• Computers and Concrete
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-167
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• 2013

The complete stress-strain behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete in compression is needed for the analysis and design of structures. An experimental investigation was carried out to generate the complete stress-strain curve of high-performance steel fiber reinforced concrete (HPSFRC) with a strength range of 52-80 MPa. The variation in concrete strength was achieved by varying the water-to-cementitious materials ratio of 0.40-0.25 and steel fiber content (Vf = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% with l/d = 80 and 55) in terms of fiber reinforcing parameter, at 10% silica fume replacement. The effects of these parameters on the shape of stress-strain curves are presented. Based on the test data, a simple model is proposed to generate the complete stress-strain relationship for HPSFRC. The proposed model has been found to give good correlation with the stress-strain curves generated experimentally. Inclusion of fibers into HPC improved the ductility considerably. Equations to quantify the effect of fibers on compressive strength, strain at peak stress and toughness of concrete in terms of fiber reinforcing index are also proposed, which predicted the test data quite accurately. Compressive strength prediction model was validated with the strength data of earlier researchers with an absolute variation of 2.1%.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.221-228
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• 2003

The stress corrosion index of Kumamoto andesite are evaluated by two types of testing method. One is the uniaxial compression test under various water vapor pressures, and the other is the double torsion (DT) test under a constant water vapor pressure. For the uniaxial compression tests, the uniaxial compressive strength increases linearly with decreasing water vapor pressure on the double logarithmic coordinates. As the results, the stress corrosion index obtained is estimated 44. On the other hand, in the DT test, the relaxation (RLX) test and the constant displacement rate (CDR) test were conducted. For the CDR test, as the displacement rate of loading point increases, the crack velocity increases. However, the fracture toughness is constant regardless of the change in displacement rate and the average fracture toughness is evaluated $2.07MN/m^{3/2}$. For the RLX test, the crack velocity-stress intensity factor curves are smooth and linear. The stress corrosion index estimated from the curves is 37. Comparing stress corrosion indexes in the uniaxial compression test and the DT test, there is no significant difference in these values, and they are considered to be in coincident each other regardless of testing methods. Therefore, it is concluded that stress corrosion is one of material constants of rock.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

A 5-20 cm thick shocrete has been routinely constructed for NATM tunneling method to stabilize and confine the excavated rock of tunnel construction site. A $40kg/m^3$ of steel fibers are usually mixed into such shotcrete but these steel fibers may not be evenly distributed depending on shotcrete machines, mixing ratios and excavated rock conditions. In this study, square column shotcrete-mimicked concrete specimens of $15cm{\times}15cm{\times}55cm$ were prepared with 5 equal layers and 5 or 20% cement ratio. The specimens were prepared with different reinforced-patterns: non-reinforced, middle layer-reinforced, 1, 3, and 5 layers-reinforced, or all layers reinforced. The specimens were air-cured for 7 days and tested for flexural strength. The influence of steel-fiber distribution on flexural strength and toughness of shotcrete-mimicked concrete specimens was investigated. In the case of a specimen with cement ratio of 20%, a flexural strength increased as a number of fiber-reinforced layer increased. The flexural strength of one-layer reinforced specimen showed 20% less than that of evenly fiber-distributed specimen. On the other hand, a specimen with cement ratio of 5% decreased as the number of fiber-reinforced layers increased. A toughness index increased as the number of fiber-reinforced layers increased, regardless of cement ratios. The toughness index of evenly fiber-distributed specimen showed 2-3 times as large as that of one-layer reinforced specimen.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2000

Applicability of crack arrest load measured from the Charpy V-notch impact test has been investigated to predict the fracture toughness of nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels (ASME SA508 Cl.3). The temperature dependence of the crack arrest load was well described by the type of exponential function characterized by an index temperature at which the crack arrest load is 2kN. The specific index temperature, which also well correlated with $T_{NDT}\;and\;T_{41J}$ is expected to be representative index temperature characterizing the crack arrest fracture toughness of RPV steels. Also, the crack arrest load correlated well with the stable crack length measured from the fracture surface. From the measurements of the crack arrest load and the stable crack length, the lower bound fracture toughness, $K_{Ia}$ of RPV steels could be predicted with sufficient accuracy.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.207-220
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• 2007

