• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 산출실험을 통해 발화속도와 한국어의 분절음의 지속시간 및 포만트 특성과의 관계와 모음의 지속시간과 포만트 간의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 빠른 발화일수록 음절 및 자음과 모음의 지속시간은 짧게 나타났으며 대부분의 화자에서 폐쇄음의 폐쇄구간 대 기식구간의 비율이나 한 음절 내의 모음 대 자음 지속시간의 비율은 발화속도의 영향을 받지 않는 반면 일부 화자들은 발화속도의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 발화속도의 영향을 받는 화자들에서 폐쇄음의 경우 폐쇄구간이 기식구간보다 영향을 더 받으며 음절의 경우 모음이 자음보다 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 발화속도와 모음의 포만트값과의 관계 분석 결과 발화속도가 모음약화에 영향을 미치는 정도가 화자간에 차이를 보였으며 이는 화자마다 모음의 포만트값 구현에 관하여 다른 발화기재를 이용하고 있다는 것을 간접적으로 시사해주는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 발화속도의 증가에 따라 조음기관의 움직임의 속도를 증가시키는 화자가 있는 반면 발화속도의 변화에 관계없이 일정한 속도를 유지하는 화자가 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2010

Salt is a vital inorganic substance to human body and is seasoning in food. It is an absolute alternating factor on fermented food. What's more, in the oriental medicine, it is widely used to raise the pharmacological effect as a component of a prescription when processing a medicine, and when taking the medicine. Though, Importance of salt is often unaware and it is not used in the right way. focusing on "東醫寶鑑 內景篇 Donguibogam-Naegyeong" I categorized the methods of salt's prescription, dose, processing, seasoning, etc. The contents were compared and studied as well. When salt is used as a medicine, It is used as a main medicine, complimentary(aid) medicine, Jjim-Jil(hot towel or bath etc), vomiting medicine and gargling water. when taking the salt water with other medicine, depending on the type of the medicine, boiled salt water, warm alcohol or salt water, mixing powder medicine with salt water etc The methods are diverse. The reason to process medicine with salt or salt water is to bring the pharmacological Qi(energy) down to increase remedial value. When processing a medicine, kneading dough with salt water and the case using food ingredient as medicine salt was used as seasoning. Kneaded mud with salt were used to cover medicine or on the outer surface. This proves that it prevents the dryness and helps the medicine cooked even. Like this, salt is vital and highly-valued medicine in the oriental medicine. learning the right method of using salt and if it were used properly It is considered that it would increase the Pharmacological effect.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.447-451
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• 2019

본 연구는 일상생활 속 개인적 특성에 따른 안경렌즈 흠집과 교체주기를 조사해 보고자 하였다. 본 연구에 자발적으로 참여한 58명을 연구대상자로 하였으며, 안경착용 시 속눈썹의 안경렌즈 접촉 여부, 1일 안경렌즈 닦는 횟수, 안경렌즈를 닦는 종류에 따른 안경렌즈 교체주기를 분석하였다. 통계분석은 X² 검정과 Fisher의 정확도 검정을 하였다. 안경렌즈의 평균 교체주기는 남자보다 여자가 긴 것으로 나타났으며, 속눈썹이 안경렌즈에 접촉되는 경우, 안경수건이 아닌 휴지나 옷 등을 사용하여 안경렌즈를 닦는 경우에 안경렌즈 교체주기가 유의하게 짧게 나타났다. 안경렌즈의 코팅막은 속눈썹이나 일상생활 속의 사소한 부주의등과 같이 융복합적 영향으로 손상이 발생할 수 있다는 것을 확인한 바, 이 결과에 대한 후속연구를 이어가고자 한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability of crabyon fiber contained cotton towels after dyeing with gallut. In this study, the colorants of gallnut were extracted with boiling water at 60℃ and 60min. Crabyon, composite fiber of Chitin/Chitosan and cellulose, is manufactured by uniformly blending Chitin/Chitosan and cellulose viscose and extruding the blended viscose into spin-bath. Cotton towels with crabyon fiber dyed with extracted solution from gallnut according to concentration, temperature and time. Crabyon fiber contained cotton towels dyed using gallnut were pre of post-mordanted using Al, Cu, and Fe. The dyeability(K/S) and color characteristics(L^*, a^*, b^*, C, and h(color angle)) of dyed crabyon fiber contained cotton towels were measured by computer color matching machine and photographs. The crabyon fiber composition of cotton towels was conformed by amide peak(-CONH-) of chitin or chitosan of FT-IR spectroscopy. The results obtained were as follows; The amide peak of crabyon fiber contained cotton towels appeared at about 1652 cm⁻¹. The dyeability of crabyon fiber contained cotton towel was increased gradually with increasing concentration of gallnut dyeing solution and saturated at about 150%(o.w.f). The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90~100℃ and 80minutes expectively. The crabyon fiber contained cotton towels were dyed reddish yellow by non, Al, and Cu mordanting, reddish blue by Fe mordanting, respectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of gallnut in and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 3~4 degree in all conditions.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.995-1005
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• 1999

