• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.264-269
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• 2001

Large amounts of orange juice are produced in Japan every yea.. Accompanied by the production of orange juice, large amount of juice residues are also generated in nearly the same amounts with juice. Although, at present, some of these residues are marketed as a feed for cattle after drying and mixing with lime, the marketing price is lower than its production cost and the difference is paid by the consumers as a part of the price of orange juice. In the present work, we developed new innovative use of orange juice residue, a biomass waste, as adsorption gel for removing toxic heavy metals such as lead. arsenic, selenium and so on as well as radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium from environments. The major components of orange juice residue are cellulose. hemicellulose and pectin, which are converted into pectic. acid, an acidic polysaccharide, by means of saponification with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. In the previous work, we found that crosslinked pectic acid gel strongly an selectively adsorbs lead over other metals such as zinc an copper. On the other hand. it is well known that polysaccharides such as cellulose can be easily phosphorylated and that phosphorylated polysaccharides have high affinity to uranium and thorium as well as some trivalent metals such as ferric iron and aluminum. Taking account of the noticeable characteristics of these polysaccharides, 2 types of adsorption gels were prepared from orange juice residue: one is the gel which was prepared by saponificating the residue followed by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin and another is that prepared by crosslinking the residue followed by phosphorylation. The former gel exhibited excellent adsorptive separation behavior for lead away from zinc owing to high content of pectic acid while the latter gel exhibited that for uranium and thorium. Both types of adsorption gels exhibited high affinity to ferric iron, which enables selective and strong adsorption for some toxic oxo-anions of arsenic (V and III), . selenium and so on via iron loaded on these gels. These results demonstrate that biomass wastes such as orange juice residue can be effectively utilized fer the purpose of removing toxic heavy or radioactive metals existing in trace or small amounts in environments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 2012

A total of 48 dust samples were collected from large shopping mall parking lots in Daegu metropolitan city in March 2011. Samples were sieved through a 100 ${\mu}m$ mesh and the concentration of 14 elements have been determined using by ICP after acid extraction. Results showed that Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were affected by natural sources while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were affected by anthropogenic sources. The measured values were remarkably higher in components from natural sources than in components from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic trace element concentrations of ground roof dust were higher than those of ground and underground indoor dust. A large percentage of trace elements came from natural sources rather than anthropogenic sources. The percentage composition of chemicals of ground roof dust were higher than those of ground and underground indoor dust. This study showed that investigated parking lots were rarely contaminated with hazardous heavy metals. The heavy metal pollution of ground roof were higher than those of ground and underground indoors. The correlation analysis among trace elements suggest that components in ground roof were more highly correlated than those in ground and underground indoor. Also anthropogenic trace element levels were well correlated with parking lot age and parking density.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 1999

The electrolyte cathode atomic glow discharge (ELCAD) is a new plasma source for direct determination of trace heavy metals in drinking and waste water. ELCAD has been successfully developed for on-line monitoring of heavy metals, however, shows difficulty to measure mercury. In this study, ELCAD has been modified to apply the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) for the direct determination of trace elements of mercury in flowing water.The fundamental characteristics of this new types of plasma source have been investigated and found that the pH of the solution, discharge voltage, and current are most important factors.The absorbance of 1.0 ppm Hg standard solution increases as pH of the solution increases from pH 1.0 to 3.0.However, % RSD of the absorbance also increases as the pH of solution increasesdue to plasma unstability.The detection limits of the standard solution of pH 1.5 and pH 3.0 are about 40 ppb and 10 ppb level, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 1986

Heavy metal contents and residues level of organochlorine pesticides were analyzed for commercial salted and fermented sea-food which bought from pusan area. Heavy metal contents ranged from 0.11 to 0.46 ppm of mercury, trace to 1.1 ppm of lead, 0.01 to 0.34 ppm of cadmium, 0.4 to 5.98 ppm of cupper, 0.16 to 4.5 ppm of zinc, trace to 0.49 ppm of manganese and trace to 1.35 ppm of arsenic. Residue level of organochlorine pesticides in salted and fermented sea-foods ranged from 0.3 ppb to 1.825 ppb of total BHC Organochlorine pesticides of DDE, dieldrine, pp'-DDD and pp'-DDT were detected a small amount from Ge jeot and Myeol-Chi jeot. In conclusion. the heavy metal and levels of organochlorine pesticides residues were safety to eat the salted and fermented sea foods.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.337-349
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• 2015

This study has focused on investigation of correlation for As and heavy metals in paddy soil and rice crops sampled in the vicinity of the abandoned Munmyung Au-Ag mine. Soil samples extracted by various methods including aqua regia, 1 M $MgCl_2$, 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ and 0.05 M EDTA were analyzed for As and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). Rice grain samples grown on the soils were also analyzed for the same elements to evaluate the relationships between soils and rice crops. According to soil extraction methods, As and heavy metal contents in the soils were decreased in the order of aqua regia > 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ > 1 M $MgCl_2$ > 0.05 M EDTA. In addition to correlation analysis, statistically significant correlation with the four extraction methods (p<0.01) were found in the soil and rice samples. As calculation of biological accumulation coefficients (BACs) of the rice crops for As and heavy metals, the BACs for Cd, Zn and Cu were relatively higher than those for As and Pb. This study also carried out a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis to identify the dominant factors influencing metal extraction rates of the paddy soils. Furthermore, daily intakes of As and heavy metals from regularly consumed the rice grain (287 g/day) grown on the contaminated soils by the mining activities were estimated, and found that Cd and As intakes from the rice reached up to 73.7% and 51.8% for maximum allowance levels of trace elements suggested by WHO, respectively. Therefore, long-term consumption of the rice poses potential health problems to residents around the mine, although no adverse health effects have yet been observed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.495-503
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• 1999