In this paper, hybrid fibers including high elastic modulus steel fiber and low elastic modulus synthetic macro-fiber (HPP) as two elements were used as reinforcement materials in concrete. The flexural toughness, flexural impact and fracture performance of the composites were investigated systematically. Flexural impact strength was analyzed with statistic analyses method; based on ASTM and JSCE method, an improved flexural toughness evaluating method suitable for concrete with synthetic macro-fiber was proposed herein. The experimental results showed that when the total fiber volume fractions ($V_f^a$) were kept as a constant ($V_f^a=1.5%$), compared with single type of steel or HPP fibers, hybrid fibers can significantly improve the toughness, flexural impact life and fracture properties of concrete. Relative residual strength RSI', impact ductile index ${\lambda}$ and fracture energy $G_F$ of concrete combined with hybrid fibers were respectively 66-80%, 5-12 and 121-137 N/m, which indicated that the synergistic effects (or combined effects) between steel fiber and synthetic macro-fiber were good.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.05b
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• pp.129-136
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• 1997

The automated ball indentation(ABI) test was utilized to develop a semi-nondestructive method for estimating the fracture toughness( $K_{JC}$ ) in the transition temperature range. The key concept of the method is that the indentation deformation energy to the load at which the mean ball-specimen contact pressure reaches the fracture stress is related to the fracture energy of the material. ABI tests were performed for the reactor pressure vessel(RPV) base and weld metals at the temperatures of-15$0^{\circ}C$~$0^{\circ}C$ and the fracture toughness (estimated $K_{JC}$ ) was calculated from the indentation load-depth data. For all steels the temperature dependence of the estimated fracture toughness was almost the same as that ASTM $K_{JC}$ master curve The reference temperatures( $T_{o}$)of the steels were determined form the estimated $K_{JC}$ versus temperature curves. The reference temperature was well correlated with the index temperature of 41J Charpy impact energy( $T_{41J}$).).).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.2 s.173
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• pp.303-310
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• 2000

Fracture toughness of five different reactor pressure vessel steels was characterized in the transition temperature region by the ASTM E1921-97 standard method using Charpy-sized small specimens. T he predominant fracture mode of the tested steels was transgranular cleavage in the test conditions. A statistical analysis based on the Weibull distribution was applied to the interpretation of the scattered fracture toughness data. The size-dependence of the measured fracture toughness values was also well predicted by means of the Weibull probabilistic analysis. The measured fracture toughness transition curves followed the temperature-dependence of the ASTM master curve within the expected scatter bands. Therefore, the fracture toughness characteristics in the transition region could be described by a single parameter, so-called the reference temperature (T。), for a given steel. The determined reference temperatures of the tested materials could not be correlated with the conventional index temperatures from Charpy impact tests.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.403-409
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• 2017

In this study, mix proportioning of porous concrete with compressive strength and porosity exceeding 3MPa and 30%, respectively, was examined and then load capacity and flexural toughness of the porous concrete block were evaluated according to the different arrangements of the GFRP bars. To achieve the designed requirements of porous concrete, it can be recommended that water-to-cement ratio and cement-to-coarse aggregate ratio are 25% and 20%, respectively, under the aggregate particle distribution of 15~20mm. The failure mode of porous concrete blocks reinforced with GFRP bars was governed by shear cracks. As a result, very few flexural resistance of the GFRP was expected. However, the enhanced shear strength of porous concrete due to the dowel action of the GFRP bars increased the load capacity and toughness of the blocks. The porous concrete blocks reinforced with one GFRP bar at each compressive and tensile regions had 2.1 times higher load capacity than the companion non-reinforced block and exhibited a high ductile behavior with the ultimate toughness index ($I_{30}$) of 43.4.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

This study had a focus on investigating technical validity of Two-Lift Concrete Pavements which had never been constructed in Korea in order to olve the problem of existing concrete pavements. This study found out the application of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) which was one of ew techniques. Also, optimal steel fiber contents and pavement thickness were determined. This study also measured compressive strengths, lexural strengths, toughness indexes, tensile strengths and fatigue strengths to estimate the performance of SFRC of according to results of aboratory experiments, slumps and air contents of concrete specimens the standards satisfied and compressive strengths to open traffic. At bending ests, Toughness Index of SFRC increased but flexural strength didn’'t increase as compared with non-steel fiber concretes. And, energy absorption of SFRC was very good and SFRC showed improvement in freezing and thawing resistances. To complete this research, we will evaluate the pplication methods and performance of SFRC at field section.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.6 s.58
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• pp.166-175
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• 2009

An experimental study was carried out to estimate the flexural performance of steel fiberreinforced self-compacting concrete. Seven slabs with three different steel fiber-reinforced concretes were prepared to make beam specimens. After proper curing period, each slab was cut to five beams with a diamond saw. The beam specimen was tested with displacement control method to obtain load-deflection curve. As the results, the self-compacting concrete beam showed higher flexural strength, ductility and toughness index compared to the normal concrete beam. This means that steel fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete can be used more widely in the field of architecture and civil engineering because of its self-compactability and good mechanical properties.