• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2007

We investigated physiological damages and biochemical alleviation of five species of genus Acer under ozone fumigation in order to assess their tolerant ability against ozone toxicity. At the end of 150 ppb $O_3$ fumigation, photosynthetic characteristics were measured, and chlorophyll contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed in the leaves of five maple trees (Acer buergerianum, A. ginnala, A. mono, A. palmatum, and A. palmatum var. sanguineum). The reduction of chlorophyll (chl) a in ozone-exposed plants was 16.8% (A. buergerianum) to 26.7% (A. ginnala) of control plants. For the content of chi b, A. ginnala and A. palmatum var. sanguineum represented the high reduction of 26.3% and 23.6%, respectively. The highest reduction on the chi a:b ratio was observed in the leaves of A. palmatum. The reduction of net photosynthesis in five species varied from 2.4% to 37.6%. Among five species, A. ginnala showed remarkable reduction (37.6%) for net photosynthesis in comparison with control. Carboxylation efficiency differed significantly (P < 0.05) among species and between control and ozone treatment. The reduction of carboxylation efficiency was the highest in the leaves of A. ginnala (44.7%). A. palmatum var. sanguineum showed the highest increase (41.7%) for MDA content. The highest increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity represented in A. palmatum (26.1%) and the increase of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity ranged from 16.5% (A. ginnala) to 49.1% (A. palmatum var. sanguineum). A. mono showed the highest increase (376.6%) of glutathione reductase (GR) activity under ozone fumigation and A. buergerianum also represented high increase (42.3%) of GR activity. Catalse (CAT) activity increased in the leaves of A. ginnala, A. palmatun and A. palmatum var. sanguineum under ozone exposure, whereas A. buergerianum and A. mono decreased in comparison with control plants. In conclusion, physiological markers such as chlorophyll content and photosynthesis that responded sensitively to $O_3$ in maple trees were considered as the very important indicators in order to evaluate the tolerance against $O_3$ stress, and parameters were closely related with each other. Among anti oxidative enzymes, SOD and APX might be contributed to alleviate to $O_3$ toxicity through the increase of activity in all maple trees. Therefore, these compounds can be used as a biochemical maker to assess the stress tolerance to $O_3$.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 1996

Platinum coordination complexes are currently one of the most compounds used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, its use is limited by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity. Our platinum-based drug discovery program is aimed at developing drugs capable of diminishing toxicity and broadening the clinical spectrum of activity of cisplatin. We synthesized new Pt(II) complex analogue containing 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (dach) as carrier ligand and 1,3-bis(diphenyl phosphino)propane (DPPP) as a leaving group. Furthermore, nitrate was added to improve the solubility. A new series of PC-1 [Pt(cis-dach) (DPPP)]. $2NO_3_2$ was synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis and by various spectroscopic techniques [infrared (IR), $^{13}carbon$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)]. PC-1 was demonstrated acceptable antitumor activity aganist SKOV -3, OVCAR-3 human ovarian adenocarcinomacells and significant activity as compared with that of cisplatin. The toxicity of PC-1 was found quite less than that of cisplatin using MTT, $[^3H]thymidine$ uptake and glucose consumption tests in rabbit proximal tubule cells, human kidney cortical cells and human renal cortical tissues. Based on these results, this novel platinum compound represent a valuable lead in the development of a new anticancer chemotherapeutic agent capable of improving antitumor activity and low toxicity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

