• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.23-23
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• 2018

In this study, new titanium alloys were prepared by adding elements such as tantalum (Ta), zirconium (Zr) and the like to complement the biological, chemical and mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The Ti-40Ta-xZr ternary alloy was formed on the basis of Ti-40Ta alloy with the contents of Zr in the contents of 0, 3, 7 and 15 wt. %. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), which combines high-voltage sparks and electrochemical oxidation, is a novel method to form ceramic coatings on light metals such as Ti and its alloys. These oxide film produced by the electrochemical surface treatment is a thick and uniform porous form. It is also composed of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate-based phases, so it has the characteristics of bone inorganic, non-toxic and very high bioactivity and biocompatibility. Ti-40Ta-xZr alloys were homogenized in an Ar atmosphere at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and then quenched in ice water. The electrochemical oxide film was applied by using a power supply of 280 V for 3 minutes in 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate ($Ca(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}H_2O$) and 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate ($C_3H_7CaO_6P$) electrolyte. A small amount of 0.0075M zinc acetate and magnesium acetate were added to the electrolyte to enhance the bioactivity. The mechanical properties of the coated surface of Ti-40Ta-xZr alloys were evaluated by Vickers hardness, roughness test, and elastic modulus using nano-indentation, and the surface wettability was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of the coated surface. In addition, cell activation and differentiation were examined by cell culture of HEK 293 (Human embryonic kidney 293) cell proliferation. Surface properties of the alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), EDS, and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.4713-4716
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• 2014

알루미늄과 알루미늄 합금 제품의 고급화로 완벽한 알루미늄 용탕의 탈 가스 처리가 요구되고 있다. 탈 가스 처리를 위한 기존의 방법을 보면, 알루미늄 용탕 파우더와 약품 공급기로 이젝선하는 방법과 가스 취입 관을 사용하여 아르곤가스와 질소 또는 염소가스를 투입하는 방법 등이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 이 방법들은 작업도 어렵고, 염소와 불화물질 유해가스가 대단히 많이 발생하여 공해문제를 유발하는 문제점이 있으며 효과도 일정하지 않고, 과도한 처리시간으로 작업능률이 낮아지는 문제점도 있다. 가장 치명적인 문제점은 알루미늄 용탕과 약품의 반응으로 인한 많은 양의 찌꺼기의 생성과 더불어 금속의 손실 및 내화재의 수명감소를 야기하는 것이다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 기존에 알루미늄 연속제조를 위해 6단계 공정을 거처야 생산이 가능했던 부분을 이번에 개발한 3가지 공정만으로도 생산이 가능하게 알루미늄 연속 주조의 용탕과 탈 가스 장치의 일체화에 통한 기술을 개발에 관한 연구이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2000

PM10, which is below 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in a diameter, has a high deposition in the lung or the bronchus by breathing and is generally composed of a lot of organic matters, viruses, algae, mold, and metallic elements that are very toxic to people. This study identified the characteristics of concentration of PM10 and air-borne jmetallic elements produced in the industrial city, Ulsan, and analyzed the correlatuion between sources and generation patterns of PM10 and metallic elements. We classified the five areas(green, residential, heavy traffic, mechanic, and petrochemcal and non-ferrous metal) which might have different characteristics of sources of PM10 and metallic elements. The average concentrations of PM10 in the five areas were as follows(petrochemical and non-ferrous metal(99.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>mechanic(77.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>heavy traffic(47.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>residential(39.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>green(32.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)). Those of petrochemical and non-ferrous metal areas were higher than other areas. In this study, the average concentration trend of metallic elements contained in PM10 are shown as follows: Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu>Mn>Cr>As>Cd>Sn>Hg, respectively. The metallic elements identified in PM10 showed the highest concentration in the petrochemical and non-ferrous areas. Metal combinations showed that a high correlation among concentrations of heavy metals were as follows: As, Cd and Fe in the residential area; Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb in the mechanical area; and Zn, Cu, As, Pb in the petrochemical and non-ferrous industrial area.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2000