Airborne particulate matter $(PM_{10})$ collected using high volume air sampler and silica fiber filter were analyzed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(AAS), and the results were compared with each other. 30~40 trace elements in environmental standard reference materials(NIST SRM 1648 and NIES CRM No.8) were analyzed for the analytical quality control. The relative error for two-third of elements detected was less than 10%, and the standard deviation was less than 15%. During the sampling period for 24 hours, the mass concentration of total suspended particulate was 36.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and the value is lower than the critical level in Korea. In the results of NAA, the elements of Al, As, Ba, Fe, La, Mg, Na, Sb, Zn were well agreed with those of other methods. In statistical estimation between different methods, the deviation of Al, Ba, Cr, Fe was less than 10% and quite reliable.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2020

Industrialization and urbanization are modern need and trends. Such trends affect the natural ecosystem of rivers. Indian rivers face such problems in a high ratio. The aim of this study is to investigate the cause and amount of pollution in a tributary river Krishni. Pre-monsoon sampling of Krishni river water was performed as per APHA standard. Water samples were collected from different sites of Krishni river. Physiochemical parameters as well as trace elements concentrations have been analysed and results were compared with BIS-2012, WHO-2017 and EPA-2001 recommendations. The presence of high BOD, COD, TDS and others physiochemical parameters along with heavy metals reveals that tributary is highly polluted owing to industrial and domestic discharge either directly or through drains. High values of these parameters are harmful for the ecological health of the river because it makes survival of aquatic flora and fauna at risk. On the basis of the results obtained by the present study, it was concluded that level of the pollution in river Krishni is at alarming phase, where if strong action for the rejuvenation of river not takes place, river becomes a dead pool.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

Recently, wood-framed houses has been built in the Korea for pension. Wood is good material for human healthy, while the construction lumbers are treated with preservative such as CCA (chromated copper arsenate), which contain some toxic elements for human body. However, if the waste woody biomass treated with various heavy metals, which has been collected from house construction or demolition, was fired in the field, and incinerated or landfilled after mass collection, such components will result in the toxic air pollutants in the burning or land fills, and spreaded into other areas. So the careful selection of wood and chemicals are required in advance for house construction, in particular, for environment-friendly housings. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the content of toxic heavy metals in woody materials such as domestic hinoki and imported hemlock treated with CCA for housing materials, and the post-treated wood components such as organic fertilizer, sludge, dry-distilled charcoal and carbonized charcoal, to be returned finally into soil. The results are as follows. 1) The chemical analysis of toxic trace elements in various solid biomass required accurate control and management of laboratory environment, and reagents and water used, because of the error of data due to various foreign substances added in various processing and transporting steps. So a systematic analyzers was necessary to monitor the toxic pollutants of construction materials. 2) In particular, the biomass treated with industrial biological or thermal conditions such as sludge or charcoals was not fully dissolvable after third addition of $HNO_3$ and HF. 3) The natural woody materials such as organic fertilizer, sludge. and charcoals without any treatment of preservatives or heavy metal components were nontoxic in landfill because of the standard of organic fertilizers, even after thermal or biological treatments. 4) The CC A-treated wood for making the construction wood durable should not be landfilled, because of its higher contents of toxic metals than the criterion of organic fertilizer for agriculture or of natural environment. So the demolished waste should be treated separately from municipal wastes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.149-158
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was carried out to characterize the 'Kaolinitum' used as mineral medicine before and after physical and chemical manipulation. Methods : The mineralogy of the original raw kaolinitumes with different localities was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The concentrations of major, minor and trace elements of samples, furthermore, measured by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In order to understand the variety of kaolinitum after thermal treatment, the differential thermal analysis (DTA) and the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out. Results : According to the result of X-ray diffraction analysis, the kaolinitumes are composed ofcalcite, alunite and quartz. Si and Al are the major ions and heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, As, Ni and Cu are included in the kaolinitumes as trace ions. The concentration of these metals in the samples decreased after physical and chemical manipulation. The weight of kaolinitum was also decreased at $500^{\circ}C$ and about $700^{\circ}C$during experiment of TGA. Conclusion : The results of this study can be used to provide the scientific basis of the medical usage of kaolinitum.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 2020

Eight dried ear mushroom products (three domestic and five Chinese products) distributed in Korea were analyzed for 321 residual pesticides, 7 heavy metals, and 3 types of radioactivity. Residual pesticides in the domestic products were not detected. However, chlorpyrifos, isoprocarb, mepiquat chloride, and carbendazim were detected in four Chinese products, all of which were below the allowable residual limit. Among the detected pesticide ingredients, only the residue for mepiquat chloride has been established to be present in ear mushrooms. In the heavy metal test, trace amounts of heavy metals were detected in all samples. However, none of the samples exceeded the allowable residual limits, except for one domestic sample that exceeded the standard value of 0.3 mg/kg for lead. Radioactivity tests confirmed that levels were below the minimal detectable activity value in all samples.