CT(Sodium N-chloro-para toluenesulfonamide, Chloramine-T) known to be a strong oxidative agent was investigated to use as a candidate of disinfectant in the marine aquaculture industry by the analysis of the bactericidal activity against different aquatic microorganisms. One hundred percent mortality appeared at and above 16 ppm CT in sea water in flounder, the predominant species in the marine aquaculture of Korea, when exposed for 48hr. However, bactericidal activity was appeared to be very effective, and all different species of the fish pathogenic bacteria exposed to CT of less than 2 ppm in sea water were dead within 15 min. It allowed us to confirm that CT could be a very effective disinfectant to protect the spread of fish pathogenic bacteria derived from diseased fish or sea water in marine aquaculture. High concentration(10 ppm) with longer exposing time(24 hrs) was required for the algicidal activity of CT, at which concentration might induce the acute toxicity against fish, however, restricted the expanded use of CT for the elimination of zooplanktons at phytoplanktons in marine farms. Moreover the bactericidal activity of CT inhibited almost completely in the present of more than 10 ppm of organic materials pointed out that quality of the culturing sea water should be considered carefully for the application CT to the aquatic farms as a therapeutic agent.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.463-468
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• 2003

This study observed change of survival rate, activity and foot structure of the equilateral venus (Gomphina veneriformis) exposed to cadmium. Survival rate and activity of the clam exposed to cadmium was reduced with increase of exposure duration and concentration. Change of survival rate and activity was observed in the early exposure time (7 days) in the condition of above 1 77 mg/L and 0.88 mg/L, respectively. Activity reduction of the clam exposed to cadmium seems to be caused by epidermal layer deformation, muscle fiber fragmentation and muscular layer collapse of the foot.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 1995

Icariside II, a flavonol glycoside, was isolated from the aerial part of Epimedium Koreanum Nakai by the anti-hepatotoxic acitivity guided fractionation technique employing $CCl_4-in-toxicated$ primary cultured rat hepatocytes as an assay system. Its anti-hepatotoxic activity was evaluated by measuring activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase released from the $CCl_4-in-toxicated$ primary cultured rat hapatocytes. Icariside II significantly reduced the activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase released from the $CCl_4-in-toxicated$ primary cultured rat hepatocytes and resulted in 78% recovery of the toxicity at the concentration of $200{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$. The anti-hepatotoxic activity of icariside II on the $CCl_4-in-toxicated$ primary cultured rat hepatocytes was as potent as that of silybin.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2007

Hepatoprotective activity of different extracts of Citrullus colocynthis L. sch. (roots) (cucurbitaceae) was investigated in albino rats by inducing hepatotoxicity with carbon tetrachloride. The alcoholic extract of Citrullus colocynthis sch. 100 mg/kg b.w. has been shown to posses significant hepatoprotective effect by lowering the serum level of transaminases (GPT & GOT), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and bilirubin (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2006

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 1988

We have studied the mechanism by examing the effect of ginseng on the epoxide hydrolase which is catabolized the reactive intermetabolite of bromobenzene, and bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity. It was observed that ginseng saponin fraction protects against bromo benzene-induced hepatotoxicity in mice as evidenced 1. increased the epoxide hydrolase activity, 2. lower serum transaminase activity, 3. decreased the formation of lipid peroxide. These results suggested that the inducing effect of ginseng on the epoxide hydrolase is believed to be a possible detoxication mechanism for the bromobenzene toxicity in mice.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 1988

We have studied the mechanism by examining the effect of ginseng on the epoxide hydrolase which is catabolized the reactive intermetabolite of bromobenzene, and bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity. It was observed that ginseng saponin fraction protects against bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity in mice as evidenced 1. increased the epoxide hydrolase activity, 2. lower serum transaminase activity, 3. decreased the formation of lipid peroxide. These results suggested that the inducing effect of ginseng on the epoxide hydrolase is believed to be a possible detoxication mechanism for the bromobenzene toxicity in mice.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.317-321
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• 2003

In order to prepare a prodrug, poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate-co-methacryloyloxymethyl-5-fluorouracil) (poly(PEGM-co-MAOFU)) prodrug particles were prepared by precipitation polymerization of MAOFU and PEGM in polyacrylic acid solution. The size of prodrug particles were 0.2-0.35 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The antitumor activity of prodrugs against sarcoma-l80 tumor cell in mice was demonstrated and the polymer particles themselves showed low toxicity and good biocompatibility when they were administrated into mice.