This study is conducted in order to find more improved solidifying effects than the former converter slag solidification technology. The converter slag is used as a solidifying agent, and the quick lime and the gypsum are used as solidifying aids. Several tests are performed for the purpose of investigating the solidifying effects and the applicability of the solidified sludge as a daily or intermediate landfill cover. The unconfined uniaxial compressive strength, pH and leaching of heavy metal are investigated. In the case of using both quick lime and gypsum as solidifying aids, the compressive strength of specimen has significantly increased that of specimen which used quick lime only. The compressive strength of each specimen cured for 7 days which is mixed with quick lime and gypsum as mixing ratios 7:1, 5:1 and 3:1 are $0.59kg/cm^2$, $1.18kg/cm^2$, and $1.25kg/cm^2$, respectively. The results of all the leaching tests of specimen cured for 7 days show that the concentrations of leachate heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd and $Cr^{6+}$) are lower than the Korea toxic waste criteria. The microstructure analysis by SEM shows that needlelike crystals appear as the solidification proceed. The analysis of these crystals by EDS confirms that these main components are Ca. Si etc. Also, XRD analysis shows that the main solidification products are CSH and Ettringite; in addition, $Ca(OH)_2$ CAH are observed. When the added gypsum is used as a solidifying aid, more improved solidifying effects are obtained and the solidified sludge may be appropriately used as a daily or intermediate landfill cover.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2002

금속 이온 환훤 세균에 의한 철(III)환원은 생물지구화학적 물질순환(biogeochemical cycle)에 무척 중요하다. 이는 크롬(Ⅵ)이나 우라늄(Ⅵ)과 같은 독성 중금속 물질의 환원과 유기물질의 산화에 모텔이 되기 때문이다. 총 37균주의 Fe (III)환원 세균을 소양호와 천호지의 저질토에서 각각 분리하였다. 두 정점 중 초기 Fe (II)의 함유량이 가장 높았던 것은 소양호의 저질토였으나 Fe (III)환훤능은 반대로 가장 낮은 Fe (II)함유량을 보여 주었던 천호지가 높게 나타났다. 또한 분리한 균주 중 천호지에서 분리한 균주 C2와 C3가 가장 높은 Fe (III) 환훤능을 보여 주었으며 이 균주를 이용하여 다양한 전자 공여체의 이용 여부를 실험하였다. Glucose, yeast extract, acetate, ethanol, toluene등을 이용하여 실험한 결과 두 균주 모두 glucose와 yeast extract만을 전자 공여체로 이용하였다. 또한 전자 수용체로 토양에 광범위하게 존재하는 humid acid와 nitrate를 이용하였으며 수율이 높은 nitrate reduction에 의해 환원되었던 humic acid가 다시 재 산화되는 것을 관촬할수 있었다. 활성능이 우수한 균주 C2와C3의 165S rRNA유전자 분석 결과에 의하면 Aeromonas hydrophila와 95%의 유사성을 보여주었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권1호통권69호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Background : There has been renewed interest in complementary alternative medicine around the world far a decade. On the other hand, the issue of safety of herbal medicine in Korea has been continuously questioned. Issues raised have included not only chemical residue or heavy metals caused by pollution, but also the toxicity of herbal medicine itself. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to review some herbal medicines subject to controversy of toxicity and figure out what kind of problems they evidence. Methods : In this review, PubMed was used to search medical journals. Keywords such as 'herb, or herbal medicine', 'safety, or adverse events, or adverse effect, or toxicity, or liver injury' were applied. Journals were selected by four inclusion criteria, as objectives should be human, researchers should be medical doctors, literature written in the English language, and types of journals should be meta-analysis or practice guideline or reviews. Finally, 9 cases from 60 journals were included in this review. Results : We reviewed 13 herbal medicines for controversy of toxicity such as ephedra(Mahuang), Arisolochia fangchi, Aristolochia manshuriensis, licorice, skullcap , germander, Syo-saiko-to(Xiao-chai-hu-tang), Chelidonium majus, mistletoe, Dictamnus dasycarpus and madder. Conclusions : It suggested that 'who it is prescribed for' is one of the most important factors to identify the causes of toxicity in herbal medicine and dietary supplements, under specific conditions in Korea.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1994

