水經注), Chinese ancient geography book. Contents recorded in the book include the description related to Ondol at Kwankyesa temple which was located at the border land between Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and the northeast of China. 2) Ondol was popular heating method in Gogooryo(ancient Korea) and it was used in not only Gogooryo but also Silla Kingdom and Beakje Kingdom. Thereafter, it was also used widely in Goryo dynasty and Choseon dynasty. Thereby we know that Ondol has been used as a heating method for a long time in the Korean peninsula. 3) Ondol was covered with a floor paper since the beginning of Choseon dynasty. the paper made room clean and impacted on Korean life style. Because the floor was clean and warm, Koreans thus took off shoes and sat on the floor. 4) Ondol was spreaded to Jeju island in Korea before 16th century but wasn't used widely there. The reason was that Ondol was rare high class heating system and the weather was warm in Jeju island. 5) The overspreading of Ondol caused that poor people built roughly Ondol in the last of Choseon dynasty. So, the quality of Ondol gradually became lower and lower. 6) A westerner was impressed by the novelty of Ondol and Frank Lloyd Wright had played an important role to update and spread Ondol widely all over the world. Hailing Ondol as the ideal heating system, Frank Lloyd Wright began incorporating it in his buildings back in the U.S. and even invented a modified ondol system, using hot water running through pipes instead of the hot exhaust through flues.