• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

Purpose - With the improvement of people's living standards, traveling abroad has become a common way for people to release the pressure of life and work. In economics, this kind of way can affect the international trade. Because of this background, this paper sets BRICS countries as an example to explore the impact of cross-border tourism on bilateral trade. Research design, data, and Methodology - The annual time series data sets form 1998 to 2016 are used to perform an empirical analysis under a series of econometric approaches such as the Phillips-Perron test and the Engle-Granger two-step test. In this paper, the cross-border tourism and the bilateral trade will be used to conduct an empirical analysis based on the econometric approaches to analyze the impact of cross-border tourism on bilateral trade. Results - The finding of this paper show that there is a long-run relationship between cross-border tourism and bilateral trade in this sample. Moreover, the cross-border tourism is the Granger causality of bilateral trade. Namely, the cross-border tourism can promote the development of bilateral trade. Conclusions - In short, the evidences that this paper presents show that the cross-border tourism is a driving factor that impacts the bilateral trade in the sample of BRICS countries.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.101-122
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• 2023

Purpose - Acknowledging the limitations of the widely-used concept of destination image, this study proposes the concept of tourism image using trade in tourism service on the basis of Leiper's (1990) tourism system. This new concept incorporates an image formed from South Koreans focusing on the tourist holistic experience relevant to the United States based on the tourist rather than the tourism destination. Design/methodology - A convergent parallel mixed-methods study design constituted the concept, which emerges from the analysis of narratives and quantitative examinations of South Koreans focusing on tourism experience to the United States. Findings - The study considers the following aspects in addition to destination image: first, images formed outside the destination, e.g., in the tourist generating region and the transit region; second, non-hedonic images, which are a part of the tourist experience despite not directly involving a visit to the tourist attractions; and third, non-service-driven elements, such as co-created destination images formed from interaction with residents and fellow tourists. Originality/value - The tourism image concept allows consideration of aspects that have been overlooked in destination image studies yet may affect the image of the tourism experience.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to develop two medical tourism system models which explain medical tourism phenomenon with a systemic approach. Design/methodology - This research was conducted by using a qualitative data analysis which mainly refers to previous references of medical tourism in the areas of tourism and medicine. Leiper's tourism system model was utilized as a conceptual framework. In-depth interviews with experts in the field were conducted in order to pretest the models. Findings - This research suggests a medical tourism system framework and a medical service provision framework. The first model presents medical tourism components and their relationships within a framework presented in a diagram. The second model shows the relationships among medical services required by medical tourists, the service providers, and service human resources along with movements of medical tourists. Originality/value - The first model presents a spatial composition of medical tourism components and their relationships, whereas the second model shows the linkage among medical services, the service providers, and relevant service human resources along with time sequential steps of medical tourists. These two models are complementary and may be used as useful tools to observe medical tourism phenomenon with a systemic and holistic approach. These two models may enable stake holders avoid unnecessary confusions and conflicts that result in duplication of government policies and a waste of budget and human resources.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2024

Purpose: This paper is designed to deliver a deeper understanding of the implications of digitalization strategies in the tourism industry, exploring the opportunities and challenges in South Korea. Research design, data and methodology: To identify effective strategies, an integrated approach is employed in the research that encompasses the Glocal RPM analysis and SANEL HERMES model, as well as the examination of digital tourism factors within the DIANA economy. The data used for this study were derived from multiple sources, including literature review, participation interview, tourist survey and expert questionnaire. By conducting a tourist survey using questionnaires in this research, Glocal RPM and SANEL HERMES hybrid method is used identifying and classifying influencing factors limiting digitalization in tourism. As a final step, experts use a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix to propose, assess, and rank a number of digitalization strategies. Results: According to the analysis, the study revealed that combining both tools contributes to a more holistic understanding of the environment, uncovering the positives and negatives from diverse perspectives. The average satisfaction percentage of experts was determined to be 38%, indicating anatal level of digitalization for tourism industry in South Korea. Conclusions: These results can serve as a valuable guide for policymakers and stakeholders in formulating targeted strategies to enhance glocalization, rationality, professionalism, and morality within the digitalization context.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-67
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• 2006

The study is aimed to analyze the influence of FTA(Free Trade Agreement) between Korea and Japan on tourism and to suggest ways to increase tourists exchange between them by considering countermeasures of Korea's tourism based on the analysis and deriving political significance. The results of the study showed that the expected effects of FTA between Korea and Japan on tourism would overall be positive. There would be increases in employment and a higher rate of foreign-exchange earning, which plays a critical role in the cash flow. Therefore the government is required to prepare for several political measures as follows. First, ways to promote investment in tourism have to be established in a systematic way for FTA. Second, restructuring of tourism has to be considered seriously for tourism to be a high value-added industry after FTA. Third, the tourism information industry needs to be included in the tourism promotion act to promote e-tourism using information technology. In addition to this, an expansive cluster strategy needs to be developed, which relates tourism to other industries like culture and movies and to find ways to re-locate and re-educate manpower currently engaged in the tourism industry. Though the study investigated the influence of FTA on tourism through a practical analysis, it was restricted only to Korea. So the influence of FTA between Korea and Japan on the tourism of Japan should be included in further study. Furthermore, in subsequent studies the CGE(Computable General Equilibrium) model will be applied for objective analysis of the effects. Or measuring the ripple effect with multinational inter-industry relation table will be made for the study to make practical contributions to the development of government policy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.693-702
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• 2020