식육자원으로서 야생조류인 꿩과 청둥오리고기의 식품안전성에 관하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 꿩과 청둥오리의 소장, 맹장과 직장에 대한 식중독균 검사에서, Salmonella속균 등 본 실험에서 검사한 3종의 식중독균은 모두 검출되지 않았다. 2. 꿩과 청둥오리의 혈액, 분, 소화기관 및 흉강장기에 대한 기생충검사에서 기생충은 발견되지 않았다. 3. 꿩과 청둥오리의 도체 근육에 대한 디스크 간이법에 의한 항생물질의 잔류검사에서, 모든 시료는 음성반응을 보였다. 4. 꿩과 청둥오리의 근육 및 간에 대한 DDT, BHT 등 7종의 농약 잔류검사에서, 모든 시료는 음성반응을 보였다. 5. 꿩과 청둥오리의 간, 근육 및 혈액에 대한 Cd 등 4종의 독성 중금속 검사에서 그 잔류량은 허용기준 이하였다. 이상의 꿩과 청둥오리에 대한 식품 안전성 검사 결과, 이들의 고기가 인체에 미치는 직접적인 위험도는 매우 낮을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Organic amendments such as animal waste compost, lime-bordeaux mixture, and lime sulphur mixture contain heavy metal(loid)s which are toxic to human being, animal, and plant. The objective of this study was to compare heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil between conventional and organic farm. Soil samples were collected from 10 conventional and 38 organic fruit farms. At each sampling point, top (0~15 cm) and sub soil (15~30 cm) were taken using hand auger. Total concentration for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the collected soil were measured. The pollution index (PI) for heavy metal in organic farms indicated it was unpolluted area. However, mean value of PI for organic farms (0.143) was higher than that for conventional farms (0.122). High Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for Cu, Pb, and Zn implied that grape farms were more polluted than others fruit farms because a lot of lime-bordeaux mixture and lime sulphur were applied in organic grape farms. Especially, top soils showed higher level of contamination than sub soil. Based on the above results, organic amendments might cause accumulation of heavy metals in soil. Therefore, particular attention should be paid for concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn, when organic amendments are used in the organic fruit farms.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1992

The inhibitory effects of mercury ions on the growth of barley seedlings were studied and the distribution of metal elements in the organs of treated plants was investigated by using synchrotron radiation induced X-ray emission (SRIXE). Although the treatment of mercury ions caused growth inhibition, the mercury-specific increase in variable fluorescence and the abolishment of energy-dependent quenching in broken barley chloroplasts as shown by Moon et at. (1992) were not observed in the leaves of growth-inhibited seedlings. Instead the treatment of mercury decreased Fmax and Fo values. However, Fmax/Fo ratio and photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching coefficients were not affected significantly. By SRIXE analysis of $10\mu\textrm{m}$ mercury chloride treated seedlings, accumulation of mercury in roots was observed after 1 hour of treatment and similar concentration was sustained for 48 hours. Relative contents of mercury was high in roots and underground nodes where seeds were attachedl but was very low in leaves. Iron and zinc were also distributed mainly in the lower parts of the seedlings. However after 72 hours of treatment the contents of these metals in roots decreased and their distribution became more uniform, which may lead to death of the plants. These results suggest that the observed inhibitory effects on barley seedlings upto 48 hours after the treatment is not due to direct damages in the photosynthetic apparatus, but due to its accumulation in roots and the consequent retardation of the growth of barley seedlings. The decrease in Fmax and Fo is probably due to the decrease in chlorophyll and protein contents caused by the retardation of growth. The observed slow expansion of primary leaves could be also explained by the retardation of growth, but the fluorescence induction pattern from the leaves did not show characteristic symptoms of leaves under water stress.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 2014

기록물들은 정보전달을 위한 수단일 뿐만 아니라, 역사적 문화적으로 매우 중요한 가치를 지니고 있어 각각의 기록매체에 적합한 보존대책을 수립하고 적용해야만 한다. 특히 종이기록물은 시간이 지나면 생물손상 및 화학적인 반응에 의해 열화가 진행되며, 안전한 보존을 위해서 탈산 및 살균기능 처리를 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 종이기록물의 효과적인 보존처리를 위하여 15~30nm 크기의 나노산화아연(ZnO)과 나노산화마그네슘(MgO)을 합성하였다. 합성한 나노화합물들을 종이기록물에 적용한 결과, 탈산효과와 항균효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 합성된 나노화합물들은 구성성분이 100%(Pb, Cd, As 비검출)에 가까워 종이기록물에 탈산처리한 후 중금속으로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 기록물의 훼손이 없을 것으로 판단된다.