Staphylococcus aureus is one of most prevalent intramammary pathogens and have characteristics which are not easily eradicated. Recently, to understand the sources and transmission of S aureus, many studies have focused on the subtyping of field isolate. This study was preformed to investigate the distribution pattern and characteristics of the isolates using phenotyping and genotyping. Samples were collected from milk of each udder, cow bodies (perianal region, vagina, tail, udder skin, sole) and environment (floor, liner, milker's hands, water, towel, insect) from 6 herds located in Kyung-gi province. Forty five strains of S aureus were isolated from 3 dairy herds (A, B, C) and were typed by hemolytic pattern, antibiotic resistant pattern, enterotoxin typing and PCR-based DNA fingerprinting. Slime productivity was also compared by each subtype to examine potential infectiousness. Of 45 strains, 41 were isolated from milk samples and 4 were isolated from liners. No strains isolated in the bodies and environment. Forty five strains isolated were classified as 18 subtypes by phenotyping and genotyping. There was common subtype between A and B herd, but the subtype of C herd showed different pattern. Among predominant subtypes, 60% of S aureus strain isolated from A and B herd showed subtype I and 50% of S aureus strain isolated from C herd belonged to subtype VI and X II. Neither somatic cell count (SCC) nor slime production was significantly different between predominant and minor subtypes. In summary, the study revealed that liners play more important roles in the mode of transmission than environmental sources. Several subtypes can be found in a herd, only a few subtype, however, was largely associated with the majority of infection.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of three factors - children's age, sex and parental feeding styles - on children's self-help skills. The subjects were 213 children and their parents who lived in Kwanak-ku, Seoul. The three-way analysis of variance was employed. The main results were as follows: 1. Children's autonomy was varied significantly according to their sex. Girls do better by themselves than boys do in toileting, washing and drying hands, putting on and buttoning up a coat, putting on clothes, washing and drying their faces. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to age. A majority of the autonomy subsets increased as the children's ages increased. However, drying their hands with a towel, removing their coats, and drinking water did not vary by age. 2. Children's autonomy also varied significantly according to their parents' feeding style. A responsive feeding style encouraged children to drink water by themselves. 3. The group with the highest score in self-help skills in toileting was 6-year-old girls, and the group with the lowest score was 3-year-old boys. Additionally, the groups with the highest scores in toileting were 4-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritative feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style, 3-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a responsive feeding style and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style. Conversely, the groups with the lowest scores in toileting were 3-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style, 5-year-old girls whose parents demonstrated a neglective feeding style, and 3-year-old and 6-year-old boys whose parents demonstrated an authoritarian feeding style. 4. The group with the highest score in removing their coats was girls whose parnets demonstrated authoritative, responsive or neglective feeding styles. The group with the lowest score in removing their coats was boys whose parents demonstrated authoritative or neglective feeding styles.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2006