The present study aims to investigate the impact of tourism growth on human development in Indian economy. For this purpose, the study uses annual data from 1980 to 2018 and utilizes two proxies for tourism growth - tourism receipt and tourist arrivals - and uses human development index calculated by UNDP. The study uses control variables such as government expenditure and trade openness. The study employs auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the cointegrating relationship among the variables in the model. Further, the study also explores the causal nexus between tourism sector and human development by using the Toda-Yamamoto Granger non-causality test. The result of ARDL bounds test reveals the existence of cointegrating relationship between human development indicators, government expenditure, trade openness, and tourism sector growth. The cointegating coefficient confirms a positive and significant relationship between tourism sector growth and human development in India. The causality result suggests that economic growth and tourism have a positive impact while trade openness has a negative impact on human development in India. The major findings of this study suggest that tourism plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Indian economy in recent years and the country must develop this sector to achieve sustainable development.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.8-16
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• 2021

The tourism industry is influenced by a large number of factors that affect the development scenarios of the tourism in different ways. At the same time, tourism is an important component of the national economy of any state, forms its image, investment attractiveness, is a source of income and a stimulus for business development. The aim of the article is to conduct an empirical study to identify the importance of cognitive determinants in the development of tourism. The study used general and special methods: systems analysis, synthesis, grouping, systematization, cognitive modeling, cognitive map, pulse method, predictive extrapolation. Target factors, indicators, and control factors influencing the development of tourism in Ukraine are determined and a cognitive model is built, which graphically reflects the nature of the influence of these factors. Four main scenarios of the Ukrainian tourism industry are established on the basis of creating a matrix of adjacency of an oriented graph and forecast modeling based on a scenario approach. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their use to forecast the prospects of tourism development in Ukraine, the definition of state policy to support the industry that will promote international and domestic tourism.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.579-595
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• 2008

Medical tourism is a contemporary phenomenon which has its roots in both tourism and health care industry. This market has grown significantly' for the last 10 years. The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies to develop medical tourism in Korea by studying cases of the medical tourism developed countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, India, Thailand as well as analysis medical tourists who has visited to H university hospital. In total of 254 medical tourists were analysed and the results of the study are followed: Korean government need to appease medical law to be able to attract more medical tourists; medical industry and tourism industry need to develop Korean specialized medical tourism package, Middle-Eastern markets, where the oil money exists, should be developed.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2005

The WTO(World Trade Organization) meetings for service negotiations started in February in 2000. Since then, the member countries have discussed the tourism sector and their expectations and methods of liberalization, based on the proposals they have submitted. The Republic of Korea had already opened hotels and restaurants, travel agencies and tour operator services, and tourist guide services, preceding of WTO service negotiations. However, to comply with the terms of the negotiations, the domestic laws and systems related to tourism should be analyzed according to their adherence to the principles of GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services), which include market access and national treatment. Thus, the purposes of this study were two-fold: first, regarding the two basic principles of GATS(market access and national treatment), the articles of the administrative laws relating to tourism were examined. Second, proposals from the tourism sectors in the US, Canada, Dominique, EC, Switzerland, and Japan were also summarized and reviewed. Proper responses to service negotiations were proposed based on the results of this analysis. As a result, I can support the GATS classification(w/120) of tourism and the liberalization of tourism in other WTO member countries. I can also support the elimination of obstacles such as economic need tests and nationality requirement. 'Others' category should be considered more carefully according to the competitiveness of the given industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2014

The coffee industry has grown very fast ever since international coffee brands were launched in the 1990's. Recently, consumers have begun to focus on coffee produced ethically. This phenomenon is due to ethical-consumption consciousness, which consists of three factors, emotional value, social value and function value. Most studies on this topic have focused on consumers who purchase fair-trade coffee. Thus, this study is novel in its focus on baristas who sell fairtrade coffee in their shops as well as differences from former studies. The three factors of ethical-consumption consciousness of baristas affected the sale of fair-trade coffee, except for the function value. Therefore, the sale of fair-trade coffee could be influenced by ethical-consumption consciousness of baristas. This study shows that education of baristas can promote the sale of fair-trade coffee. However, there are limitations as it only researched coffee brands ranked in the top 5, so further studies will be required in the future.