In this work, the adsorptive and desorptive behavior of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) was investigated using the combination of the Peltier cooling (PC)/thermal desorption (TD) unit with the gas chromatographic (GC) detection technique. To examine the adsorptive characteristics of RSC on clothing materials, a total of nine experiments were conducted in a stepwise manner. Once small towel pieces are exposed to significant quantities of RSC standards with high concentrations (10 ppm), the desoprtion stage was then induced by deloading RSC with ultrapure $N_2$ at three different flow rates (FR) of 20, 40, and 60 mL/min. At each FR, the total deloading volume of 400, 800, and 1,600 mL were maintained. These results were then compared in terms of odoring efficiency by dividing the total amount of desorption with the total amount used for exposition or RSC loading. The results indicated that desorption reaction of certain compounds ($CH_3SH$ and DMS) can be influenced significantly with the reducing FR, while they are not affected directly by the total deloading volume. In addition, when the extent of adsorption was compared for most S compounds by the odoring efficiency term, the extent of absorption generally occurred at approximately 1/1000 level of original exposition.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.524-534
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• 2004

Statement of problem: The meaning of the beauty has a little different nature according to a time, culture, and nation. Purpose : This study was undertaken to estimate the geometric esthetic criteria for Korean woman by analysis of facial photograph in a smiling. Material and methods: The facial photographs of 678 Korean beautiful woman were collected from Miss Korea candidates(from 1971 to 2003 year). The dento-facial composition was measured and analyzed geometrically on computer monitor using $Adobe^{(R)}$ $Photoshop^{(R)}$ 7.0. The statistical significance of the differences among the 4 decade groups was estimated by a $x^2$ test. Result : The Korean beautiful woman skewed the geometric characteristics such as the 'coincidence' (83.0%) between facial midline and dental midline, the 'normal' (96.9%) alignment and arrangement of upper anterior teeth. the 'average' (79.1%) position and 'upward' (53.4%) curvature of upper lip, the 'parallel' (85.7%) relationship between the lower lip and upper anterior incisal curvature, the 'touching' (49.9%) and 'not-touching' (44.8%) relationship between upper anterior incisor and towel lip, the 'first premolar' (54.1%) and 'second premolar' (38.9%) displayed in a smile, and the 'symmetry' (89.4%) of smile. There was statistical significance among the 4 decades in the respect of the upper lip curvature, the relationship between upper anterior incisor and lower lip, and the most posterior teeth displayed in a smile (p<0.05). Conclusion : The Korean beautiful woman showed similar results to the western esthetic criteria in the some respects and the tendency that the Korean woman had more active smiling recently.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2015

Softness is considered one of the most important attributes of hygiene paper such as tissue and towel. Being subjective in nature, however, softness attribute has been generally believed to be impossible to evaluate using objective methods. Hallmark in his pioneering work proposed that tissue subjective softness should be mainly consisted of the bulk softness component and surface softness component. The bulk softness component can be determined by tensile stiffness; the surface softness component by surface tester. The surface friction turns out far more important than the surface roughness in determining the surface softness component. It cannot be too much emphasized that both results of the tensile stiffness and the surface friction should depend on measuring conditions such as an instrument used, sample sizes (e.g., basis weight, length, and width) and operating conditions of the instrument (e.g., gauge length, cross-head speed, size of stylus, and its scanning speed). This indicates that a direct comparison of the test results would be impossible or misleading unless they have been tested under the identical conditions. This may explain why the standard objective test method for tissue softness has not been available at present.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.58-61
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• 2000

묵은 파와 시금치 종자에 저선량 ${\gamma}$선을 조사하여 종자 발아율과 발아종자의 생리활성 변화를 관찰하였다. 시금치 종자의 발아율은 대조구에 비해 저선량 조사구에서 증가하는 경향을 보였고 특히 2 Gy와 1 Gy에서 효과적이였으나 파종자에서는 1 Gy 조사구만이 대조구에 비해 높은 발아율을 보였다. 저선량 ${\gamma}$선이 조사된 파와 시금치종자의 ion leakage 조사에서는 대조구에 비해 저선량 ${\gamma}$선 조사구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 이는 특히 배양 초기 단계에서 뚜렸하였다. 전분 분해 또한 ${\gamma}$선 조사에 의해 촉진되었고 저선량의 γ선은 glutamic acid의 decarboxylation 으로 인해 종자의 활력을 유지하는 잇점이 있는 것으로 나타났다.